A detailed review on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT)

In this developing scientific and medical world there is a keen curiosity in studying the activity of human gut micro flora in the emerging revolutionary medical process, fecal microbiota transplantation. This process is about the incorporation of prepared fecal matter solution from the donor into the recipient’s gut which is mainly done to restore and alter the microbial content in the gut of the recipient and to attain a therapeutic impact with greater health benefit. FMT, a bacteriotherapy has proved itself by successfully treating the recurrent clostridium difficile infection in the patient whose disease condition can’t be improved by antibiotic regimen. It also exhibits its therapeutic impact in disease conditions like obesity, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In recent studies, research scholar implemented this Microbiota transfer therapy (MTT) in patient with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attained the greater health benefits.

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Irritable bowel syndrome and transplantation of fecal microbiota. Review

Modern Gastroenterology ◽

10.30978/mg-2021-4-45 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

G. D. Fadieienko ◽

O. Y. Gridnyev

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Positive Outcome ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Global Improvement ◽

Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Irritable Bowel

Objective — to perform analysis of the literature data as regards the efficacy of the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Materials and methods. The systematic review of the literature (PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library) has been performed to assess the results of investigation on the use of FMT in adult IBS patients. Results. Currently, FMT is a safe and highly successful method of treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, and possibility to use FMT in the treatment of other diseases is under investigation. The results of FMT treatment of patients with IBS are contradictory. A number of authors outline fairly high FMT efficacy when used for the treatment of patients with IBS, refractory to the standard methods: it varies from 36 % to 70 % with a duration of adequate symptoms’ relief up to 1 year. However, other authors indicate that the positive FMT clinical effect lasted from 8 weeks to 3 months, after which there was a gradual recovery of symptoms. At the same time, the researchers noted that mostly often the positive outcome was reached after FMT from donors with a higher number of streptococci in the feces. Still others point out that there was no sustained, at least 50‑point reduction in the severity of IBS symptoms from baseline. Some authors did not reveal the advantages of FMT over placebo control and even reported about the higher placebo efficacy. After data generalization no significant difference was revealed in the global improvement in IBS symptoms in patients receiving donor FM versus placebo. However, the attention is drawn to the relationship between the results of FMT with methodology. Indeed, several studies have shown that placebo capsules were more effective than capsules containing donor feces, whereas FMT from donor stool delivered by colonoscopy was superior to FMF from autologous stool. This may be due to the excipients, containing in the capsulated FMT. A number of researchers also indicated that the use of a super donor is necessary for successful FMT and that the response to FMT is dose dependent. Conclusions. To resolve the issue of the expediency of using FMT in routine clinical practice in patients with IBS, more qualitative controlled studies, involving large cohorts of IBS patients and long‑term follow‑up, are required.

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Current status, complications and prospects of fecal microbiota transplantation therapy

Archives of Pathology and Clinical Research ◽

10.29328/journal.apcr.1001021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 004-009

Author(s):

Ohara Tadashi

Keyword(s):

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

The United States ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Current Status ◽

Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Highly Virulent ◽

Transplantation Therapy

Currently, the emergence of highly virulent mutants in Europe and the United States has caused refractory recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI) to be a problem in clinical practice. In 2013, the Netherland group demonstrated breakthrough therapeutic efficacy in fecal microbial transplant (FMT) treatment clinical trials for RCDI, and FMT treatment is rapidly gaining attention. In addition to RCDI, FMT treatment has been attempted in various gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation, as well as extragastrointestinal diseases. In this review, I would like to describe the current status, complications and prospects of FMT treatment.

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A New Therapeutic Attempt from the Gut to the Brain

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2021/6699268 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Hao-Ming Xu ◽

Hong-Li Huang ◽

You-Lian Zhou ◽

Hai-Lan Zhao ◽

Jing Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽

New Strategy ◽

Cerebral Diseases ◽

The Brain

Gut dysbacteriosis is closely related to various intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a biological therapy that entails transferring the gut microbiota from healthy individuals to patients in order to reconstruct the intestinal microflora in the latter. It has been proved to be an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Studies show that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathophysiology of neurological and psychiatric disorders through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Therefore, reconstruction of the healthy gut microbiota is a promising new strategy for treating cerebral diseases. We have reviewed the latest research on the role of gut microbiota in different nervous system diseases as well as FMT in the context of its application in neurological, psychiatric, and other nervous system-related diseases (Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, hepatic encephalopathy, neuropathic pain, etc.).

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Fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: the first prospective study of 30 patients in Romania

Revista Romana de Medicina de Laborator ◽

10.2478/rrlm-2018-0013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 201-210

Author(s):

Laszlo Mihaela ◽

Oliviu Pascu ◽

Daniel-Corneliu Leucuta ◽

Vasile Andreica

Keyword(s):

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Therapy Resistance ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Post Transplantation ◽

Fecal Matter ◽

Efficient Treatment ◽

Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection

Abstract Introduction: The infection with Clostridium difficile has increased in incidence worldwide and it raises many problems with regard to therapy, resistance to treatment and especially recurrence. Recurrence is frequent in patients treated for Clostridium difficile infection, requiring vancomycin by mouth, with limited alternatives. The literature shows that one of the most efficient treatment methods in Clostridium difficile infection is the transplantation of gut microbiota, also known as fecal microbiota transplantation. Aim: We present our results following FMT performed in patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, and propose a simple and effective protocol for fecal microbiota transplantation. Study design: The study was prospective. The phases of the FMT procedure: assessment of patient eligibility, patient’s consent, identification and screening of donors, discontinuation of antibiotics (vancomycin, metronidazole) 3 days prior to the procedure. Methods: Between 2013 and 2015, FMT was performed in 30 patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, by direct infusion of extensively processed donor fecal matter via colonoscopy. We followed up the patients for 12 months. Results: Immediate post-transplantation outcome in what concerns stool frequency during the follow-up period (7 days) was encouraging in 93.33% of patients. The donors were healthy individuals (53% 1st degree relatives), previously screened for possible infections and infestations. This result was sustained at 6-month and 12-month follow-up. Post-transplantation recurrence occurred in 6.67% (2 patients), which responded well to treatment and did not require a new vancomycin course. Conclusions: Fecal microbiota transplantation via colonoscopy is effective, safe, easy to perform, it yields lasting results and is therefore a good option for recurrent or treatment-resistant Clostridium difficile infection.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Longitudinal microbiome analysis of single donor fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and/or ulcerative colitis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.732586821.793548256 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Scott L Butler

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Microbiome Analysis ◽

Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽

Single Donor

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The microbial metabolite p-Cresol induces autistic-like behaviors in mice by remodeling the gut microbiota

Microbiome ◽

10.1186/s40168-021-01103-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Patricia Bermudez-Martin ◽

Jérôme A. J. Becker ◽

Nicolas Caramello ◽

Sebastian P. Fernandez ◽

Renan Costa-Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Behavior ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Dopamine Neurons ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Microbial Metabolite ◽

Central Dopamine Neurons ◽

Induced Changes

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, changes in microbiota composition as well as in the fecal, serum, and urine levels of microbial metabolites. Yet a causal relationship between dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and ASD remains to be demonstrated. Here, we hypothesized that the microbial metabolite p-Cresol, which is more abundant in ASD patients compared to neurotypical individuals, could induce ASD-like behavior in mice. Results Mice exposed to p-Cresol for 4 weeks in drinking water presented social behavior deficits, stereotypies, and perseverative behaviors, but no changes in anxiety, locomotion, or cognition. Abnormal social behavior induced by p-Cresol was associated with decreased activity of central dopamine neurons involved in the social reward circuit. Further, p-Cresol induced changes in microbiota composition and social behavior deficits could be transferred from p-Cresol-treated mice to control mice by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). We also showed that mice transplanted with the microbiota of p-Cresol-treated mice exhibited increased fecal p-Cresol excretion, compared to mice transplanted with the microbiota of control mice. In addition, we identified possible p-Cresol bacterial producers. Lastly, the microbiota of control mice rescued social interactions, dopamine neurons excitability, and fecal p-Cresol levels when transplanted to p-Cresol-treated mice. Conclusions The microbial metabolite p-Cresol induces selectively ASD core behavioral symptoms in mice. Social behavior deficits induced by p-Cresol are dependant on changes in microbiota composition. Our study paves the way for therapeutic interventions targeting the microbiota and p-Cresol production to treat patients with ASD.

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Prospective, Open-label Trial to Evaluate Efficacy of Lyophilized Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Treatment of Recurrent C. difficile Infection

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofx163.950 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S383-S384

Author(s):

Peyman Goldeh ◽

Peter Kim ◽

Salaheddin Abouanaser ◽

Eric Partlow ◽

Patricia Beckett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Similar Efficacy ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Open Label ◽

Retention Enema ◽

Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽

Laboratory Facility ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown to be effective for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI). However, significant laboratory costs for donor screening and a lack of suitable donors and laboratory facility have restricted the availability of the treatment. In order to expand access to FMT, we have investigated the efficacy of lyophilized FMT, comparing it to the published historical efficacy of frozen FMT in preventing further episodes of CDI in patients with a history of rCDI. This study was designed to be open-labeled to expedite and minimize costs associated with conducting a two-armed randomized controlled trial, given that the efficacy of frozen FMT is known to be 85%. Additionally, using lyophilized FMT offers two major advantages: 1) its prolonged shelf life reduces cost because fewer donors need to be screened; and 2) it can be transported without freezing. Methods This is an open-labeled, prospective study involving 50 patients with a history of 2 or more rCDI who have failed at least 1 course of tapered vancomycin therapy. Eligible patients received 2 lyophilized FMT via retention enema within 8 days of each treatment and were followed for 13 weeks post last FMT to determine efficacy and safety of FMT. Results The efficacy of lyophilized FMTs in preventing further episodes of CDI in patients with rCDI was 80%. The adverse events associated with lyophilized FMT were similar to frozen FMT. Conclusion Lyophilized FMT in treating rCDI showed similar efficacy and safety to frozen FMT. Lyophilized FMT appears to be promising in preventing further episode of CDI and increasing accessibility for patients with rCDI. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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