scholarly journals Arsenic Induced Patterns of Auto-Grooming Response Over Time in Macrobrachium lamarrei: A Study on Behavioural Plasticity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munshi C ◽  
◽  
Das D ◽  
Biswas P ◽  
Sen K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Behavioural Plasticity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Grooming Behaviour ◽  
Over Time

Behavioural toxicity is a very applicable area in the vast field of ecotoxicology where, assessment of the alteration of behaviour is an effective tool to evaluate neural activity in an organism. In our present study, we have shown that arsenic trioxide exposure can stimulate repetitive grooming activity in a freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium lamarrei; however, over time the organism can modulate the grooming performances to less. We predict that repetition in the grooming behaviour is a case of neurotoxicity by arsenic and induction of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) within a short period of exposure time.

scholarly journals Arsenic induced patterns of auto-grooming response over time in Macrobrachium lamarrei: a study on behavioural plasticity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chayan Munshi ◽  
Deepyaman Das ◽  
Partho Biswas ◽  
Kosturi Sen ◽  
Nisha Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Behavioural Plasticity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Grooming Behaviour ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Behavioural toxicity is a very applicable area in the vast field of ecotoxicology where,assessment of the alteration of behaviour is an effective tool to evaluate neural activity in an organism. In our present study, we have shown that arsenic trioxide exposure can stimulate repetitive grooming activity in a freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium lamarrei; however, over time the organism can modulate the grooming performances to less. We predict that repetition in the grooming behaviour is a case of neurotoxicity by arsenic and induction of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) within a short period of exposure time.

“Best Things”: Parents Describe Their Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Over Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine T. Cost ◽  
Anat Zaidman-Zait ◽  
Pat Mirenda ◽  
Eric Duku ◽  
Lonnie Zwaigenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Over Time

Parent stress and coping trajectories in Hispanic and non-Hispanic families of children at risk of autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132110016
Author(s):  
Emily J Hickey ◽  
Michelle Stransky ◽  
Jocelyn Kuhn ◽  
Jessica E Rosenberg ◽  
Howard J Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Family Impact ◽  
Hispanic Parents ◽  
Hispanic Families ◽  
Parent Experiences ◽  
Over Time

Significant disparities exist between Hispanic and non-Hispanic families in time-to-diagnosis among children identified as at risk of autism spectrum disorder; yet, little is known about parent experiences throughout the diagnostic process that may contribute to or help explain these disparities. The current study examined longitudinal trajectories of parenting stress, coping, and perceived family impact during the autism spectrum disorder diagnostic process among an ethnically and racially diverse low-income, urban sample, allowing for comparisons between Hispanic and non-Hispanic families. Hispanic families reported lower levels of parenting stress (χ2 = 5.35(1), p = 0.021), avoidant (χ2 = 9.66(1), p = 0.002) and approach (χ2 = 8.61(1), p = 0.003) coping, and negative family impact (χ2 = 5.39(1), p = 0.020) across time (main effects) compared with non-Hispanic families. Furthermore, there were differences in the change in use (Time Period × Ethnicity interaction effects) of both avoidant (χ2 = 10.80(3), p = 0.013) and approach (χ2 = 11.57(3), p = 0.009) coping, as well as negative family impact (χ2 = 9.81(3), p = 0.020), between Hispanic and non-Hispanic parents over time. These differences begin to shed light on the unique experiences of Hispanic parents. Because of the strengths that Hispanic families demonstrate, interventions that leverage those strengths and focus on education, empowerment, and resilience might be particularly beneficial for Hispanic families and may also better inform work to increase resilience in non-Hispanic families. Lay abstract Little is known about parent experiences throughout the diagnostic process for autism or how these parent experiences may help explain the disparities that exist between Hispanic and non-Hispanic families in time-to-diagnosis among children identified as at risk for autism. The current study examined trajectories of parenting stress, coping, and perceived family impact over time, throughout the autism diagnostic process among Hispanic and non-Hispanic families. Hispanic families reported lower levels of parenting stress, coping, and negative family impact across time. Further, there were differences in the change in use of coping and the amount of negative family impact reported between Hispanic and non-Hispanic parents over time. These differences shed light on the unique experiences and strengths of Hispanic families demonstrate. Interventions that leverage those strengths and focus on education, empowerment, and resilience might be particularly beneficial for Hispanic families and may also better inform work to increase resilience.

Functional changes during visuo-spatial working memory in autism spectrum disorder: 2-year longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Autism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa M Vogan ◽  
Benjamin R Morgan ◽  
Mary Lou Smith ◽  
Margot J Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Functional Changes

This study examined functional changes longitudinally over 2 years in neural correlates associated with working memory in youth with and without autism spectrum disorder, and the impact of increasing cognitive load. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a visuo-spatial 1-back task with four levels of difficulty. A total of 14 children with autism spectrum disorder and 15 typically developing children (ages 7–13) were included at baseline and followed up approximately 2 years later. Despite similar task performance between groups, differences were evident in the developmental trajectories of neural responses. Typically developing children showed greater load-dependent activation which intensified over time in the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes and the right fusiform gyrus, compared to those with autism spectrum disorder. Children with autism spectrum disorder showed minimal age-related changes in load-dependent activation, but greater longitudinal load-dependent deactivation in default mode network compared to typically developing children. Results suggest inadequate modulation of neural activity with increasing cognitive demands in children with autism spectrum disorder, which does not mature into adolescence, unlike their typically developing peers. Diminished ability for children with autism spectrum disorder to modulate neural activity during this period of maturation suggests that they may be more vulnerable to the increasing complexity of social and academic demands as they progress through adolescence than their peers.

Structure, longitudinal invariance, and stability of the Child Behavior Checklist 1½–5’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Autism Spectrum Disorder scale: Findings from Generation R (Rotterdam)

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A Rescorla ◽  
Akhgar Ghassabian ◽  
Masha Y Ivanova ◽  
Vincent WV Jaddoe ◽  
Frank C Verhulst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Base Rates ◽  
Over Time

Although the Child Behavior Checklist 1½–5’s 12-item Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Autism Spectrum Problems Scale (formerly called Pervasive Developmental Problems scale) has been used in several studies as an autism spectrum disorder screener, the base rate and stability of its items and its measurement model have not been previously studied. We therefore examined the structure, longitudinal invariance, and stability of the Child Behavior Checklist 1½–5’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Autism Spectrum Problems Scale in the diverse Generation R (Rotterdam) sample based on mothers’ ratings at 18 months ( n = 4695), 3 years ( n = 4571), and 5 years ( n = 5752). Five items that seemed especially characteristic of autism spectrum disorder had low base rates at all three ages. The rank order of base rates for the 12 items was highly correlated over time ( Qs ⩾ 0.86), but the longitudinal stability of individual items was modest (phi coefficients = 0.15–0.34). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the autism spectrum disorder scale model manifested configural, metric, and scalar longitudinal invariance over the time period from 18 months to 5 years, with large factor loadings. Correlations over time for observed autism spectrum disorder scale scores (0.25–0.50) were generally lower than the correlations across time of the latent factors (0.45–0.68). Results indicated significant associations of the autism spectrum disorder scale with later autism spectrum disorder diagnoses.

scholarly journals Individual Symptom Severity in Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Predicts Reduction in Right Dorsal Stream Neural Activity During Live Eye-to-Eye Contact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Hirsch ◽  
Xian Zhang ◽  
J. Adam Noah ◽  
Adam Naples ◽  
Julie M. Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Somatosensory Cortices ◽  
The Right

Background: Social symptomatology quantified by clinical interview (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, ADOS) and self-report (Social Responsiveness Scale, SRS) indicate symptom severity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Reluctance to engage in interpersonal eye contact is a frequently observed behavioral hallmark, though neural bases for these difficulties and relation to symptomatology are not understood. We test the hypothesis that eye contact in ASD activates atypical neural mechanisms that are related to individual differences in symptomatology. Methods: Neural activity represented by hemodynamic signals was acquired by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during real person-to-person eye contact (confirmed by eye-tracking) for 17 adult ASD (3 female, 14 male) and 19 typically-developed (TD) participants (8 female, 11 male). Assessment of social function was based on ADOS scores for ASD participants and SRS scores for the combined group of ASD and TD participants. Results: Individual ADOS scores were negatively correlated (r = -0.69) with individual fNIRS beta-values (representing strength of hemodynamic signals) within clusters in the right dorsal stream regions: somatosensory cortices, angular gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus. Hemodynamic responses in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were also negatively correlated (r = -0.77) with ADOS scores. Similarly, SRS scores for the combined ASD and TD groups were also negatively correlated (r = -0.58) with somatosensory cortices and the supramarginal gyrus. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that neural mechanisms in the dorsal stream and DLPFC are related to social symptomatology and implicate high-level interactive face and eye-processing systems as potential neurobiological markers of ASD.

scholarly journals Developmental Trajectories of Feeding Problems in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 988-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Peverill ◽  
Isabel M Smith ◽  
Eric Duku ◽  
Peter Szatmari ◽  
Pat Mirenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
School Age ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective Although feeding problems are a common concern in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), few longitudinal studies have examined their persistence over time. The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental progression of feeding problems across four time points in preschoolers with ASD. Methods Group-based trajectory analyses revealed four distinct trajectories of feeding problems in our sample (N = 396). Results The majority of children showed levels of feeding problems that were low from the outset and stable (Group 1; 26.3%) or moderate and declining over time (Group 2; 38.9%). A third group (26.5%) showed high levels of feeding problems as preschoolers that declined to the average range by school age. Few participants (8.3%) showed evidence of severe chronic feeding problems. Feeding problems were more highly correlated with general behavior problems than with autism symptom severity. Conclusions Overall, our findings demonstrated that in our sample of children with ASD, most feeding problems remitted over time, but a small subgroup showed chronic feeding problems into school age. It is important to consider and assess feeding problems in ASD against the backdrop of typical development, as many children with ASD may show improvement with age.

Changing profiles of individuals with autism spectrum disorder admitted to a specialized inpatient unit

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Palucka ◽  
Miti Modi ◽  
Yona Lunsky
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Inpatient Unit ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Psychiatric Admission ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Provision ◽  
To Come ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the profiles of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) requiring an inpatient psychiatric admission. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines profiles of 27 inpatients with intellectual disability (ID) and ASD who were admitted to a specialized inpatient unit in two time periods (January 2005 to June 2009 and July 2009 to December 2013) to explore changes over time in patient profiles. Findings Findings suggest that individuals who were admitted more recently between July 2009 and December 2013, were younger and more likely to come from other ethnic backgrounds than those admitted between January 2005 and June 2009. There was a trend for recent admissions to come from family homes, have moderate to profound ID and have longer hospital stay. Originality/value This is the first study to compare profiles of adults with ASD receiving inpatient services over time. The value of the study lies in illustrating that the needs of this growing patient group are changing which has implications for the treatment provision including specialized inpatient treatment.

scholarly journals Assessment of Changes over Time of Lipid Profile, C-Reactive Protein Level and Body Mass Index in Teenagers and Young Adults on Different Diets Belonging to Autism Spectrum Disorder

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Błażewicz ◽  
Iwona Szymańska ◽  
Aleksander Astel ◽  
Agnieszka Stenzel-Bembenek ◽  
Wojciech Remington Dolliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Assessment Period ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Background: Numerous scientific studies on patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggest a significant role of inflammation processes or lipid disorders in this spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. Unfortunately, there is a lack of assessments of changes over time regarding level of lipids and inflammatory markers in people diagnosed with ASD using different diets. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in lipid profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and body mass index (BMI) in individuals diagnosed with ASD and healthy controls. Variables were assessed at two time points (2015/17 and 2017/20) for each subject. Methods: After applying the selection criteria, for the first assessment period, 96 participants were qualified (the group consisted of 59 males with ASD and 37 healthy volunteers, i.e., age-matched control group—CG). The final assessment included 93 participants (57 from ASD group and 36 from CG). Subjects were on low-fat diet (LFD), gluten–casein-free diet (GF–CF) and regular diet (RD), respectively. All members of CG were on regular diet. A fasting lipid profile and hs-CRP level were analyzed. BMI and percentiles were calculated. Eating habits were checked by analyzing data from questionnaires. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used separately for every assessment. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the medians of variables in the scheme of pairwise comparisons between control and ASD groups on different diets for separate assessment, while differences over time between variables were tested by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Statistically significant differences between BMI, CRP, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL-C and TC/HDL ratio were found in ASD group in comparison to healthy volunteers (increased BMI, CRP and TC/HDL and decreased HDL-C for all types of diets, increased TG in the group of LFD and RD individual and increased non-HDL-C in the group of GF–CF and RD individuals) during the first assessment period. The second assessment over time also showed increased levels of TC, non HDL-C and TC/HDL and decreased level of HDL-C for all ASD individuals regardless of diets used, while BMI and CRP increased only for individuals on LFD and RD. No statistically significant correlations between age of participants and other variables comparing with CG were found. Conclusions: Our studies suggest that targeted, individualized nutritional pattern and periodic screening for lipid and immune disorders would be beneficial for teenagers and adults diagnosed with ASD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document