scholarly journals WORD IN HUMAN VOCABULARY: AGE ASPECT OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Лариса Олеговна Бутакова
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Stimulus List

В статье обсуждаются объяснительные возможности психолингвистических экспериментов с одним и тем же стимульным списком в разных возрастных аудиториях и с одинаковыми информантами в разное время для установления характера и сложности смысловых связей в ментальном лексиконе носителя языка, которые связываются с возрастом, временем появления, функциональной значимостью феномена, обозначенного словом, в его жизни, а также возрастными и субъективными особенностями. The article discusses the explanatory possibilities of psycholinguistic experiments with the same stimulus list in different age audiences and with the same informants at different times to establish the nature and complexity of semantic connections in the mental vocabulary of a native speaker that are associated with age, time of occurrence, functional significance of the phenomenon indicated by the word in his life, age and subjective characteristics.

scholarly journals Measurement for accentedness, pause frequency/duration and nuclear stress placement in the EFL classroom

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Pedro Luis Luchini
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
The Other ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
Phonological Form ◽  
Group B ◽  
English Native Speaker ◽  
Teacher Centered ◽  
Stress Placement

This study reports on an experimental research carried out with 50 Spanish-L1 trainees, divided into 2 groups: A & B. Both groups were presented with a traditional-teacher centered approach based on controlled exercises (repetition, imitation), but group B added a communicative component in which students completed a battery of sequenced tasks with a focus on phonological form. Both groups recorded a speaking test before & after instruction which was used to measure and compare degrees of accentedness, frequency & duration of pauses and nuclear stress placement. Ten English-native-speaker-raters judged the recordings to determine the speakers’ degree of perceived accentedness. Two specialists, using inter-marker reliability, segmented the transcriptions of recordings and identified nuclear stress placement. Another two specialists identified empty pauses. Multivariate analysis was used to measure results. Overall, group B (learners exposed to the communicative component) obtained better results in all 3 parameters than the other group. Finally, some pedagogical implications for the teaching of L2 pronunciation in ELT contexts will be discussed. 

scholarly journals IMPROVING YOUNG LEARNERS’ LISTENING SKILL BY USING NURSERY RHYMES SONG

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aprilia Riyana Putri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
Listening Skill ◽  
Learning Language ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Learning English

Listening is one of the most important skill in learning language for young learners, because the first way to learn language start from learning how to listen. In learning English, most of young learners in Indonesia found some difficulties to listen directly from the native speaker or from the environment, such as from young learners’ school or from young learners’ family, it happened because English is still as the second language in Indonesia which is not use in daily life. Many media uses by most of schools in Indonesia to improve young leraners’ competencies in English, for example by using some application from smartphone or by using song. Here, the researchers choose nursery rhymes song as an alternative media in improving young learners’ listening skill. The experimental research design was employed. The experimental group was taught using nursery rhymes song while the control group was taught using the conventional method. There are two classes  in the same level at six grade level from SDUT BUMI KARTINI JEPARA participated in this study, they are from maroco and mesir class. The findings indicated that nursery rhymes song significantly improved the students’ listening skill toward learning English. This study concluded that nursery rhymes song is one of media that is very effective for improving young learners’ listening skill because young learners are very happy to learn English while singing the nursery rhymes song.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF LINGUISTIC STEGANOGRAPHIC TRIGGER-CONTAINERS FOR TEXT WATERMARKING PURPOSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Rodmonga Kondratyevna Potapova ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Dzhunkovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Potential Applications

The paper gives analysis of feasibility of using linguistic steganographic trigger-containers as means of linguistic-based text watermarking. The proposed approah is based on the previous experimental research in the context of Russian native speaker text juncture perception. It was posited that specific minimal text modifications addressed in the paper may be used as means of text watermarking with the aim of tracking the leak of information for the purposes of taking legal actions, enforcing non-disclosure agreements, and testing for internal vulnerabilities. There is analyzed the viability of altering paragraph juncture points in Russian texts and, through the use of the corresponding trigger-containers, usage of this alteration as a means of linguistic watermarking.

Functional significance of preserved color patterns of mollusks from the Gosport Sand (Eocene) of Alabama

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia H. Kelley ◽  
Charles T. Swann
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Life Mode ◽  
Molluscan Fauna ◽  
Excellent Preservation ◽  
Architectural Constraints

The excellent preservation of the molluscan fauna from the Gosport Sand (Eocene) at Little Stave Creek, Alabama, has made it possible to describe the preserved color patterns of 15 species. In this study the functional significance of these color patterns is tested in the context of the current adaptationist controversy. The pigment of the color pattern is thought to be a result of metabolic waste disposal. Therefore, the presence of the pigment is functional, although the patterns formed by the pigment may or may not have been adaptive. In this investigation the criteria proposed by Seilacher (1972) for testing the functionality of color patterns were applied to the Gosport fauna and the results compared with life mode as interpreted from knowledge of extant relatives and functional morphology. Using Seilacher's criteria of little ontogenetic and intraspecific variability, the color patterns appear to have been functional. However, the functional morphology studies indicate an infaunal life mode which would preclude functional color patterns. Particular color patterns are instead interpreted to be the result of historical factors, such as multiple adaptive peaks or random fixation of alleles, or of architectural constraints including possibly pleiotropy or allometry. The low variability of color patterns, which was noted within species and genera, suggests that color patterns may also serve a useful taxonomic purpose.

Complex Vesicles, Microtubules, and Cytoplasmic Filaments in the Endothelial Cells of Normal Dog Aorta

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
C. N. Sun ◽  
J. J. Ghidoni
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Aldehyde Fixation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Filaments

Endothelial cells in longitudinal and cross sections of aortas from 3 randomly selected “normal” mongrel dogs were studied by electron microscopy. Segments of aorta were distended with cold cacodylate buffered 5% glutaraldehyde for 10 minutes prior to being cut into small, well oriented tissue blocks. After an additional 1-1/2 hour period in glutaraldehyde, the tissue blocks were well rinsed in buffer and post-fixed in OsO4. After dehydration they were embedded in a mixture of Maraglas, D.E.R. 732, and DDSA.Aldehyde fixation preserves the filamentous and tubular structures (300 Å and less) for adequate demonstration and study. The functional significance of filaments and microtubules has been recently discussed by Buckley and Porter; the precise roles of these cytoplasmic components remains problematic. Endothelial cells in canine aortas contained an abundance of both types of structures.

Secondary Transfer Effect of Contact

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Pettigrew
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Transfer Effect ◽  
Evaluative Conditioning ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Secondary Transfer ◽  
Primary Reduction

This paper reviews the evidence for a secondary transfer effect of intergroup contact. Following a contact’s typical primary reduction in prejudice toward the outgroup involved in the contact, this effect involves a further, secondary reduction in prejudice toward noninvolved outgroups. Employing longitudinal German probability samples, we found that significant secondary transfer effects of intergroup contact exist, but they were limited to specific outgroups that are similar to the contacted outgroup in perceived stereotypes, status or stigma. Since the contact-prejudice link is bidirectional, the effect is inflated when prior prejudice reducing contact is not controlled. The strongest evidence derives from experimental research. Both cognitive (dissonance) and affective (evaluative conditioning) explanations for the effect are offered.

Review of Foundations of Experimental Research. 3rd ed.

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 805-805
Author(s):  
Roger E. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research
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