Heavy truck driving attitude and behavior contributing to road traffic accidents

According to the World Health Organisation, road traffic accidents are the leading cause of most emergency admissions in hospitals worldwide. Many people have indicated that road traffic collisions are a significant contributor to DALYs lost. For example, according to the World Health Survey in 2010, road traffic events have been reported as the ninth most common cause of injury-modified life years (DALYs) lost across all age and gender classes. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that one out of every 10 deaths in the world are caused by road traffic accidents. More than 200,000 people are killed in the United States each year from different reasons. The number of disabled people related to this disease will grow even further by 2020. There are nearly 1.5 million out of about 47 million people who are wounded in the highways every year in the United States Drivers were found to be more likely to saddle up for the journey as they set out on main roads. Car seat-belts can make driving more safe by reducing the effect made on the drivers and the passengers in the car. The driver's mood about the problem of distracted driving can be a critical factor in avoiding road traffic accidents. To be safe, drivers should have at least one restful day a week, should not drive for more than eight hours a day, should not travel more than 800 kilometers a day, and will need to have routine checks so that everything is going well and is running properly. Traffic laws, traffic signs, other vehicles, and many other items when on the road; drivers should not eat any nourishment, they should not consume any quantity of alcoholic beverages, they should not use electronic cigarettes, they should not put their mobile phones on.

Extraction and characterization of sea anemones compound and its Anti bacterial and hemolytic studies

Seas assets that give us a variety of characteristic items to control bacterial, contagious and viral ailment and mostly utilized for malignancy chemotherapy practically from spineless creatures, for example, bryozoans, wipes, delicate corals, coelenterates, ocean fans, ocean bunnies, molluscs and echinoderms. In the previous 30 - 40 years, marine plants and creatures have been the focal point of overall endeavours to characterize the regular results of the marine condition. Numerous marine characteristic items have been effectively exceptional to the last phases of clinical preliminaries, including dolastatin-10, a group of peptides disengaged from Indian ocean rabbit, Dollabella auricularia. Ecteinascidin-743 from mangrove tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, Didemnins was isolated from Caribbean tunicate Trididemnum solidum and Conopeptides from cone snails (Conus sp.), and a developing number of up-and-comers have been chosen as promising leads for expanded pre-clinical appraisals. Sea anemones possess numerous tentacles containing stinging cells or cnidocytes. The stinging cells are equipped with small organelles known as nematocysts. The two species of sea anemones namely, Heteractis magnificaandStichodactyla haddoni, were collected from Mandapam coastal waters of Ramanathapuram district, Tamilnadu, India. The Nematocyst was collected and centrifuged, and the supernatant was lyophilized and stored for further analysis. The amount of protein from Heteractis Magnifica and Stichodactyla haddoni was estimated. The crude extract has shown haemolytic activity on chicken blood and goat blood. In the antibacterial activity of the sea anemone against six bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhii, Salmonella paratyphii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibacterial activity of H. Magnifica and S.haddoni was measured as the radius of the zone of inhibition.

Screening and evaluation of Terminalia catappa and its compound application

Plant determined medications remains an important source, particularly in creating countries, to look at genuine sicknesses roughly 62-80% of the total populace although everything depends on conventional medication for the therapy of specific disease. Indeed, plants produce a various scope of bioactive atoms creation them an ironic wellspring of an alternate kind of drugs. There are hardly any reports and utilization of plants in conventional mending by either ancestral individuals or indigenous network. Rejuvenating plants are the wellspring of extraordinary monetary estimation of everywhere on over the world. Nature has the best word on us a rich plant riches, and an enormous number of assorted kinds of plants develop in various pieces of the nation. Homegrown medication is as yet a pillar of around 75 to 85% the entire populace and the significant aspect of the conventional therapy the utilization of the plant extricate and the dynamic constituents. Among the 7000 types of rejuvenating plants perceived everywhere on over the world in excess of 9000, valuable medicinal plants are found in India. Unfortunately, just not many of them are utilized for their therapeutic worth. Around 1500 plants systematically utilize the conventional arrangement of Indian medication. Notwithstanding, the ethanopharmacologist, microbiologist, botanist and common item physicist world over today, is continually still looking for therapeutic adequacy of the plants on the phytochemicals. Along these lines, the quest for the new phytochemical is the foremost significant important to research the primer phytochemical examination to Terminalia catappa and Syzygium jumbolanam.

The role of clinical pharmacist in enhancing the health-related quality of life in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is potentially airborne severe infectious disease which requires long term treatment. It considerably affects the physical and mental health quality of the patient’s life. Appropriate patient counselling with the help of Patient Information Leaflet will help to improve the patient’s quality of life and overall treatment outcome. To enhance the health related quality of life in pulmonary tuberculosis patients by providing patient counselling with the aid of patient information leaflet. An interventional study was carried out for six months in 80 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis from the OP & IP of Tuberculosis and Chest Department of a medical college hospital. The HRQoL was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. Appropriate patient counselling was provided with the help of Patient Information Leaflet. In our study, a total of 80 patients were enrolled, out of which 49[61%] were Out-patients, and 31[39%] were In-patients. All the 8 sub domains of the SF-36 survey show statistical significance with improvement in 2nd Visit (after counselling) when compared with the baseline visit. The demographic variables like smoking, low socioeconomic status, allergies, family history show statistically significant association with overall HRQoL. The HRQOL of the pulmonary tuberculosis patients were initially low before the start of Anti-TB therapy, after providing proper patient counselling using patient information leaflet the HRQoL scores were found to be increased on the subsequent re-visits, which implies the need of proper patient counselling and follow-up in PTB for the better quality of life.

Role of community pharmacy in public health

Currently, in every country, community pharmacists play an essential role as they take responsibility for access to healthcare for the medicine-related needs of patients. In India, however, only the provision of medicines remains the central movement of the group pharmacist. In the country, patient-oriented treatment is still rarely given by most community pharmacists. As domestic medicine development and national healthcare expenditure rise rapidly, the role of pharmacists in society and, with it, their management of medicines will change. The aim of this editorial is to examine the genesis of the private-owned Indian community pharmacy and to outline its education, training and prospects.

Hypolipidemic activity of parts of Luffa aegiptiaca in poloxomer induced hyperlipidemia

Cholesterol and lipids are the major class of metabolites that are used to store high energy in the form of fats in the body. They are often stored in specific places in the system and some times misplaced in the bloodstream and other areas leading to metabolic disorders. The elevation in their quantities in serum is often termed as Hyperlipidemia. It affects most the worlds population adversely and is the causative factor for many comorbidities. Usually, medicinal plants exhibit the activities which are mainly due to the chemical constituents in them that are mostly phenols and flavonols. The plant Luffa aegiptiaca was investigated for its hyperlipidemic activity in high-fat diet-induced diabetes method. The results showed hyperlipidemic activity by lowering the lipid levels in the serum Four parts of the plant Luffa aegiptiaca were investigated for the antihyperlipidemic activity by extracting them with ethanol. These were tested for the lipid reducing property in the rat models induced by poloxamer drug. There was a successful induction of the Hyperlipidemia in the animals. The extracts showed a significant activity int his model. Fruits and leaves showed the best activity compared to other parts.

Assessment of knowledge and risk factors about gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women in a tertiary care hospital

Proper Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) management is important for better health outcomes. Knowledge and education are key components for better treatment and diabetes control. In patients with GDM, poor health literacy may be there which is associated with poor diabetic control and require educational program to improve health outcomes. A risk factor is any characteristic of an individual that can increase the likelihood of developing a disease. Risk factor assessment is usually recommended in many populations in early pregnancy. The prospective study was conducted for 6 months to assess knowledge and risk factors associated with gestational diabetes in 58 pregnant women using KAP questionnaire from WINGS project. The study found that knowledge among non GDM patients was poor when compared to GDM patients. Family history and obesity were found to be the major risk factors for development of gestational diabetes. So the future direction should focus on early prediction and effective preventive measures before GDM develops. Therefore a need for patient counseling is essential to reduce the GDM patients in future.

Physico-chemical analysis of selected industrial effluents and its treatment using novel biocarbon

In the present research work, Industrial effluents from a sugar industry, thermal power plant and a leather industry wastewater are collected in selected locations in Chennai region during January 2018 to December 2019. In the present research work, the following essential physico-chemical parameters such as colour, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, TSS, TH, DO, BOD, COD and metals such as calcium and magnesium, anions of chloride, sulphate and nitrate was determined. In addition, selected heavy metals for instance Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr which are commonly found in the industrial wastewater is quantified for assessing the level of pollution load in the wastewater. In the present research work, the removal of heavy metal pollutants and the organic load was carried out using AIBC as adsorbent and the results indicates that, in sugar, thermal power plant and leather industry wastewater, the percent removal of Cu is 91.23, 90.32 and 81.12 and Cd is 92.34, 94.64 and 92.20, Pb is 93.64, 95.15 and 90.74, Ni is 90.59, 94.79 and 82.31 and Cr is 93.85, 92.38 and 84.95 respectively. In the present investigation, the use of biocarbon produced from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis and interfaced with alumina as support material was used as an effective, low-cost and inexpensive material for the removal of heavy metals Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr from selected industrial effluent for the treatment of wastewater.

A Review on Microsponge Drug Delivery System

A Microsponge (MS) is an extremely interconnected, permeable, polymeric structure that involves permeable microparticles trapping and discharging through the skin for a considerable time period. Drug delivery system (DDS) offer extended discharge with less degradation, improved physical stability along with better tolerance. The main intend of any DDS is to achieve the required amount of drug in plasma to produce the desired therapeutic and non-poisonous effect over a prolonged period of time. Specific methods for preparing MS were reviewed in this current investigation, and their pharmaceutical implementations were signed. MS have major DDS point of interest. It also improves stability, increased flexibility in formulation and increased elegance. In fact, numerous studies have reported that MS supplies are not allergic, mutagenic, and poisonous. MS creativity is used in products such as sunscreen, prescription, cosmetics, and OTC skin care. This inquiry primarily focuses on the different methods used to identify, plan and exploit MS.

A Review of Microvascular Complications

Complications of Diabetes mellitus include chronic damage, dysfunction and disappointment of various organs mainly affecting the eyes, kidneys, heart and blood vessels. Various minerals and vitamins acts as cofactors in regulation of insulin secretion and action ,among which magnesium dramas a key role. Magnesium is an essential mineral and plays a major role in carbohydrate metabolism. It acts as a co-factor in glucose transport mechanism and for various intracellular enzymes involved in carbohydrate oxidation. Deficiency of magnesium results in increase in insulin resistance and decrease in glucose uptake of the cells in the body. Serum magnesium levels in healthy individuals are constant, but 25 to 39% people with Type 2DM have low levels of magnesium. Hypomagnesemia has been found to have deleterious effect on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in Type 2DM. Low levels of magnesium have also been attributed to the progression and development of micro and macrovascular difficulties in Type 2DM.