scholarly journals DAMAGING NATURE OF FALL ARMYWORM AND ITS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN MAIZE: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Shirisa Acharya ◽  
Subham Kaphle ◽  
Jaya Upadhayay ◽  
Abina Pokhrel ◽  
Sabina Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest which is arising as one of the major threats to agricultural crop production. It has around 80 host species that cause severe damage to cereals and vegetable crops. This pest was first discovered in Africa (2016) and first collected and reported in Nepal at Nawalparasi district on 9th may 2019. The larvae of FAW are found on young leaves, leaf whorls, tassels or cobs according to their growth stages. First instar larvae scrape leaves and shows pin-hole symptoms and window-pane feeding symptoms whereas in the later vegetative stages, damage results in skeletonised leaves and heavily windowed whorls. If climatic condition for pest establishment is suitable this pest could cause approximately 100% crop loss in maize if not managed in time. Regular scouting, push and pull method, black light traps, commonly available botanicals like neem locally available materials like ash and some recommended insecticides with recommended dose can be used for the control of fall armyworm. There is an urgent need for developing ecologically sustainable, economically profitable, and socially acceptable integrated pest management strategies to mitigate the impacts of the fall armyworm and not just rely on single management practice.

An Investigation of Credit Risk Management Strategies of Private Commercial Banks of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Abu Hanifa Md. Noman ◽  
Md. Amzad Hossain ◽  
Sajeda Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Credit Risk Management ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

Objective - The study aims to investigate credit risk management practices and credit risk management strategies of the local private commercial banks in Bangladesh. Methodology -The investigation is conducted based on primary data collected from a set of both closed end and open end questionnaire from 23 out of 39 local private commercial banks in Bangladesh. Descriptive statistics has been used in processing the data and interpreting the results. Findings - The results reveal that credit risk management practice of the sample banks is sound which is attributed to the appropriate implementation of Basel II and credit risk management guidelines the country's central bank. The findings further show that use of Credit risk grading is most popular and effective criteria for measuring the borrowing capacity of the borrowers. In order to control credit risk and preventing losses from credit exposure banks give more focus on collateralization, accurate loan pricing and third party guarantee. Loan is monitored properly and credit reminder is given to the client if principal and interest remain outstanding for three months. The study further reveals that lack of experienced and trained credit officers, lack of genuine market information and Lack of awareness regarding non-genuine borrower are the most important problems of current credit risk management practices in Bangladesh. Novelty - To the best of the knowledge of the authors the study is the first that investigates credit risk management strategies of private commercial banks, especially on Bangladesh. Type of Paper - Empirical Keyword : Bangladesh; Commercial Bank; Credit risk; Credit risk management; Credit risk management strategies.

Managerial Practices in a High Cost Manufacturing Environment

2018 ◽  
pp. 1749-1768
Author(s):  
Renu Agarwal ◽  
Christopher Bajada ◽  
Paul J. Brown ◽  
Roy Green
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Labour Cost ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
Management Capability

This chapter explores the management strategies adopted by manufacturing firms operating in high versus low cost economies and investigates the reasons for differences in the management practice choices. The study reported in this chapter identifies a subset of countries that have either high or low labour costs, with USA, Sweden, and Japan being high, and India, China, and Brazil being low labour cost economies. The high labour cost manufacturing firms are found to have better management practices. In this chapter, the authors find that Australia and New Zealand manufacturing firms face relatively high labour cost but lag behind world best practice in management performance. The chapter concludes by highlighting the need for improvement in management capability for Australian and New Zealand manufacturing firms if they are to experience a reinvigoration of productivity, competitiveness, and long-term growth.

scholarly journals Management of Flooding Effects on Growth of Vegetable and Selected Field Crops

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka Rao ◽  
Yuncong Li
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Flooding Hazards

The review of effects of excessive soil water on performance of various vegetable crops and selected field crops indicates that in areas where temporary flooding hazards are expected during the growing season, crops can be selected on their relative ability to tolerate excessive moisture. Field crops are generally less sensitive than vegetable crops in terms of yield. In addition to the choice of crop species, planting dates could be shifted when possible by delaying dates of sowing or planting to avoid probable periods of flooding during the sensitive growth stages. In most instances, crops are more sensitive at their early developmental phase than at the later stages in terms of yield. Soil management practices like ridging and furrowing or making raised beds before planting is recommended. In addition, amelioration with foliar application of chemicals like nutrients, growth hormones and fungicides is also recommended to overcome nutritional deficiencies, hormonal imbalances and disease infections. Every effort of amelioration should be exerted at the earliest opportunity, since water damage to crops becomes more severe with longer flooding duration.

scholarly journals Ethylene Differentially Modulates Hypoxia Responses and Tolerance across Solanum Species

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjon Hartman ◽  
Nienke van Dongen ◽  
Dominique M.H.J. Renneberg ◽  
Rob A.M. Welschen-Evertman ◽  
Johanna Kociemba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Hypoxia Acclimation ◽  
Wild Solanum

The increasing occurrence of floods hinders agricultural crop production and threatens global food security. The majority of vegetable crops are highly sensitive to flooding and it is unclear how these plants use flooding signals to acclimate to impending oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). Previous research has shown that the early flooding signal ethylene augments hypoxia responses and improves survival in Arabidopsis. To unravel how cultivated and wild Solanum species integrate ethylene signaling to control subsequent hypoxia acclimation, we studied the transcript levels of a selection of marker genes, whose upregulation is indicative of ethylene-mediated hypoxia acclimation in Arabidopsis. Our results suggest that ethylene-mediated hypoxia acclimation is conserved in both shoots and roots of the wild Solanum species bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara) and a waterlogging-tolerant potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar. However, ethylene did not enhance the transcriptional hypoxia response in roots of a waterlogging-sensitive potato cultivar, suggesting that waterlogging tolerance in potato could depend on ethylene-controlled hypoxia responses in the roots. Finally, we show that ethylene rarely enhances hypoxia-adaptive genes and does not improve hypoxia survival in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We conclude that analyzing genes indicative of ethylene-mediated hypoxia acclimation is a promising approach to identifying key signaling cascades that confer flooding tolerance in crops.

Economic and environmental linear optimization model of crop production in selected regions of Slovakia

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tatiana Svetlanská ◽  
Natália Turčeková ◽  
Rastislav Skalský
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Linear Optimization ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Linear Optimization Model

AbstractFor the agricultural industry in Slovakia, the dominating sector is crop production. The major part of arable land is devoted to the cultivation of cereals (57%), feed crops (20%) and industry crops (19%).The aim of this paper is to model the distribution of crop management practices in selected regions of Slovakia and identify the net return for four selected crops in these regions. We use integrated modelling framework which incorporates bio-physical and economic data to identify opportunity costs of agricultural production choices. We delineate homogenous response units (HRU) and aggregate them on regional level as the model is constrained by land endowment in particular region. The results suggest that highest yields and thus high returns are achieved in case of management practice with high nitrogen input and irrigation. The high input management causes environmental pressures on soils, therefore its enforcement in regions is not desirable. The solution might appear in policy premiums for low input management practices.

The change in winter wheat response to deoxynivalenol and Fusarium Head Blight through technological and agronomic progress

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoxi Xia ◽  
Arthur W. Schaafsma ◽  
Felicia Wu ◽  
David C. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Head Blight

Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat causes yield loss, quality reduction, and mycotoxin contamination in temperate wheat production areas worldwide. The objective of this study was to quantify the progress of agronomic and FHB management strategies during the past two decades on FHB suppression and agronomic performance of winter wheat in environments favorable for FHB. Field experiments were conducted in environments typical in FHB epidemics for comparing common agronomic and FHB management practices used in the 1996 era compared to those used in 2016. The experiments included a comparison of 3 different nitrogen fertilizer (N) application rates, 6 old (1996-era) and new (modern-era) winter wheat cultivars representing combinations of susceptibility-eras to FHB, with and without a fungicide applied at flowering (pydiflumetofen + propiconazole). To mimic environments favorable for infection (similar to 1996 in Ontario, Canada), plots were challenged at 50% anthesis with a F. graminearum macroconidia suspension followed by mist irrigation. The modern management strategy of using moderately resistant cultivars, a fungicide applied at flowering, and a high rate of N fertilizer reduced total deoxynivalenol by 67%, reduced Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) by 49%, reduced FHB Index by 86%, increased grain test weight by 11% and increased grain yield by 31% compared to the standard management practice of seeding highly susceptible (HS) cultivars with no fungicide and a lower rate of fertilizer N recommended in the 1996 era. This study enabled a published economic assessment of the return on investment for the improvements in cultivars, fungicide and N applications since 1996.

Livestock grazing management and biodiversity conservation in Australian temperate grassy landscapes

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dorrough ◽  
A. Yen ◽  
V. Turner ◽  
S. G. Clark ◽  
J. Crosthwaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Grazing Strategies

There is an increasing interest in the development of livestock grazing management strategies that achieve environmental sustainability and maintain or improve the long-term production capacity of commercial grazing systems. In temperate Australia, these strategies are generally focussed on reducing perennial pasture decline, soil loss, acidity, and salinity. An additional challenge facing land managers and researchers is developing grazing strategies that also maintain and enhance local and regional biodiversity. However, few studies have assessed the compatibility of management practices for maintaining long-term productivity and biodiversity conservation. We still have only a very basic understanding of the effects of different grazing strategies and pasture management on biodiversity and this is a major impediment to the development of appropriate and compatible best management practice. We argue that although there is an increasing desire to find management strategies that protect and enhance biodiversity without hindering long-term agricultural production, in many cases this may not be possible. Current knowledge suggests that compatibility is most likely to be achieved using low-input systems in low productivity (fragile) landscapes, whereas in highly productive (robust) landscapes there is less opportunity for integration of productive land-use and biodiversity conservation. There is an urgent need for improved communication and collaboration between agronomic and ecological researchers and research agencies to ensure that future programs consider sustainability in terms of biodiversity as well as pasture and livestock productivity and soil and water health.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes of Turfgrass in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Okki Mwamula ◽  
Dong Woon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Ground Cover Plant ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes are not only an important constraint on agricultural crop production, but also cause both direct and indirect damage to turfgrass, which is a ground cover plant. However, studies on plant-parasitic nematodes of turfgrass in Korea are scarce. A survey for plant-parasitic nematodes was carried out on 13 golf courses in Korea. The results yielded 28 species/taxa belonging to 16 genera and 12 families of plant-parasitic nematodes. Among the isolated species, <i>Helicotylenchus microlobus</i>, <i>Mesocriconema</i> <i>nebraskense</i>, <i>Tylenchorhynchus claytoni</i>, <i>Mesocriconema</i> sp., and <i>Meloidogyne graminicola</i> were the most prevalent species in all management zones. Twelve species were new records of plant-parasitic nematodes in Korea. Highest maximum densities were showed by <i>T. claytoni</i>, <i>Paratylenchus nanus</i>, <i>M. nebraskense</i>, <i>M. graminicola</i>, and <i>H. microlobus</i>. Diversity (<i>H’</i>), was significantly higher in fairways compared to tees and greens, though species evenness (<i>J’</i>) and dominance (<i>D</i>) showed no statistically significant differences. This information is crucial in nematode problem diagnosis, and the subsequent formulation of management strategies.

scholarly journals Soybean Leaf Age and Plant Stage Influence Expression of Resistance to Velvetbean Caterpillar and Fall Armyworm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Henrique Sardinha de Souza ◽  
Eduardo N. Costa ◽  
Zulene A. Ribeiro ◽  
Bruno Perlatti ◽  
Mara C. P. Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Antibiosis Resistance

Abstract Numerous species of herbivorous insects are associated with soybeans, including the specialist velvetbean caterpillar (VBC), Anticarsia gemmatalis, and the generalist fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda. Expression of plant resistance is influenced by factors intrinsic to host plants, such as leaf age and plant stage, which can differentially affect specialist and generalist insects due to varying levels of plant defense and corresponding insect adaptation. In this study four experiments were carried out to test the hypotheses that levels of antibiosis-resistance to VBC and FAW in the resistant genotype PI 227687 and susceptible genotype IGRA RA 626 RR are related to leaf age and plant stage of soybean. Furthermore, the concentrations of nutrients and selected flavonoids were quantified to give insights on possible chemical mechanisms underlying the resistance. As results, development of VBC and FAW were negatively affected when larvae fed leaves of the resistant genotype, older leaves from the lower part of plants, or leaves from reproductive-stage soybeans. The effects were partly different for each insect species, and the generalist FAW was more affected by higher resistance levels in the older leaves of soybean than the specialist VBC. Distribution and concentrations of nutrients and flavonoids in soybean in function of leaf age and plant stage may explain the varying levels of antibiosis-resistance to VBC and FAW. These results can benefit developments of specific protocols for screening resistant soybean genotypes and pest management strategies focused in plant parts and growth stages that insect-resistance levels are lowest.

Managerial Practices in a High Cost Manufacturing Environment

2014 ◽  
pp. 268-289
Author(s):  
Renu Agarwal ◽  
Christopher Bajada ◽  
Paul J. Brown ◽  
Roy Green
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Labour Cost ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
Management Capability

This chapter explores the management strategies adopted by manufacturing firms operating in high versus low cost economies and investigates the reasons for differences in the management practice choices. The study reported in this chapter identifies a subset of countries that have either high or low labour costs, with USA, Sweden, and Japan being high, and India, China, and Brazil being low labour cost economies. The high labour cost manufacturing firms are found to have better management practices. In this chapter, the authors find that Australia and New Zealand manufacturing firms face relatively high labour cost but lag behind world best practice in management performance. The chapter concludes by highlighting the need for improvement in management capability for Australian and New Zealand manufacturing firms if they are to experience a reinvigoration of productivity, competitiveness, and long-term growth.

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