scholarly journals EMBRYONIC AND EARLY LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF WHITESPOTTED GREENLING HEXAGRAMMOS STELLERI (SCORPAENIFORMES: HEXAGRAMMIDAE) FROM THE NORTHERN OKHOTSK SEA

2019 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
R. R. Yusupov ◽  
R. R. Yusupov
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Okhotsk Sea ◽  
Exogenous Feeding ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Hexagrammos Stelleri ◽  
Early Larval Development

In vitro morphological development of whitespotted greenling Hexagrammos stelleri from the northern Okhotsk Sea is described in detail and illustrated from the eggs fertilization to the larvae transition to exogenous feeding. Mean diameter of the fertilized eggs is determined as 2.03 mm (1.80–2.30 mm). The embryos hatch in 30 days and 6 hours after fertilization of eggs under the water temperature of 7.1–12.4 оC (on average 11.5 оC). The hatched prelarvae have the size TL 7.73–9.20 mm (on average 8.49 ± 0.09 mm) and SL 7.48–8.80 (8.15 ± 0.08 mm).

scholarly journals Embriogenesis and larval ontogeny of the "piau-gordura", Leporinus piau (Fowler) (Pisces, Anostomidae) after induced spawning

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Luiz Borçato ◽  
Nilo Bazzoli ◽  
Yoshimi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Exogenous Feeding ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Final Development ◽  
Complete Absorption ◽  
Vegetative Pole ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

Mature males and females of Leporinus piau (Fowler, 1941) were induced to reproduce through a hypophysation process. Extrusion occurred 12 h or 312 hours-degree after the hypophysation, at a water temperature of 26°C. Fertilized eggs were maintained in incubators at 24°C. Embryonic development, was evaluated using every 10 minutes, fresh egg samples which were analyzed under stereoscopic microscope. The larvae were collected at 24-hour intervals for seven days after hatching, fixed in Bouin's fluid and were submitted to routine histological techniques. The eggs of L. piau were slightly gray, non-adhesive and round-shaped. After 1.5 h the embryo was at the 64-blastomere phase and showed a wide yolk region on the vegetative pole. Within 6.25 h, blastopore closure and the end of gastrula was observed. The differentiation of layers occurred after 7.5 h and hatching after 21 h after fertilization at 24°C or 504 hours-degree. During the first three days of the larvae development there was a gradual yolk sac reduction until its complete absorption on the fourth day, indicating the necessity of exogenous feeding. From the fourth to the seventh day, the final development of the heart, gill arches, swimblader, kidney, hepatopancreas, stomach and intestine were observed. The embryonic and larval development of L. piau were similar to other Anastomidae species.

Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell line supports in vitro miracidial transformation and early larval development of the deer liver fluke, Fascioloides magna

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. LAURSEN ◽  
T. P. YOSHINO
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Digenetic Trematode ◽  
Fascioloides Magna ◽  
Early Larval Development

A Bge cell co-culture system, previously shown to support the in vitro production of daughter sporocysts from mother sporocysts of Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum, has proven capable of supporting the in vitro development of intramolluscan stages of the deer liver fluke, Fascioloides magna. Miracidia commenced transforming within 4 h of incubation with Bge cells, and had completely shed their epidermal plates within 18–24 h. Redial stages were visible inside in vitro-transformed mother sporocysts after 12–16 days of co-culture with Bge cells, and emerged as fully-developed larvae starting at 14–20 days post-cultivation. Rediae survived over 60 days of in vitro culture, and reached a maximum size of 150–170 μm. Although particulate material was visible in their cecae, rediae were not observed to actively feed on Bge cells. Bge cells did not attach to or encapsulate larval stages at any time throughout the incubation period. Unlike Schistosoma spp., in which a high percentage of miracidia spontaneously shed their ciliated epidermal plates and transformed into mother sporocysts in Chernin's balanced saline solution (CBSS), transformation of F. magna was dependent on Bge cell products. Less than 5% of F. magna miracidia transformed spontaneously in either CBSS or Bge medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (complete or C-Bge). However, incubation of miracidia in either Bge cell-conditioned C-Bge medium or a greater than 30 kDa fraction concentrated from conditioned CBSS increased transformation rates to 67 and 83%, respectively. This secretory Bge cell factor(s) appeared to be protein in nature since its activity was completely abrogated by heat or proteinase K treatments. Overall, these results demonstrate that Bge cells are required for stimulating in vitro miracidial transformation and supporting early larval development of a fasciolid trematode under culture conditions. This is the first report of in vitro development of rediae from miracidia for a digenetic trematode.

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Commercial Nanopolystyrenes: Behavior in Exposure Media, Effects on Immune Function and Early Larval Development in the Model Bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3291
Author(s):  
Manon Auguste ◽  
Teresa Balbi ◽  
Angelica Miglioli ◽  
Stefano Alberti ◽  
Sonja Prandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Early Larval Development

In the absence of standard methods for the detection/quantification of nanoplastics (NPs) in environmental samples, commercial nanopolymers are utilized as proxies for toxicity testing and environmental risk assessment. In marine species, a considerable amount of data are now available on the effects of nanopolystyrene (PS-NPs) of different size/surface characteristics. In this work, amino modified PS-NPs (PS-NH2) (50 and 100 nm), purchased from two different companies, were compared in terms of behavior in exposure media and of biological responses, from molecular to organism level, in the model marine bivalve Mytilus. Different PS-NH2 showed distinct agglomeration and surface charge in artificial sea water (ASW) and hemolymph serum (HS). Differences in behavior were largely reflected by the effects on immune function in vitro and in vivo and on early larval development. Stronger effects were generally observed with PS-NH2 of smaller size, showing less agglomeration and higher positive charge in exposure media. Specific molecular interactions with HS components were investigated by the isolation and characterization of the NP-corona proteins. Data obtained in larvae demonstrate interference with the molecular mechanisms of shell biogenesis. Overall, different PS-NH2 can affect the key physiological functions of mussels at environmental concentrations (10 µg/L). However, detailed information on the commercial NPs utilized is required to compare their biological effects among laboratory experiments.

Increased water temperature interrupts embryonic and larval development of Indian major carp rohu Labeo rohita

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ashaf-Ud-Doulah ◽  
S. M. Majharul Islam ◽  
Md Mahiuddin Zahangir ◽  
Md Sadiqul Islam ◽  
Christopher Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Indian Major Carp ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

scholarly journals The effects of flubendazole and its metabolites on the larval development of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae): an in vitro study

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bártíková ◽  
L. Skálová ◽  
J. Lamka ◽  
B. Szotáková ◽  
M. Várady
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Susceptible Isolate ◽  
Marked Resistance ◽  
Larval Development Test

AbstractThe anthelmintic effects of flubendazole (FLU), its two main metabolites reduced flubendazole (FLU-R) and hydrolyzed flubendazole (FLU-H), and thiabendazole (TBZ) were compared using an in vitro larval development test in two isolates of Haemonchus contortus, a fully susceptible isolate (HCS) and a multi-resistant isolate (HCR). Results were quantified as 50 % lethal concentration (LC50), 99 % lethal concentration (LC99), efficacy factor (EF), and resistance factor (RF). For HCS, both LC50 and LC99 of FLU were lower than those of the reference TBZ. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-R in HCS and HCR was 13 and 6 times lower than the activity of FLU, respectively. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-H was negligible (approximately 363–853 times lower) compared to that of FLU. Although a marked resistance of the HCR isolate to TBZ was confirmed, only a low tolerance to FLU-R and slightly higher tolerance to FLU were found.

The preimplantation pig embryo: cell number and allocation to trophectoderm and inner cell mass of the blastocyst in vivo and in vitro

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Papaioannou ◽  
K.M. Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Total Cell Number

Total cell number as well as differential cell numbers representing the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm were determined by a differential staining technique for preimplantation pig embryos recovered between 5 and 8 days after the onset of oestrus. Total cell number increased rapidly over this time span and significant effects were found between embryos of the same chronological age from different females. Inner cells could be detected in some but not all embryos of 12–16 cells. The proportion of inner cells was low in morulae but increased during differentiation of ICM and trophectoderm in early blastocysts. The proportion of ICM cells then decreased as blastocysts expanded and hatched. Some embryos were cultured in vitro and others were transferred to the oviducts of immature mice as a surrogate in vivo environment and assessed for morphology and cell number after several days. Although total cell number did not reach in vivo levels, morphological development and cell number increase was sustained better in the immature mice than in vitro. The proportion of ICM cells in blastocysts formed in vitro was in the normal range.

Oxygen modulates the differentiation of human fetal lung in vitro and its responsiveness to cAMP

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (5) ◽  
pp. L465-L474 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Acarregui ◽  
J. M. Snyder ◽  
C. R. Mendelson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Fetal Lung

Previously, it was found that lung explants from mid-trimester human abortuses differentiate spontaneously in organ culture in serum-free defined medium in an atmosphere of 95% air-5% CO2. Dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP) treatment of human fetal lung in culture increases the rate of morphological differentiation and enhances expression of the surfactant protein A (SP-A) gene. To begin to define the factors responsible for this accelerated in vitro differentiation, we analyzed the effects of atmospheric oxygen on the morphological and biochemical development of human fetal lung in culture and on responsiveness of the cultured tissue to DBcAMP. We found that when lung explants were maintained in an atmosphere containing 1% oxygen they failed to differentiate spontaneously and no induction of SP-A gene expression was apparent. Furthermore, at 1% oxygen, DBcAMP had no effect to stimulate morphological differentiation or SP-A gene expression. When lung tissues that had been maintained for 5 days in 1% oxygen were transferred to an environment containing 20% oxygen, there was rapid morphological development and induction of SP-A gene expression. The effects on morphological development were manifest within 24 h of transfer to the 20% oxygen environment; within 72 h, a marked stimulatory effect of DBcAMP on SP-A gene expression also was observed. Our findings further suggest that the effects of oxygen on the levels of SP-A and SP-A mRNA are concentration dependent. Interestingly, the inductive effects of DBcAMP on SP-A gene expression were apparent only at oxygen concentrations > or = 10%. Morphological differentiation of the cultured human fetal lung tissue also was influenced by oxygen in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that oxygen plays an important permissive role in the spontaneous differentiation of human fetal lung in vitro.

scholarly journals Embryogenesis and early larval development in wild-caught Levantine scraper, Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1842)

2018 ◽  
Vol 280 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Zadmajid ◽  
Sune Riis Sørensen ◽  
Ian Anthony Ernest Butts
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Early Larval Development
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