scholarly journals The Dissolution Dilemma for low Pt Loading Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Catalysts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel John Seale Sandbeck ◽  
Niklas Mørch Secher ◽  
Masanori Inaba ◽  
Jonathan Quinson ◽  
Jakob Ejler Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Metal Loading ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
On Line ◽  
Low Pt Loading ◽  
The Impact

Cost and lifetime currently hinder widespread commercialization of polymer electrolyte<br>membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Reduced electrode Pt loadings lower costs; however, the impact<br>of metal loading (on the support) and its relation to degradation (lifetime) remain unclear. The<br>limited research on these parameters stems from synthetic difficulties and lack of in situ<br>analytics. This study addresses these challenges by synthesizing 2D and 3D Pt/C model catalyst<br>systems via two precise routes and systematically varying the loading. Pt dissolution was<br>monitored using on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (on-line-ICP-MS), while<br>X-ray spectroscopy techniques were applied to establish the oxidation states of Pt in correlation<br>with metal loading. Dissolution trends emerge which can be explained by three particle<br>proximity dependent mechanisms: (1) shifts in the Nernst dissolution potential, (2) redeposition,<br>and (3) alteration of Pt oxidation states. These results identify engineering limitations, which<br>should be considered by researchers in fuel cell development and related fields. <br>

scholarly journals The Dissolution Dilemma for low Pt Loading Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Catalysts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel John Seale Sandbeck ◽  
Niklas Mørch Secher ◽  
Masanori Inaba ◽  
Jonathan Quinson ◽  
Jakob Ejler Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Metal Loading ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
On Line ◽  
Low Pt Loading ◽  
The Impact

Cost and lifetime currently hinder widespread commercialization of polymer electrolyte<br>membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Reduced electrode Pt loadings lower costs; however, the impact<br>of metal loading (on the support) and its relation to degradation (lifetime) remain unclear. The<br>limited research on these parameters stems from synthetic difficulties and lack of in situ<br>analytics. This study addresses these challenges by synthesizing 2D and 3D Pt/C model catalyst<br>systems via two precise routes and systematically varying the loading. Pt dissolution was<br>monitored using on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (on-line-ICP-MS), while<br>X-ray spectroscopy techniques were applied to establish the oxidation states of Pt in correlation<br>with metal loading. Dissolution trends emerge which can be explained by three particle<br>proximity dependent mechanisms: (1) shifts in the Nernst dissolution potential, (2) redeposition,<br>and (3) alteration of Pt oxidation states. These results identify engineering limitations, which<br>should be considered by researchers in fuel cell development and related fields. <br>

scholarly journals Impact of MPL on Temperature Distribution in Single Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell with Various Thicknesses of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2499
Author(s):  
Akira Nishimura ◽  
Tatsuya Okado ◽  
Yuya Kojima ◽  
Masafumi Hirota ◽  
Eric Hu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plane Temperature ◽  
Power Generation Performance

The impact of micro porous layer (MPL) with various thicknesses of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) on heat and mass transfer characteristics, as well as power generation performance of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC), is investigated. The in-plane temperature distribution on cathode separator back is also measured by thermocamera. It has been found that the power generation performance is improved by the addition of MPL, especially at higher current density condition irrespective of initial temperature of cell (Tini) and relative humidity condition. However, the improvement is not obvious when the thin PEM (Nafion NRE-211; thickness of 25 μm) is used. The increase in temperature from inlet to outlet without MPL is large compared to that with MPL when using thick PEM, while the difference between without MPL and with MPL is small when using thin PEM. It has been confirmed that the addition of MPL is effective for the improvement of power generation performance of single PEFC operated at higher temperatures than normal. However, the in-plane temperature distribution with MPL is not even.

scholarly journals The Dissolution Dilemma for Low Pt Loading Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 (16) ◽  
pp. 164501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. S. Sandbeck ◽  
Niklas Mørch Secher ◽  
Masanori Inaba ◽  
Jonathan Quinson ◽  
Jakob Ejler Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Fuel Cell Catalysts ◽  
Low Pt Loading

Combining CFD and Stress Models for PEM Cells: Initial Development

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Martinez-Baca ◽  
Rowland Travis
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Porous Electrodes ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this work is to determine the relationship between the operational characteristics of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell, and the relevant materials issues and in particular mechanical stresses that develop. A three dimensional, non-isothernal, single phase model of a single channel PEM fuel cell is developed to investigate the impact of temperature variation on the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA). The model accounts for heat transfer in solids as well as in the multi-component mixture of gases, convection and diffusion of different species in the porous electrodes and the channels, electrochemical reactions and transport of water and ions through the PEM. This model has been numerically implemented in a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD), finite volume based code. Temperature contours derived from the model were then exported to a commercial Finite Element (FE) code to analyse the relevant mechanical issues of the PEM and in particular thermomechanical stresses that develop. Initial results verify that, even considering the polymer electrolyte membrane in isolation with mechanically free boundary conditions, there is a significant temperature difference leading to tensile stresses of up to 2.1 MPa within the membrane.

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