scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of leaf of Plumeria rubra in albino rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanapal Venkatachalam ◽  
Samuel Thavamani B. ◽  
Muddukrishniah .
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Plumeria Rubra

Objective: Plumeria rubra is an important traditional medicinal plant used in various ailments and the indigenous plant as a medicament for treatment of various inflammatory conditions is well documented in literature. The analgesic activity was evaluated by hot-plate and acetic acid induced writhing methods.Methods: The leaves of P. rubra were collected from the local area in and around Palakkad, Kerala (India). About 1500 g of the powder was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus for 12 h using 5.0 L of Ethanol as solvent. The test extracts was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg while Pentazocine (5 mg/kg) and diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg) served as standards.Results: The ethanolic extract of 200 mg/kg having significant analgesic activity in Acetic acid induced abdominal writhing response and percentage of inhibition (PI) (p<0.01 )when compared to control.. The Ethanolic extract of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg exhibited significant analgesic activity in the hot plate method (p<0.001) by increasing the pain reaction time (PAT) of the rats to  sec 7.25±0.38 at 45 min after treatment in comparison to control (4.08±13).Conclusions: The results suggest that ethanolic extracts of P. rubra possesses potent analgesic properties, which support its use in traditional medicine and suggesting that the plant should be further investigated for its pharmacological active natural products.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF FLOWERS OF PLUMERIA ALBA LINN IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-174
Author(s):  
SATHIYA VINOTHA AT ◽  
UMAMAGESWARI MS ◽  
UMAMAHESWARI A ◽  
VELARUL S
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Pain Reaction ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Objective: Plumeria alba (Apocynaceae), commonly known as “Frangipani” is an important medicinal plant, widely distributed throughout Southern India. In the traditional medicinal system, different parts of this plant have been mentioned to be useful in a wide variety of diseases. In this study, analgesic activity of aqueous and alcoholic extract of flowers of P. alba Linn was evaluated by hot-plate and acetic acid-induced writhing methods to substantiate and expand its clinical applications. Methods: The flowers of P. alba were collected from the local area in and around Coimbatore (India). The flowers were dried, powdered, and were extracted using soxhlet apparatus for 12 h using water and 95% of ethanol as a solvent. The test extracts were administered orally at a dose of 100 & 200 mg/kg while diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg) served as standard. Results: The ethanolic flower extract of 200 mg/kg had significant analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing response (***p<0.001) when compared to control and standard drug diclofenac. It also exhibited significant analgesic activity (***p<0.001) by increasing the pain reaction time of the rats in comparison to control and standard in hot plate method. Conclusion: The results suggest that ethanolic flower extracts of P. alba possess potent analgesic properties, which support its use in traditional medicine and suggesting that the plant should be further investigated for its pharmacological active natural products.

scholarly journals A Study of Analgesic and Antimicrobial Potential of Mitragyna Parvifolia

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik D. ◽  
Khokra S. L. ◽  
Khokra S. L. ◽  
Kaushik P. ◽  
Saneja A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
E Coli

The present study was designed to evaluate the analgesic and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extract of leaves of Mitragyna parvifolia plant (Rubiaceae) family. The analgesic activity was carried out on swiss albino male mice by Eddy’s hot plate and Acetic acid induced writhing test. The extract showed only moderate analgesic potential in acetic acid induced writhing test at all the test doses while the extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg (P less than 0.01) showed strong analgesic activity comparable to standard drug Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/Kg, i.p.) in hot plate method. The extract in different concentrations was also tested for antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method. The extract significantly inhibited S. aureus and showed some degree of inhibition against P. aeruginosa and E. coli.

scholarly journals A Original Article ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF BARK AND LEAVES OF FICUS RELIGIOSA L. FROM NEPAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
DHARMA RAJ MARASINI ◽  
JITENDRA PANDEY ◽  
LAXMAN PAUDEL SHARMA ◽  
LAXMI PAUDEL ◽  
ROSHNI GYAWALI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Ficus Religiosa ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Objective: Because of adverse side effects, caused by NSAIDs, tolerance, and dependence induced by opiates, the use of these analgesic agents has not been successful in all cases. Therefore, alternative analgesic drugs from plant sources are the new target now days. The objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic activity of ethanolic extracts of stem barks and leaves of Ficus religiosa. Methods: The analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of stem barks and leaves was evaluated in the Swiss albino mice model using acetic acid-induced writing response and Eddy’s hot plate method. Analgesic activity was demonstrated with the percentage inhibition of acetic acid induced writings and the percentage increased in latency time of paw licking. The potency of test extracts was compared with standard drug, Diclofenac. Results: Ethanolic extract of leaves and bark of F. religiosa showed potential analgesic activity from both methods. From Eddy’s hot plate model, it was observed that the percentage of increased latency time at 90 min by ethanolic extract of leaves and stem bark was found to be 70.81 % (8.54 min) and 70.78 % (8.53 min) respectively at a dose of 400 mg/kg. Both of these results are statistically significant (p<0.05) as compared to the test group. Furthermore, both of these extracts showed the dose-dependent and time-dependent increased in latency time and these results are compared to that of standard drug Diclofenac. Similarly, ethanolic extract of leaves and stem at 400 mg/kg significantly inhibited the number of writhings induced by acetic acid. The percentage inhibition of writhings by ethanolic extract of leaves at a dose of 400 mg/kg was 68.47 % which was similar to that of standard drug Diclofenac (68.47 %). However, ethanolic extract of bark showed relatively lower percentage inhibition (60.79 %) as compared to leaf extract and standard, but the result was significant as compared to that of the test group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ethanolic extracts of F. religiosa stem bark and leaf possess both central and peripheral analgesic properties and these effects may be beneficial for the management of pain.

scholarly journals Synthesis and evaluation of possible mechanism of anti nociceptive potential of novel 2-quinolone fused 3,5-pyrazolidinedione derivatives in experimental animal models

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Abhishek Tiwari ◽  
Anita Singh
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Diethyl Malonate ◽  
Plate Model ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Experimental Animal Models ◽  
Drug Compound

AbstractIn the present synthesis a series of 1-(1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)-2-substituted phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-diones were prepared. By the reaction of N-methylbenzenamine with diethyl malonoate 4-hydroxy-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one were prepared, which on treatment with posphoryl chloride converted into 4-chloro-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one. Subsequently with substituted phenyl hydrazines 1-methyl-4-(2- substitutedphenylhydrazinyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one were obtained, which on reaction with diethyl malonate gave 1- (1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)-2-substituted phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-diones. All structures were characterized by IR, 1HNMR & mass spectrometry. Further all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-nociceptive activity in mice by Eddy’s hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing response. All compounds have shown the activity. In hot plate model compounds QAA-04c and QAA-04d have given more activity than standard, whereas in case of acetic acid induced writhing model compounds QAA-04a and QAA- 04d have given significant analgesic activity which is comparable with the standard drug. Compound QAA-04b has shown least analgesic activity. Compound QAA-04a was almost equal in activity to the standard drug diclofenac sodium and was considered as the lead molecule.

scholarly journals Scientific Approaches in Screening the Analgesic property of Sida Cordata

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 1252-1262
Author(s):  
Srinivasan K ◽  
◽  
Sivakumar T ◽  
Kiruthiga N ◽  
Haja Sherief S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Indian Medicine

Pain is likely the most common symptomatic complaint in medicine; an understanding of its mechanism is critical to interpret it. Nociception refers to the detection of noxious stimuli by nociceptors, followed by transduction and transmission of the sensory nervous information from the periphery to the brain. Plants have played a unique holistic role for the provision of food, drugs, clothing, shelter, etc. Natural compounds have been extensively explored for new drug discoveries. Indeed, plants have been used as medicines for more than 5000 years, as a source of antibiotics, antineoplastic, analgesics, cardioprotective, among others. About 70–90% of the population in developing countries continue to use ancient medicines based on plant extracts. Sida cordata popularly known as “bala” is regarded as a valuable drug in the Ayurvedic System of Indian Medicine. In order to validate the ethnomedical claim of Sida cordata as pain reliever, a study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of Sida cordata whole plant in laboratory animals. For centrally mediated analgesic activity, eddy’s hot plate method was employed and Pentazocine was uses as reference control. For peripherally mediated analgesic activity, acetic acid induced writhing model was employed and Dicofenac was used as reference control. Sida cordata ethanolic extract was administered orally at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. In eddy’s hot plate method, both the doses of Sida cordata significantly increased the reaction time compare to vehicle control. In acetic acid induced writhing test, both the doses of Sida cordata significantly reduced the number of writhing compare to vehicle control. In both the models, the effect produced by Sida cordata was comparable to that of respective reference control. The results obtained suggest that the ethanolic extract of Sida cordata has showed marked analgesic activity in experimental animal models and this strappingly supports the ethnopharmacological applications of the plant for the target activity.

scholarly journals Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and GC-MS Studies onCastanospermum australeA. Cunn. & C. FraserexHook.

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thankarajan Sajeesh ◽  
Thangaraj Parimelazhagan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties ofCastanospermum australeand to profile phytochemicals by GC-MS. The ethanolic extracts were prepared by successive solvent extraction using Soxhlet apparatus. The analgesic activity was analyzed by hot plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing test whereas anti-inflammatory study was done by carrageenan induced paw oedema model. The acute toxicity study revealed that ethanol extracts of leaf and bark ofC. australewere safe even at a higher dose of 2000 mg/kg whereas ethanol extract of seed was toxic at the same dose. In both hot plate method (5.85 s) and acetic acid-induced writhing test (57%), the leaf ethanol extract exhibited significant analgesic activity (P<0.001) at a dose of 400 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract was exhibited by the reduction in paw linear diameter by 64.76% at 400 mg/kg in carrageenan induced paw oedema. The GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract of leaf revealed sixteen major compounds of which 1,7-dimethyl-4,10-dioxa-1,7-diazacyclododecane, (+)-N-methylephedrine, and permethylspermine were found to be pharmaceutically and the most important. These findings justify thatC. australecan be a valuable natural analgesic and anti-inflammatory source which seemed to provide potential phytotherapeutics against various ailments.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF MURRAYA KOENIGII AND CORIANDRUM SATIVUM LEAVES EXTRACT IN ANIMAL MODEL.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Kartik Salwe J ◽  
Mirunalini R ◽  
Jervin Mano ◽  
Manimekalai K
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

 Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii and Coriandrum sativum leaves and compared it with standard drug in an animal model.Methods: Hydroalcoholic extracts of M. koenigii and C. sativum leaves were obtained using Soxhlet apparatus. The central analgesic property was screened by hot plate method in mice and tail flick method in rats. The pain reaction time (PRT) was measured at 30, 60, and 120 min. The peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing in mice.Results: In hot plate method M. koenigii leaves extract at both doses and tramadol showed significant increase in PRT at 30, 60, and 120 min compared with control group. C. sativum leaves extract showed significant increase in PRT only at 60 and 120 min compared to control group. In tail flick method M. koenigii leaves extract at both doses, higher dose of C. sativum leaves extract and tramadol showed significant increase in PRT at 30, 60, and 120 min compared with control group. Higher dose of M. koenigii leaves extract (200 mg/kg) was comparable with standard drug tramadol in both the methods. M. koenigii leaves extract at both dose showed significant reduction in the number of writhing but C. sativum leaves extract failed to show any significant reduction in the number of writhing compared with control. Higher dose of M. koenigii leaves extract was comparable with standard drug tramadol.Conclusion: M. koenigii leaves extract showed both peripheral and central analgesic effect while C. sativum leaves extract showed only peripheral analgesic effect.

Pharmacological Evaluation of Antipyretic, Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Cassia fistula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Sharma ◽  
S.K. Sharma ◽  
M.K. Lonare ◽  
Rajdeep Kaur ◽  
V.K. Dumka
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: The antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of two concentrations (100 and 200 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of leaf, bark, flower and fruit pulp of C. fistula were determined in male wistar albino rats. Methods: Antipyretic activity was assessed by E. coli endotoxin induced pyrexia. Analgesic activity was assessed by hot plate, tail immersion and acetic acid induced writhing test. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay. Result: Significant (p less than 0.05) antipyretic activity was exhibited from 2h onwards by bark extract @ 200 mg/kg and from 3h onwards by bark extract @100 mg/kg and leaves extract @ 200mg/kg as compared to control group. Significant (p less than 0.05) analgesic activity was shown by extract of bark @ 200 mg/kg as it is evident by increase in reflex time in hot plate (90,120,180 min), tail immersion test (120,180 min) and inhibition of writhing (32.12%). Significant (p less than 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity was exhibited from 3h post administration by bark @ 200 and leaves @ 100 and 200 mg/kg.

scholarly journals In vivo and in silico evaluation of analgesic activity of Lippia alba

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdullah Aziz ◽  
Manna Mehedi ◽  
Mst. Irin Akter ◽  
Sadiur Rahman Sajon ◽  
Kishor Mazumder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Lippia Alba ◽  
Tail Immersion

Abstract Background This study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic activity of different extracts of Lippia alba (L. alba) along with in silico evaluation of analgesic activity of the isolated compounds from L. alba against cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme and ADME/T analysis of isolated compounds. Method In vivo analgesic activity of different extracts of L. alba was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion and hot plate on Swiss albino mice of either sex. In silico activity of the isolated compounds and ADME/T analysis were performed by Schrödinger-Maestro (Version 10.1) and OSIRIS Data warrior (version 4.6.1) softwares. Results Three different extracts (Methanolic extract: ME; Petroleum ether extract: PEE; Dichloromethane extract: DCME) of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg doses were used in the experiments to evaluate analgesic activity. In acetic acid-induced writhing test, significant results were seen for PEE (500 mg/kg) and DCME (500 mg/kg), which were 53.09 ± 2.87 & 50.09 ± 4.24%, respectively. In tail immersion test, the best latency time was found at + 60 min for PEE (500 mg/kg) which is (5.65 ± 0.25) sec. For hot plate test, DCME at a dose 500 mg/kg showed the highest increase in latency time, which was 13.48 ± 0.33 s. In the case of in silico evaluation of analgesic activity, the compounds such as geranial, neral, (E)-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, mussaenide, and 8-epi-loganin meet the condition of Lipinski’s rule of five. Among these safe compounds, 8-epi-loganin showed the best docking score of − 8.17 kcal/mol against cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (PDB ID: 6COX), which was almost similar to that of the standard drug, Celecoxib (− 11.11 kcal/mol). Conclusion In conclusion, L. alba can be a potent source of analgesic medicine and further modification and simulation studies are required to establish the effectiveness of 8-epi-loganin.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Analgesic Activity ofPapaver libanoticumExtract in Mice: Involvement of Opioids Receptors

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ali Hijazi ◽  
Ahmed El-Mallah ◽  
Maha Aboul-Ela ◽  
Abdalla Ellakany
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptors ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome

Papaver libanoticumis an endemic plant to Lebanese region (family Papaveraceae) that has not been investigated before. The present study aimed to explore the analgesic activity of dried ethanolic extract ofPapaver libanoticum(PLE) using tail flick, hot plate, and acetic acid induced writhing models in mice. The involvement of opioid receptors in the analgesic mechanism was investigated using naloxone antagonism. Results demonstrated that PLE exhibited a potent dose dependent analgesic activity in all tested models for analgesia. The analgesic effect involved activation of opioid receptors in the central nervous system, where both spinal and supraspinal components might be involved. The time course for analgesia revealed maximum activity after three hours in both tail flick and hot plate methods, which was prolonged to 24 hours. Metabolites of PLE could be responsible for activation of opioid receptors. The EC50 of PLE was 79 and 50 mg/kg in tail flick and hot plate tests, respectively. The total coverage of analgesia by PLE was double that of morphine in both tests. In conclusion, PLE proved to have opioid agonistic activity with a novel feature of slow and prolonged effect. The present study could add a potential tool in the armaments of opioid drugs as a natural potent analgesic and for treatment of opioid withdrawal syndrome.

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