EFFICACY OF COMMERCIAL INSECTICIDE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF COWPEA POD BORER (MARUCA VITRATA) ON COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP) UNDER FIELD CONDITION IN CHITWAN, NEPAL

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available insecticides for management of cowpea pod borer to know about the effective and safe chemical insecticide to manage the cow pea pod borer. A total of five treatments; (i. Neemix (2ml/L), ii. Flubendamide 48% SC (2ml/L), iii. Spinosad 45% SC (3ml/L), iv. Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC(2ml/L) and v. control) were tested using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications for each treatment. The results showed that the Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC was most effective to reduce cowpea pod borer larva followed by Flubendamide 48% SC and Spinosad 45% SC. The damage of pod by cowpea pod borer was recorded the highest control plot (20.53%) whereas lowest fruit damage was recorded Chlorantraniliprole (5.18%) followed by Flubendamide (5.44%). Among the treatments, the highest yield was obtained with Chlorantraniliprole (11.22mt/ha) followed by Flubendamide (9.21mt/ha) and Spinosad (8.27/ha). Whereas the lowest yield was obtained with control plot (6.59mt/ha) followed by Neemix (7.09mt/ha) treated plots. The benefit-cost (B:C) ratio for all the treatments revealed that chlorantraniliprole @ 0.2ml/L was highly economical with a B:C of 1:62.14 followed by spinosad with 1: 21.91. The chlorantraniliprole resulted the lowest larval count, lowest fruit damage, highest yield and highest marginal B: C thus could be the best insecticide to manage cowpea pod borer.

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Effect of Planting Dates on Incidence of Legume Pod Borer (Maruca vitrata Geyer) on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Varieties in Samaru Kataf, Kaduna State

Nigeria Journal of Entomology ◽

10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.90 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 81-97

Author(s):

N Musa

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Block Design ◽

Maruca Vitrata ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Local Variety ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Pod Borer ◽

Legume Pod Borer ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

Field experiment was carried out during 2018 cropping season to evaluate the effect of planting dates on incidence of legume pod borer Maruca vitrata on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties. The treatments consist of five varieties of cowpea (local variety, SAMPEA 6, SAMPEA 7, SAMPEA 8 and SAMPEA 10) which were sown at three different dates, 7th (early), 24th (Mid) August and 7th (early) September, 2018. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. The number of M. vitrata larva on flowers, damaged pods and weight of grains were determined. The result showed that first sowing nearly August had less infestation by M. vitrata than those in mid August and differs significantly (P≤0.05) from those sown in September. All varieties sown in early and mid August had less M. vitrata infestation and produced higher grain yield of 533.33kg and 395.06 kg on SAMPEA 7 and SAMPEA 8, respectively compared to those sown in early September: 256.79 and 197.53 on SAMPEA 7 and SAMPEA 10, respectively. Local variety and SAMPEA 6 were the varieties with higher mean number of M. vitrata, higher pod damage and low grain yield. Therefore, SAMPEA 7 can be utilized in breeding program for the management of pod borer.

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Effect of spacing and fertilizer management on the yield and yield attributes of mukhikachu (Colocasia esculenta Schott.)

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v41i4.30703 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 713-723

Author(s):

S Akther ◽

F Ahmed ◽

MR Islam ◽

MA Hossen ◽

AHMM Rahman Talukder

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Recommended Dose ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Maximum Benefit ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Benefit Cost

Field experiments were carried out in the Agronomy field of BARI, Joydebpur, RARS, Jamalpur and RARS, Ishurdi during two consecutive kharif seasons of 2012 and 2013 to determine the suitable plant spacing and optimum fertilizer dose for higher yield of mukhikachu. Three levels of spacing viz., 60 cm x 60 cm, 60 cm x 45 cm and 60 cm x 30 cm and three levels of fertilizer dose viz., recommended dose (3000-96-27-81-18 kg ha-1 of CD-N-P-K-S), 25% less than the recommended dose and 25% higher than the recommended dose were used as treatment variables. The experiments were laid out in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that the closer spacing (60 cm x 30 cm) in combination with 25% higher than the recommended fertilizer dose gave the maximum edible yield of mukhikachu (two years average) at all locations (20.04 t ha-1, 20.75 t ha-1 and 16.63 t ha-1 at Joydebpur, Jamalpur and Ishurdi, respectively). The wider spacing (60 cm x 60 cm) coupled with 25% less than the recommended fertilizer dose produced the lowest yield (two years average). The maximum benefit- cost ratio (two years average) was obtained from the combination of the recommended fertilizer dose and 60 cm x 30 cm spacing, that were 2.93 at Joydebpur and 3.42 at Ishurdi, while at Jamalpur the maximum benefit-cost ratio (two years average) was found maximum from 60 cm x 30 cm spacing with 25% higher than the recommended fertilizer dose (3.12).Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(4): 713-723, December 2016

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Existence of entomopathogen fungi, Beauveria bassiana as an endophyte in cacao seedlings

Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) ◽

10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i3.173 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 186-195

Author(s):

Endang Sulistyowati ◽

Febrilia Nur AINI

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Agent ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Pod Borer ◽

Fungal Entomopathogens ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Fungal Entomopathogen

Beauveria bassiana is one of the entomopathogen fungi which is known as biological control agent of cocoa pod borer and cocoa mirids (Helopeltis spp.). Because of its effectiveness in the fields is still not consistent, so we conduct a research with the objective to know the possibility of Beauveria bassiana to be established as a endophyte. Various fungal entomopathogens have already been reported as endophytes and the various methods used to inoculate the plants with B. bassiana were partially effective. The research has been conducted in laboratory of Plant Protection, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute by inoculating of cocoa seeds and cocoa nursery with B. bassiana suspension. The trial was arranged by randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement. The factor were spore concentration of B. bassiana (0; 2; and 4 g/ 10 l) and cocoa varieties (family of ICS 60, TSH858, and hybrid). The trial were use four replications. The results showed that the fungal entomopathogen B. bassiana was established as an endophyte in cocoa seedling, both from cocoa seeds and nursery application. Percentage of existence of B. bassiana colonies as endophytes one month after seeds application were ICS 60 amounted to 93.3 % both on concentration treatments, while the families of TSH 858 by 80 % and 86.67 % respectively in 2 g and 4 g per 10 l of B. bassiana spores concentration treament.. The lowest percentage was in hybrids, which amounted to 66.67% and 50%. B. bassiana colonies was exixtence as an endophyte in culture from root, stem and leaves of cocoa seedling up to 5 months post inoculation. While the application on nursery by soil drenshing, leaf spraying, and stem injection , it was known that B. bassiana colonies were found in the tissues of leaves, stems, and roots until two months after application. Colonies of B. bassiana as endophytes still exsist until six weeks after nursery was planted in the field.

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Performance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties with and without straw-mulch at Shankharapur, Kathmandu, Nepal

Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources ◽

10.3126/janr.v3i2.32506 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 193-204

Author(s):

Kalyani Shrestha ◽

Shrawan Kumar Sah ◽

Reeti Singh ◽

Yam Narayan Devkota

Keyword(s):

Tuber Yield ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Block Design ◽

Medium Size ◽

Tuber Weight ◽

Potato Varieties ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Crop Varieties ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Benefit Cost

The suitability of crop varieties in a particular location determines the productivity of crops. A field experiment was conducted from February to May 2020 at Shankharapur, Kathmandu, Nepal to evaluate the growth and productivity of potato varieties with and without mulch. Five potato varieties (Cardinal, Janakdev, Khumal Bikas, MS- 42.3, Panauti Local) were evaluated under straw-mulch and no-mulch conditions. The treatments were arranged in two factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The results revealed that the highest tuber yield was produced by Janakdev (34.29 t ha-1) followed by Panauti Local (29.52 t ha-1). Similarly, straw-mulch gave higher yield (25.9 t ha-1) as compared with no mulch condition (21.73 t ha-1). The higher tuber yield in the Janakdev and Panauti Local was because of higher tuber weight per hill, higher number and weight of medium size (50 -100 g) and oversize (> 100 g) tuber per hill. Similarly, higher yield in straw mulch was due to higher number and weight of tuber per hill. Higher gross return, net return was observed and the benefit cost ratioin varieties Janakdev (4.08) and Panauti Local (3.53) and rice straw mulch (2.88). Therefore, potato varieties Janakdev and Panauti Local with straw mulch are most suitable for Kathmandu like climate for improving productivity and profitability.

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Agro-Economic Performance of Intercropping Hybrid Maize with Vegetables and Spices at Farmer’s Field

Bangladesh Agronomy Journal ◽

10.3329/baj.v21i2.44495 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 73-78

Author(s):

MI Nazrul

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Hybrid Maize ◽

Benefit Cost ◽

Sylhet Region ◽

Equivalent Yield

The experiment was conducted at Multi Location Testing (MLT) site, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh during rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 to study the profitability of intercropping of hybrid maize with vegetables and spices. Five intercrop combinations of hybrid maize along with sole maize were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated six times. There were six treatments viz., T1: Maize + potato, T2: Maize + red amaranth, T3: Maize + spinach, T4: Maize+ data shak, T5: Maize + coriander and T6: Maize as sole. The grain yield of maize in intercropped combination varied significantly. The highest grain yield (9.71 t ha-1) was in sole maize. The highest maize equivalent yield 15.60 t ha-1 was recorded from the treatment T1 (100% maize + potato) whereas the lowest yield (8.61 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment T6 (sole maize). The highest gross return (Tk. 312000 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.29) was obtained from the treatment T1 (100% maize + potato). On the contrary, the lowest gross margin (Tk. 101600 ha-1) was obtained from treatment T2 (maize + red amaranth). It revealed that the combination of maize with potato was more compatible and profitable intercropping system in Sylhet region of Bangladesh Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(2): 73-78

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PENGARUH PENYARUNGAN DENGAN BERBAGAI KETEBALAN PLASTIK DAN DIAMETER BUAH TERHADAP SERANGAN PENGGEREK BUAH KAKAO Conopomorha cramerella (Snellen) (LEPIDOPTERA : GRACILLARIDAE)

AGRICA ◽

10.37478/agr.v7i2.412 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 142-153

Author(s):

NI MADE DELLY RESIANI

Keyword(s):

Field Trial ◽

Control Measure ◽

Block Design ◽

Medium Size ◽

Pod Borer ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Rot Disease

This research is aimed to find out the preference of cocoa pod borer to diameter, biophysical, and biochemistry cocoa pod; the percentage of infested pods, percentage of seed damaged, and percentage of yield lost. In addition, this research is also aimed to assess the effect of plastic thickness on cacao pod rot disease, the effect of sheathing on the black ant and mealybug populations on pods. This research was conducted at Selemadeg District, Tabanan Regency from October 2009 until January 2010. The field trial was arranged into randomized complete block design (RCBD) by 15 treatments were sheathing with various thickness of plastics (S0-S4) and cocoa pod diameters (B1-B3). The results indicated that, based on the percentage of the infested pod, cocoa pod borer has preferred the fruit with diameter > 4.5-7.5 cm. This condition may be contrasted, the smallest pod size (3,5-4,5 cm) was the healthiest pod, even though it contains more nutritionally compound. The smaller pod rot disease in red and green types. Sheathing by plastic of > 0.02 mm thick in medium size of pods was the most effective to prevent cocoa pod borer infestation. Sheathing with plastic was not affecting the population of both black ants and mealy bugs. Based on these results, it can be suggested that sheathing with plastic of > 0.02 mm thick on medium size of the pod is promising control measure to prevent yield lost caused by cocoa pod borer and cocoa pot rot disease.

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Evaluation of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) Genotypes for Commercial Production in the Central Mid hills Region of Nepal

Nepalese Horticulture ◽

10.3126/nh.v14i1.30604 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 43-47

Author(s):

Suprabha Pandey ◽

Surendra Lal Shrestha ◽

Ishwori Prasad Gautam ◽

Mira Dhakal ◽

Sangita Sapkota

Keyword(s):

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Block Design ◽

Commercial Production ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Green Color ◽

Plant Vigor ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Research Division ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Great Wall

The experiment on evaluation of open pollinated genotypes of Yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) was conducted during summer season of 2016 and 2017 at Horticulture Research Division, Khumaltar Lalitpur to assess the variability in the genotypes and yield potentiality for commercial production. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Six genotypes viz. Great Wall 01, Great Wall 02, Great Wall 03, Great Wall 04 and Great Wall 08 were compared with Khumal Tane. Observations were recorded on fresh pod yield and yield attributing parameters. The plant vigor and plant uniformity score (1-5 scale) was not found significantly different among the tested genotypes. The highest number of pods per plant (46) was observed on the variety Great Wall 03 and the lowest number of pods (33) on Great Wall 01 followed by Khumal Tane (39). The fresh pod yield was noted the highest with Great wall 03 (24 t/ha) followed by Great Wall 2 (19.4 t/ha). The lowest yield was observed with Khumal Tane (12.7 t/ha). Likewise, Great Wall 03 was found tender whitish with green color when it matures and spongy type of fruit with mid early maturity (85-95 days) along with long harvesting period of 30-35 days. Although Great Wall 02 scored 4.7 in plant uniformity (1-5 scale) and 4.4 in plant vigor (1-5 scale) it was characterized as thick fleshy and whitish green color at maturity with smooth straight type flesh having early maturity (70-80 days) which could gain the demand of the market early compared to most popular Khumal Tane. Thus, among all genotypes Great Wall 03 and Great Wall 02 were recorded best for further evaluation and recommendation.

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Verification of disease management technology on lentil against Stemphylium blight at farmer’s field in Nepal

Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources ◽

10.3126/janr.v1i1.22222 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 51-61

Author(s):

Subash Subedi ◽

Sarswati Neupane

Keyword(s):

Lens Culinaris ◽

Block Design ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Plot Size ◽

Management Technology ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Stemphylium Blight ◽

Benefit Cost

Technologies generated from lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) stemphylium blight (Stemphylium botryosum Walr) management experiments were verified at farmers field of 5 districts viz., Chitawan, Rautahat, Dang, Parsa and Banke during two winter seasons of 2013-2014 and 2014- 2015. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of treatments and replicated 4 times. The plot size was 340 m2 (1 Kattha) with 25 cm row to row spacing. There were altogether 3 factors of the experiment i.e. year (2013-2014 and 2014-2015), location (5 districts) and package of practice (improved and farmers practice). The higher crop yield (1142.50 kg/ha) with lower disease index (34.95%) and higher benefit cost ratio of 2.42 were recorded in the farmers field of Banke district following seed rate (30 kg/ha), 8 hour primed improved variety (Black lentil), fertilizer doze of (20:40:20 NPK kg/ha+ 1 kg/ha B basal doze) and subsequent 3 sprays of Dithane M-45 @ 2.5 g/l of water at 10 days interval.

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Sequential application of bio-pesticide, botanical and chemical insecticide to manage aphid and pod borer attacking yard long bean

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v42i3.34512 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 531-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MR Amin ◽

AA Tarif ◽

MM Rahman ◽

MM Hossain ◽

F Ge

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Pest Management ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Aphid Population ◽

Neem Oil ◽

Chemical Insecticide ◽

Pod Borer ◽

Population Reduction

Present study evaluated the effect of sequential application of a bio-pesticide (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki) (Bt), a botanical (neem oil) and a chemical insecticide (cypermethrin 25EC) as well as cypermethrin 25EC alone in the management of aphid (Aphis craccivora) and pod borer (Maruca vitrata) attacking yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis) in the field. In each treatment Bt, neem oil and cypermethrin were applied in alternative sequence as well as cypermethrin alone at 07 days intervals. All the treatments reduced aphid population and flower infestation after 24, 48 and 72h of treatment compared to untreated control. Aphid population reduction by the treatments over control was ranged from 34.4 to 71.9%, and the treatment with cypermethrin alone had the lowest abundance of aphid and flower infestation. The Bt followed by neem oil and cypermethrin significantly reduced the pod infestation by pod borer and increased yield (38.9–41.4%) over control with BCR: 1.85-2.16. Use of cypermethrin alone was most effective and showed the lowest pod infestation and revealed the increased yield over control (47.7%) with BCR 4.70. Considering the hazardous affect of cypermethrin alone, its application followed by bio-pesticide and botanical sequentially would be promising components for integrated pest management strategies against aphid and pod borer attacking yard long bean.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 531-538, September 2017

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Effect of foliar application of urea and planofix on the foliage yield of coriander

International Journal of Agricultural Research Innovation and Technology ◽

10.3329/ijarit.v5i1.24586 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 40-44

Author(s):

Abdur Rakib ◽

M Moniruzzaman ◽

M Hasan ◽

MM Rahman

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Tap Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Committee Member ◽

Postgraduate Study ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Application Frequency ◽

Advisory Committee Member ◽

Benefit Cost ◽

Principal Author

Note: The authorship was changed on 23.02.2016 FROM Abdur Rakib, M. Kamruzzaman1*, Soyema Khatun1 and M. Moniruzzaman2 TO Abdur Rakib1*, M. Moniruzzaman2, M. Hasan3 and M.M. Rahman3. The authorship is changed due to request of the principal author to add two co-authors of his major professor and advisory committee member of postgraduate study and two co-authors are excluded from the authorship and acknowledged them for their contribution in the manuscript.______________________________________________________________Abstract:An experiment on coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) was conducted at the experimental field of Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur during November 2012 to April 2013 to find out the suitable foliar doses and application frequency of urea and planofix (NAA). The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of six foliar dozes viz. T1 (Tap water as control), T2 (0.10 % urea), T3 (0.25 % urea), T4 (0.40 % urea), T5 (5 ppm planofix) and T6 (10 ppm planofix) and three application frequencies viz. F1 [20 days after sowing (20 DAS)], F2 (30 DAS) and F3 (20 and 30 DAS). Maximum foliage yield (6.94 t/ha) was recorded in 10 ppm planofix coupled with its twice application at 20 and 30 DAS which was closely followed the foliage yield (6.33 t/ha) by 5 ppm planofix with the same application frequency. The foliage yield was increased with the increase in urea concentration. The highest foliage yield (5.37 t/ha) was also recorded from twice application of urea and planofix at 20 and 30 DAS, respectively. Planofix 10 ppm with its twice application at 20 and 30 DAS gave the highest benefit-cost of ration 2.51.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 5 (1): 40-44, June, 2015

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