scholarly journals SOIL ORGANIC MATTER (SOM): STATUS, TARGET AND CHALLENGES IN NEPAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
J.J. Gairhe ◽  
S. Khanal ◽  
S. Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Fertilizer Use

Changes in soil organic matter (SOM) are slow and difficult to monitor, usually apparent after few decades. Recent changes in the agriculture had its influence on soil, including the soil organic matter content. About 60% of soil in Nepal now have low organic matter content. Agriculture Perspective Plan (APP) was focused more on the concept of green revolution to increase the chemical fertilizer inputs, however, the scenario is changing. Use of organic fertilizers is promoted extensively by government and different organizations with a target of increasing SOM content from 1.92% in 2015 to 4% by 2035. This paper aims at analysing the current status, targeted goal and the challenges faced in the augmentation of the soil organic matter using data available. Achieving this target requires an addition of extra 2.244 ton/ha of organic matter on a yearly basis for 20 years. The average amount of organic matter (2.5-3 ton/ha) applied is lesser than a single season grain harvest. 4.69% of sites had high soil organic matter in fiscal year 075/76 which slipped to 2.64% in 2076/77. The sites with low soil organic matter increased from 12.73% to 15.31%. The causes behind the SOM decline varies according to different agro-ecological zones like soil erosion, residue burning, imbalanced fertilizer use, defective FYM production etc. Findings suggest precise technologies required to be adopted to tackle with the different niche specific causes of soil fertility decline. Despite the complete nutrient content, bulky nature of organic fertilizers sets a major drawback regarding their transportation, distribution and commercialization. Government of Nepal is promoting organic fertilizer use by subsidizing their production cost by 50%. Following integrated nutrient management (INM) techniques, sustainable soil management practices (SSMP) and promotion of use of locally available resources can play a huge role in making the technology sustainable to the farmers.

Inter-relationships of Resistance to Penetration, Moisture and Soil Organic Matter with Irrigated Bean Yield in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Job Teixeira de Oliveira ◽  
Cassiano Garcia Roque ◽  
Rubens Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Rafael Montanari ◽  
Claudinei Martins Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Geostatistical Techniques ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) can be cultivated practically throughout the year in different regions of Brazil, provided there are no water and temperature limitations. This study was carried out in a Quartzarenic Neosol, in the municipality of Cassilândia, state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, in the 2016/2017 agricultural year. This study aimed to establish the linear and spatial interrelations of the penetration resistance (PR), gravimetric moisture (GM), and organic matter content (OM) with bean grain yield (GY) in the 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m soil layers, collected in a mesh of 117 georeferenced points [81 points of the base mesh (6 m spacing among points)] and 36 mesh points with higher density (2 m spacing among points). Data analysis was carried out by statistical and geostatistical techniques that enabled to note that the organic matter content correlates linearly and negatively with penetration resistance, indicating that soil management practices aiming to increase its profile improve its physical conditions and therefore the bean grain development and yield. The gravimetric moisture and soil organic matter content correlate spatially, directly, and linearly with bean grain yield, proving to be the best properties among those surveyed to estimate and increase its agricultural productivity.

scholarly journals Cropland soil organic matter content change in Northeast China, 1985-2005

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanmin Yao ◽  
Liming Ye ◽  
Huajun Tang ◽  
Pengqin Tang ◽  
Deying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Content Change

AbstractSoil organic matter (SOM) content is one of the most important indicators of soil quality and hence the productive capacity of soils. Northeast China (NEC) is the most important region in grain production in China. In this study,we assessed the spatiotemporal change of cropland SOM content in NEC using sampling data of 2005 and survey data of 1985. We also analysed the driving forces behind the SOM content change. Our results showed that SOM content decreased in 39% of all the cropland in NEC, while increase in SOM content was only detected on 16% of the cropland. SOM remained unchanged in nearly half (i.e. 45%) of the cropland. Our results also revealed that cropping intensity and fertilizer application were the two most important factors driving SOM change. Overall, results from this research provided novel details of the spatiotemporal patterns of cropland SOM content change in NEC which was not revealed in earlier assessments. The datasets presented here can be used not only as baselines for the calibration of process-based carbon budget models, but also to identify regional soil quality hotspots and to guide spatial-explicit soil management practices.

Utilization of Residu / Ampas Biogas Production from Bio-Slurry as Organic Fertilizer Resources

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Yusmiati Bppt ◽  
Bambang Singgih
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Semi Solid

Survey results show that the soil organic matter content is very low, i.e. less than 2% for paddy fields and about 2% for the fields. The decrease of soil organic matter content is thought to be caused by the way of agricultural cultivation that is less attention to the content of organic matter with the use of chemical fertilizers is very intensive. The use of organic fertilizer can be a solution to the problem. Bio-slurry generated from liquid biogas reactors tends to be semi-solid and has characteristics, which are light brown or green and tend to be dark; little or no gas bubbles content; odorless and insect less; textured sticky, tough, and not shiny. The bio-slurry composition consists of organic materials (18-27%) and inorganic materials (2-3%). The content of NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) in liquid bio-slurry consists of nitrogen (0.25%), phosphorus (0.13), and potassium (0.12%). While the content of NPK in dry (solid) bio-slurry consists of nitrogen (3.6%), phosphorus (1.8%), and potassium (3.6%). In addition, bio-slurry also contains other nutrients, namely amino acids, fatty acids, humic acid, vitamin B-12, auxin hormones, cytokines, antibiotics, and micronutrients such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and molybdenum (Mo). Benefits of bio-slurry is for organic fertilizer, bio-pesticide, biological fertilizer, plant growth regulator, animal feed, improving soil structure, increasing weed growth, increasing soil fertility and increasing soil microorganism activity.

scholarly journals Incremento de la materia orgánica del suelo y rendimiento de mango en Luvisoles, Campeche, México

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Juan Medina Méndez ◽  
Víctor Volke Haller ◽  
Arturo Galvis Spínola ◽  
José Isabel Cortés Flores ◽  
Ma. De Jesús Santiago Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content

The objective of this study was to determinate the effect of increasing soil organic matter on fruit yield of mango trees under irrigated conditions, in Luvisols of Campeche State, Mexico. In every 48 commercial orchards and five sites under natural forest vegetation, soil samples were taken in order to determine physical and chemical properties. Furthermore, in orchards sites, leaf sampling was carried out, and data on orchard management practices and fruit yield also were registered. The collected data was analyzed using regression analysis. From soil organic matter content in continues sole maize cropping system under rainfed agriculture or irrigated vegetables, soil organic matter content in mango orchards increased from 3.26% in a period since 1 to 5 years to 5.66% after a period of 16 to 30 years. In soil under natural forest vegetation, organic matter content was 5.36%. Increasing soil organic matter content and tree age, fruit yield increased by 9.5 t/ha after 26 to 30 years under cultivation. 

scholarly journals PENGARUH PUPUK ORGANIK BERBASIS AZOLLA, FOSFAT ALAM, DAN ABU SEKAM PADI TERHADAP HASIL KACANG TANAH DI ALFISOL

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Anandeya Satrio Sambodo ◽  
Sudadi Sudadi ◽  
Sumarno Sumarno
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content

<p>This research to determine the effect of azolla-based organic fertilizers, rock phosphate, and rice husk ash, and the best combination treatment to peanut yield on Alfisols. The experiment was conducted in April-November 2013 at the paddy fields of farmers in Sukosari village, Jumantono, Karanganyar District and in Laboratory of Soil Chemistry and Fertility and Soil Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture UNS for soil chemical and biological properties respectively. This experimental design used was Randomized Block Completely Design (RCBD) with 5 treatments and each repeated 5 times. Statistical analysis of the data using the F test at 5% level of confidence followed by DMRT if any signicant influence. The variabels observed were soil organic matter content, soil pH, total number of soil bacteria, plant height, number of root nodules, and seed weight. The results showed that there was significant differences among the treatments. The treatment of P1 (5 tons/ha azolla compost, 100 kg/ha phosphate rock and 75 kg/ha rice husk ash) provide the highest of soil organic matter content (4.31%) while P2 (5 tons/ha azolla compost, 50 kg/ha phosphate rock and 37.5 kg/ha rice husk ash) provide the highest dry seed yield (1011.09 kg/ha) which was 11.06 % higher than control treatment (910.38 kg/ha).</p>

scholarly journals Soil nitrogen supply of peat grasslands estimated by degree days and soil organic matter content

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-365
Author(s):  
J. Pijlman ◽  
G. Holshof ◽  
W. van den Berg ◽  
G. H. Ros ◽  
J. W. Erisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Supply

scholarly journals Effect of Clay, Soil Organic Matter, and Soil pH on Initial and Residual Weed Control with Flumioxazin

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Calvin F. Glaspie ◽  
Eric A. L. Jones ◽  
Donald Penner ◽  
John A. Pawlak ◽  
Wesley J. Everman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Soils

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil organic matter content and soil pH on initial and residual weed control with flumioxazin by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils. Initial control was determined by planting weed seeds into various lab-made and field soils treated with flumioxazin (71 g ha−1). Seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Setaria faberi (giant foxtail), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), and Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) were incorporated into the top 1.3 cm of each soil at a density of 100 seeds per pot, respectively. Emerged plants were counted and removed in both treated and non-treated pots two weeks after planting and each following week for six weeks. Flumioxazin control was evaluated by calculating percent emergence of weeds in treated soils compared to the emergence of weeds in non-treated soils. Clay content was not found to affect initial flumioxazin control of any tested weed species. Control of A. theophrasti, E. crus-galli, and S. faberi was reduced as soil organic matter content increased. The control of A. retroflexus was not affected by organic matter. Soil pH below 6 reduced flumioxazin control of A. theophrasti, and S. faberi but did not affect the control of A. retroflexus and E. crus-galli. Flumioxazin residual control was determined by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after treatment. Eight weeks after treatment, flumioxazin gave 0% control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi in all soils tested. Control of A. retroflexus and Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters) was 100% for the duration of the experiment, except when soil organic matter content was greater than 3% or the soil pH 7. Eight weeks after treatment, 0% control was only observed for common A. retroflexus and C. album in organic soil (soil organic matter > 80%) or when soil pH was above 7. Control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi decreased as soil organic matter content and soil pH increased. Similar results were observed when comparing lab-made soils to field soils; however, differences in control were observed between lab-made organic matter soils and field organic matter soils. Results indicate that flumioxazin can provide control ranging from 75–100% for two to six weeks on common weed species.

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