scholarly journals Estimation of Gill Respiratory Area and Diameters of both Red and White Muscle Fibers in Luciobarbus xanthopterus (Heckel, 1843) and Coptodon zillii (Gervais, 1848) Local Bony Fish in Karbala City

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1088-1095
Keyword(s):  
White Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Bony Fish ◽  
Respiratory Area

Activation of Embryonic Red and White Muscle Fibers During Fictive Swimming in the Developing Zebrafish

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1244-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Buss ◽  
Pierre Drapeau
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Whole Cell Recordings ◽  
Myotomal Muscle ◽  
Synaptic Drive

Sub-threshold, motoneuron-evoked synaptic activity was observed in zebrafish embryonic red (ER) and white (EW) muscle fibers paralyzed with a dose of d-tubocurarine insufficient to abolish synaptic activity to determine whether muscle activation was coordinated to produce the undulating body movements required for locomotion. Paired whole-cell recordings revealed a synaptic drive that alternated between ipsilateral and contralateral myotomes and exhibited a rostral-caudal delay in timing appropriate for swimming. Both ER and EW muscle were activated during fictive swimming. However, at the fastest fictive swimming rates, ER fibers were de-recruited, whereas they could be active in isolation of EW fibers at the slowest fictive swimming rates. Prior to hatching, fictive swimming was preceded by a lower frequency, more robust and rhythmic synaptic drive resembling the “coiling” behavior of fish embryos. The motor activity observed in paralyzed zebrafish closely resembled the swimming and coiling behaviors observed in these developing fishes. At the early developmental stages examined in this study, myotomal muscle recruitment and coordination were similar to that observed in adult fishes during swimming. Our results indicate that the patterned activation of myotomal muscle is set from the onset of development.

scholarly journals GLYCOGEN SYNTHETASE AND PHOSPHORYLASE IN RED AND WHITE MUSCLE OF RAT AND RHESUS MONKEY

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSE MARY BOCEK ◽  
CLARISSA H. BEATTY
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Glycogen Synthetase ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Histochemical Evidence ◽  
Red And White Muscles

Homogenates of red and white muscles from rats and monkeys were assayed for total phosphorylase and phosphorylase a and for the total and independent forms of glycogen synthetase. Total and phosphorylase a activities were higher in the supernatant fraction of homogenates of white as compared with red muscle from both rats and monkeys. Both forms of phosphorylase were higher in white muscle from rats when assayed on whole homogenates. The total and d form of glycogen synthetase activities were higher in red muscle from both species of animals. The ratio of I/total synthetase was 2- to 3-fold higher in muscle from monkeys as compared with that from rats. These results support histochemical evidence that phosphorylase is higher in white muscle fibers and glycogen synthetase is higher in red muscle fibers.

scholarly journals ULTRASTRUCTURE AND ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF RED AND WHITE MUSCLE FIBERS OF THE CAUDAL REGION OF A FISH, SALMO GAIRDNERI

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asish C. Nag
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
T System

Electron microscopy, together with quantitation using a tracing device linked to a digital computer, reveals that the red and white muscle fibers of Salmo gairdneri differ in diameter, organization of myofibrils, dimensions of myofilaments, volumes and surface areas of T system and sarcoplasmic reticulum, morphology of mitochondria, and content of mitochondria, lipid, and glycogen. Biochemical studies show that the ATPase activity of white fibers is three times that of the red fibers. Actomyosin content of red fibers is higher than that of the white fibers. The functional significance of these differences between two fiber types is discussed.

Histochemistry, innervation, capillary density, and mitochondrial volume of red and white muscle fibers isolated from a lizard, Varanus exanthematicus

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Mutungi
Keyword(s):  
White Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nerve Endings ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
White Region ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Mitochondrial Volume

Fiber types in the iliofibularis muscle of the savannah monitor lizard, Varanus exanthematicus, have been characterized on the basis of their histochemical characteristics and nerve endings. Four types of fibers were identified, three of which were focally innervated and the other, multiply innervated. They corresponded to the fast glycolytic, fast oxidative glycolytic, slow oxidative, and tonic fiber types of other lower vertebrates. The fibers isolated from the white and most of the fibers from the red regions had well defined end plates. However, 15 to 20% of the fibers isolated from the red region possessed an average of 17 ± 0.5 end plates per fiber. These end plates were placed 922 ± 54 μm apart and poorly defined. The mitochondrial volume of fibers isolated from the red region (12 ± 0.5%) was six times that of fibers isolated from the white region (2 ± 0.1%). Myofibrillar volumes were similar in fibers isolated from the two regions (81 ± 0.6%, white; 77 ± 0.2%, red). However, the capillary density of fibers from the red region (932 ± 64/mm2) was four and one-half times that of fibers isolated from the corresponding white region (200 ± 35/mm2).

scholarly journals Distribution of Metals in Red and White Axial Muscles of Three Fish Species from the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir

2019 ◽  
pp. 430-444
Author(s):  
Nikita O. Yablokov ◽  
Olesya V. Anishchenko ◽  
Ivan V. Zuev
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Fish Fillet ◽  
Roach Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Red And White Muscles

The content of metals in fish fillet is an important criterion for food safety and nutritional benefits. Fish fillet is composed of both white and red muscles, but the standard method only detects metal content in white muscle. The true metal content in fish fillet can be underestimated due to this approach. So far, metal content in different types of muscle tissue of freshwater fish remains virtually unstudied. The aim of the present research was to study the metal content in red and white muscles of roach Rutilus rutilus, bream Abramis brama and pike Esox lucius that live in the Krasnoyarsk reservoir. Twenty metals were measured in the dry mass of red and white muscles of three fish species using inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) spectrometry. The contents of macronutrients such as K, Ca and Mg were higher in white muscle fibers and Na – in red fibers. Of the 16 metals regarded as trace elements, the highest contents in the muscles were noted for Fe (20.5-177.8 μg/g), Zn (26.7-79.0 μg/g), and Al (15.2- 67.2 μg/g), regardless of the fish species and type of tissue. Li (0.01-0.09 μg/g) and Cd (0.01-0.03 μg/g) had the lowest concentrations. Among trace elements, the contents of Cu and Fe were significantly higher in the dry biomass of red muscle compared with white muscle for the three fish species. The content of Zn was higher in the red muscle of bream and pike. Almost all other trace elements also tended to accumulate in higher concentrations in the red muscle. Differences between red and white muscles in the contents of trace elements such as Pb and Sr were species-specific. The distribution of metals between the two types of muscle fibers demonstrated by the freshwater species examined in this study was similar to the distribution of metals in marine fish, except the distribution of Sr. Thus, the greater capacity of the red muscle for accumulating most heavy metals confirmed in the present study may indicate a greater risk to health in eating this type of tissue

Muscle fiber activity in carp as a function of swimming speed and muscle temperature

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. R272-R279 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Rome ◽  
P. T. Loughna ◽  
G. Goldspink
Keyword(s):  
White Muscle ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Muscle Temperature ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Thermal Dependence ◽  
Fast Twitch Muscle ◽  
Acute Changes

These experiments were performed to determine how ectothermal animals maintain their locomotory ability during acute changes in muscle temperature, despite the large thermal dependence of the mechanical properties of their muscle. The electrical activity of the red (slow-twitch) and white (fast-twitch) muscle fibers of carp was monitored while the carp swam at various speeds at 10 and 20 degrees C. The patterns of recruitment of different fiber types were similar at both temperatures. At low speeds only the red muscle was active, whereas at high speeds the white muscle was active as well. The swimming velocity at which white muscle was initially recruited increased from 26 cm/s at 10 degrees C to 46 cm/s at 20 degrees C. These results suggest that the order of recruitment of motor units was the same at 10 and 20 degrees C but that the recruitment occurred over a narrower range of speeds at the low temperature. Hence, to generate the muscle power required to swim at a certain velocity, fish recruit more muscle fibers, which include faster fiber types when their muscle is cold than when their muscle is warm.

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