scholarly journals A High-Performance 75 W Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells Stack

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng Wang ◽  
Yun Zhao ◽  
Brian P. Setzler ◽  
Reza Abbasi ◽  
Shimshon Gottesfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Spinel Cathode ◽  
First Time

Ammonia can be directly used as fuel to generate electric energy in a low-temperature direct ammonia fuel cell (DAFC), making the DAFC an attractive option for zero-emission transportation. However, with a high-performance and durable DAFC still to be demonstrated, and with the remaining need to identify a suitable first market, the introduction of this technology has been delayed so far. Here, we report a high-performance DAFC stack enabled by a hydrophobic spinel cathode, which achieves the best combination of performance and durability reported to date. Peak power density of 410 mW cm-2 and continuous operation for 80 hours at 300 mA cm-2 were achieved for the first time in 5 cm2 DAFCs, and then successfully scaled up to 50 cm2. Five such cells were assembled into a 75 W DAFC stack using graphite bipolar plates, demonstrating stack performance at the level expected from the single cell tests. The best combination of performance and durability for the single cell and, particularly, the demonstration of the world’s first DAFC bipolar stack, constitute significant milestones in the development of DAFC technology. We also performed an in-depth techno-economic analysis of a 2 kW, 10 kWh DAFC system serving as power source for drones. Based on the DAFC performance demonstrated by us to date, such system can be a competitive power source over hydrogen fuel cells and Li-ion batteries.

scholarly journals A High-Performance 75 W Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells Stack

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng Wang ◽  
Yun Zhao ◽  
Brian P. Setzler ◽  
Reza Abbasi ◽  
Shimshon Gottesfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Spinel Cathode ◽  
First Time

Ammonia can be directly used as fuel to generate electric energy in a low-temperature direct ammonia fuel cell (DAFC), making the DAFC an attractive option for zero-emission transportation. However, with a high-performance and durable DAFC still to be demonstrated, and with the remaining need to identify a suitable first market, the introduction of this technology has been delayed so far. Here, we report a high-performance DAFC stack enabled by a hydrophobic spinel cathode, which achieves the best combination of performance and durability reported to date. Peak power density of 410 mW cm-2 and continuous operation for 80 hours at 300 mA cm-2 were achieved for the first time in 5 cm2 DAFCs, and then successfully scaled up to 50 cm2. Five such cells were assembled into a 75 W DAFC stack using graphite bipolar plates, demonstrating stack performance at the level expected from the single cell tests. The best combination of performance and durability for the single cell and, particularly, the demonstration of the world’s first DAFC bipolar stack, constitute significant milestones in the development of DAFC technology. We also performed an in-depth techno-economic analysis of a 2 kW, 10 kWh DAFC system serving as power source for drones. Based on the DAFC performance demonstrated by us to date, such system can be a competitive power source over hydrogen fuel cells and Li-ion batteries.

scholarly journals High-Performance Graphene Coating on Titanium Bipolar Plates in Fuel Cells via Cathodic Electrophoretic Deposition

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Luofu Min ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Yuxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Modified Graphene Oxide ◽  
Bare Titanium

In this article, we proposed a facile method to electrophoretically deposit a highly conductive and corrosion-resistant graphene layer on metal bipolar plates (BPs) while avoiding the oxidation of the metal substrate during the electrophoretic deposition (EPD). p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) was first grafted onto negatively charged graphene oxide (GO) to obtain modified graphene oxide (MGO) while bearing positive charges. Then, MGO dispersed in ethanol was coated on titanium plates via cathodic EPD under a constant voltage, followed by reducing the deposited MGO with H2 at 400 °C, gaining a titanium plate coated with reduced MGO (RMGO@Ti). Under the simulated environment of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), RMGO@Ti presents a corrosion current of < 10−6 A·cm−2, approximately two orders of magnitude lower than that of bare titanium. Furthermore, the interfacial contact resistance (ICR) of RMGO@Ti is as low as 4 mΩ·cm2, which is about one-thirtieth that of bare titanium. Therefore, RMGO@Ti appears very promising for use as BP in PEMFCs.

Increase in Availability of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells by Means of Parallel Connection of Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanno Stagge ◽  
Lars Doerrer ◽  
Ralf Benger ◽  
Beck Hans-Peter
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Parallel Connection ◽  
In Series ◽  
Storage Technologies

Fuel cells consist of single cells that are connected in series to form a stack. This increases output voltage and therefore decreases current-dependent power losses, but the electric current of the stack has to flow through each single cell. In case of an increase of resistance or a failure of just one single cell the whole stack is affected. The failure tolerance of a parallel connection is higher. The serial and parallel connection of single solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is compared under the aspects of failure probability, power drop and stress on the single cells. With both a highly linearized and a complex SOFC model simulations have been accomplished of the connection of two single cells in parallel and in serial configuration. Additionally different connection concepts of 16 single cells were examined. Finally, an outlook on different other source or storage technologies for electric energy like batteries and photovoltaic cells is given.

scholarly journals Developing high performance magnesium phosphate cement composite bipolar plates for fuel cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 1980-1985
Author(s):  
Wenbin Hao ◽  
Hongyan Ma ◽  
Guoxing Sun ◽  
Zongjin Li
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Magnesium Phosphate ◽  
Bipolar Plates

A facile way to fabricate double-shell pomegranate-like porous carbon microspheres for high-performance Li-ion batteries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (24) ◽  
pp. 12073-12079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yuhai Dou ◽  
Haipeng Guo ◽  
Binwei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Carbon Microspheres ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Facile Preparation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Templating Technique

We report for the first time a facile preparation of double-shell pomegranate-like porous carbon microspheres (PCMs) by a modified templating technique.

Zr and Y co-doped perovskite as a stable, high performance cathode for solid oxide fuel cells operating below 500 °C

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuancheng Duan ◽  
David Hook ◽  
Yachao Chen ◽  
Jianhua Tong ◽  
Ryan O'Hayre
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Power Densities ◽  
Co Doped

BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3−δis applied for the first time as a cathode for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs) with high power densities below 500 °C and 2500 hours stable performance.

Soil as an inexhaustible and high-performance anode material for Li-ion batteries

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (87) ◽  
pp. 15827-15830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Hu ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Liang Cong ◽  
Fangyi Cheng ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Anode Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
First Time

Soil as an inexhaustible natural material is for the first time used as a high-performance anode in 18650-type full batteries.

ULTRATHIN Li4Ti5O12 NANOSHEETS AS A HIGH PERFORMANCE ANODE FOR Li-ION BATTERY

2011 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHENSHENG HONG ◽  
TONGBIN LAN ◽  
FUYU XIAO ◽  
HUIXING ZHANG ◽  
MINGDENG WEI
Keyword(s):  
Anode Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Titanate Nanowires ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
First Time ◽  
A Current

Ultrathin Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) nanosheets were successfully synthesized for the first time using the ultrathin titanate nanowires as a precursor. The synthesized Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 nanosheets have a large surface area of 159.2m2g-1 and their thickness was found to be ca. 5–7 nm. These nanosheets were highly crystalline and used as anode materials in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. A stable capacity of 150 mAhg-1 for LTO nanosheets can be retained after 70 cycles at a current density of 1 Ag-1 in the voltage window of 2.5–1.0 V. It is notable that a large capacity of 267.5 mAhg-1 was obtained at the second discharge and 166 mAhg-1 can be retained after 70 cycles at 1 Ag-1 in the voltage range of 2.5–0.02 V. These results indicate that the anode materials made of spinel LTO nanosheets displayed a large reversible capacity at a high charge/discharge rate.

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