Neu1 deficiency induces abnormal emotional behavior in zebrafish

NEU1 sialidase hydrolyzes sialic acids from glycoconjugates in lysosomes. Deficiency of NEU1 causes sialidosis with symptoms including facial dysmorphism, bone dysplasia, and neurodegeneration. However, the effects of NEU1 deficiency on emotional activity have not been explored. Here, we conducted the behavioral analysis using Neu1-knockout zebrafish (Neu1-KO). Neu1-KO zebrafish showed normal swimming similar to wild-type zebrafish (WT), whereas shoaling was decreased and accompanied by greater inter-fish distance than WT zebrafish. The aggression test showed a reduced aggressive behavior in Neu1-KO zebrafish than in WT zebrafish. In the mirror and 3-chambers test, Neu1-KO zebrafish showed more interest toward the opponent in the mirror and multiple unfamiliar zebrafish, respectively, than WT zebrafish. Furthermore, Neu1-KO zebrafish also showed increased interaction with different fish species, whereas WT zebrafish avoided them. In the black–white preference test, Neu1-KO zebrafish showed an abnormal preference for the white region, whereas WT zebrafish preferred the black region. Neu1-KO zebrafish were characterized by a downregulation of the anxiety-related genes of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and upregulation of lamp1a, an activator of lysosomal exocytosis, with their brains accumulating several sphingoglycolipids. This study revealed that Neu1 deficiency caused abnormal emotional behavior in zebrafish, possibly due to neuronal dysfunction induced by lysosomal exocytosis.

Структурные особенности фосфатов Ca-=SUB=-9-x-=/SUB=-M-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Dy(PO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-7-=/SUB=- (M=Zn-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=-, Mg-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=-)

Solid solutions of phosphate with whitlockite-type Ca9-xMxDy (PO4) 7 (M = Zn2 +, Mg2 +) were obtained. The samples were studied by a complex of methods, such as X-ray phase analysis, second harmonic generation, and luminescent spectroscopy. It was established that in the series of solid solutions a change in the symmetry of the unit cell R3c-> R 3c is observed during Ca2+ -M2+ substitution, and the concentration dependence was determined. The phase transitions of the ferroelectric and antiferroelectric type and their temperature position were established by dielectric spectroscopy. The synthesized samples demonstrate intense luminescence with 350 nm excitation and the resulting radiation is in the white region of color coordinates (CIE).

Mixing the valence control of Eu2+/Eu3+ and energy transfer construction of Eu2+/Mn2+ in the solid solution (1 − x)Ca3(PO4)2–xCa9Y(PO4)7 for multichannel photoluminescence tuning

Multichannel photoluminescence control from blue-to-green to red across the white region was achieved by solid solution evolution, valence mixing of Eu2+/3+ and Eu2+ → Mn2+ energy transfer.

Analysis of the Cluster Prominence Feature for Detecting Calcifications in Mammograms

In mammograms, a calcification is represented as small but brilliant white region of the digital image. Earlier detection of malignant calcifications in patients provides high expectation of surviving to this disease. Nevertheless, white regions are difficult to see by visual inspection because a mammogram is a gray-scale image of the breast. To help radiologists in detecting abnormal calcification, computer-inspection methods of mammograms have been proposed; however, it remains an open important issue. In this context, we propose a strategy for detecting calcifications in mammograms based on the analysis of the cluster prominence (cp) feature histogram. The highest frequencies of the cp histogram describe the calcifications on the mammography. Therefore, we obtain a function that models the behaviour of the cp histogram using the Vandermonde interpolation twice. The first interpolation yields a global representation, and the second models the highest frequencies of the histogram. A weak classifier is used for obtaining a final classification of the mammography, that is, with or without calcifications. Experimental results are compared with real DICOM images and their corresponding diagnosis provided by expert radiologists, showing that the cp feature is highly discriminative.

REP-PCR Analysis to Study Prokaryotic Biodiversity from Lake Meyghan

Repetitive extragenic palindromic elements-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) with 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) genes sequences successfully used for the analysis of microbial community. In this study, the prokaryotic community in Lake Meyghan described by using rep-PCR analysis along with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The water samples were collected from Lake Meyghan in November 2013. All samples were diluted and cultured on three different media. To estimate the number of prokaryotes per milliliter of the lake we used quantitative real‑time PCR (qPCR). Rep-PCR combination with 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to investigate prokaryotes biodiversity in the lake. 305 strains were isolated in this work; 113 isolates for green region, 102 isolates for red region, and 90 isolates for white region. The dendrograms generated 10, 7, and 9 clusters for a 70 % similarity cut-off for green, red, and white regions, respectively. Based on rep-PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the recovered isolates were dominated by (77.5 %)Halobacteriacaeand many isolates were related to the generaHalorubrum,Haloarcula,Haloterrigena,Natrinema, andHalovivaxin the white region. In the red region more isolated strains (57.5 %) belonged toBacillaceaeand the remaining 42.5 % of isolates belonged to archaea domain,Halorubrum, andHaloarcula. In the green region members ofGammaproteobacteriawere recoverd, this region was dominant withPseudoalteromonas,Salinivibrio, andAliidiomarina.

Effective Classification of Cervical Cancer Using Contourlet Transform

Cervical cancer is the second most leading cancer among women. Source of cervical cancer is Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Tests to confirm a diagnosis of cervical cancer are colposcopy and cervical biopsy (pap smear). This paper includes the usage of colposcopy images and tests to find where cancer cells are on the surface of the cervix. Contourlet transform (CT) is proposed to extract the features of the colposcopy images and then for classification of Aceto white Region (Abnormal) and Non Aceto white Region (Normal), K-Nearest Neighbourhood (KNN) classifier is used. In the existing system, wavelet transforms are used to extract the features in which minimum quantity of information and features are obtained (Only 3 directions are focused). In CT, for higher resolution, additional directional is employed. The greater performance is achieved by extracting and choosing the simplest features from contourlet coefficients of the colposcopy images and these outputs are fed into the KNN classifier for classification.

Evaluation of whiteness metrics

Whiteness is an important characteristic for surface colour, which is affected by the spectral power distribution of the illumination due to the fluorescent whitening agents contained in many white objects. The CIE whiteness metric has been widely used but is known to have limitations. For example, the boundary noted by the metric is not considered large enough, because, in many cases, a surface whose chromaticity lies outside the boundary can still be perceived as white. Further, the metric is only defined to characterize the whiteness of a surface under CIE Illuminant D65, and thus it should not be applied in other lighting conditions or to other light sources. This paper describes a psychophysical study, investigating the whiteness of 50 samples (12 paper and 38 textile samples) under 12 lighting conditions with different levels of correlated colour temperature and ultraviolet radiation. An optimized whiteness metric and a boundary of the white region based on the CIE whiteness metric were derived from the results, which can be used to precisely measure the whiteness of a surface under any lighting condition and to guide spectral engineering for LED sources.

Synthesis and Photoluminescence Characteristics of CaIn2O4:Dy3+ Phosphors Co-Doped with Gd3+, Zn2+ or Al3+ Ions

Novel warm-white emitting phosphors CaIn2O4:Dy3+ co-doped with Gd3+, Zn2+, or Al3+ ions were prepared by solid state reaction. In this paper, a strategy of co-doping with different ions was used with the aim of affecting the luminescence properties of CaIn2O4:0.6%Dy3+ under NUV excitation. The luminescence intensities of CaIn2O4:0.6%Dy3+ were enhanced by 0.2% Gd3+ or 0.2% Zn2+ ions co-doping under 367 nm excitation, but lowered by co-doping with 0.2% Al3+ ions. Furthermore, the chromaticity coordinates of CaIn2O4:0.6%Dy3+ can be tuned from the cold-white region to warmwhite region with Gd3+ or Zn2+ ions co-doping. These findings show that CaIn2O4:0.6%Dy3+, 0.2% Gd3+, and CaIn2O4:0.6%Dy3+,0.2% Zn2+ have potential application value as new warm-white LED phosphors.

Tunable emissions via the white region from Sr2Gd8(SiO4)6O2:RE3+ (RE3+: Dy3+, Tm3+, Eu3+) phosphors

Sr2Gd8(SiO4)6O2 is an excellent host lattice for tunable emissions via the white-light region when co-doped with suitable trivalent rare-earth ions.

A New Method for Recognizing Carton Black in Rubber Image

It’s important to recognize carton black in rubber image for detecting carton black dispersion. This new method adopts special algorithm that depends on rubber image’s character to optimize background color of rubber image and make carton black clearer. In addition, this method can distinguish some abnormal factors through calculating oblate degree of white region. Application of this new method is useful for getting exact information of carton black and supplying correct data for evaluating carton black dispersion.