Determining the dynamics of carbon monoxide formation during gas welding processes

This paper reports a study of the air medium where welding processes take place, with special attention paid to the evolution of carbon monoxide (CO) in the working medium in the process of gas welding. Plots were constructed and polynomial dependences were obtained to show a change in the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air of the working area during gas welding. It was confirmed experimentally that the concentration of carbon monoxide exceeds the permissible sanitary and hygienic indicators MPC (20 mg/m3) during gas welding. As a result of the experiment, the effectiveness of the use of an additional device was proven, namely an umbrella gas concentrator, in order to capture welding gases that are formed during gas welding. It was established that the MPC is exceeded under certain working conditions and welding wire. The carbon monoxide formation during gas welding was analyzed; these processes were compared with electric arc welding. The mathematical dependences derived make it possible to assess the risks of the welders’ work and conclude that the electric arc welding is characterized by a much higher rate of CO evolution from the beginning of the welding process (8.5 mg/s), that speed then decreases over 20 s by 2 times (to 4.5 mg/s). In 90 s, the speed becomes constant, to 2 mg/s. In comparison, gas welding has almost the same rate of CO formation, namely 0.3–0.9 mg/s. By changing the types of welding wires used in gas welding and taking into consideration the type of material that needs to be welded (including the period of its use), it is possible to influence the volume of CO emissions entering the working area and an employee’s respiratory area

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Clinical Application in Chronic Lung Diseases

Mesenchymal stem cells are a multipotent mature non hematopoietic stem cells, with characteristics such as ability to self-renew and differentiate in mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal pathway. Mesenchymal stem cells also secrete cytokine and immunoreceptor which regulate micro environment in host tissues and angiogenic mediators which are able to improve damaged tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells are obtained from the human body by isolation, culture, proliferation, characterization, and/or differentiation originating from fat cells (adipose), periosteum tissue, and other tissues from the body. Mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained by autologous and allogenic way. Stem cell processing includes isolation, proliferation, differentiation, and temporary storage for clinical application adhering to good drug manufacturing practice. Approach to cell therapy and bioengineering in lung disease is rapidly developing in the last 10 years. In the current era of cell therapy and transplantation, a lot of research has been done to understand and develop mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic alternative, particularly in respiratory area.

Advanced Applications of Fuel Cells during the COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 was identified all over the world as a pandemic in December 2019. This novel coronavirus affects the lower respiratory area, which causes pneumonia in the human body and transfers from human to human. Every day, the number of new patients and the number of deaths are increasing immensely, while specific drugs for this virus are still being developed. Hospitals are struggling to accommodate patients, resulting in a large number of temporary hospitals. These makeshift hospitals need an uninterrupted power supply to continuously maintain all the electrical facilities. Fuel cells, especially solid oxide fuel cells, play an essential role in meeting the additional energy needs of humankind during this critical moment. SOFCs are able to supply power to those makeshift hospitals from the main hospital building, as well as supplying electricity to locked-down residential areas to ease the strain on the electrical grid during this pandemic situation. As a result of their extensive applicability and numerous uses, SOFCs can be used to address electrical needs challenges in various sectors.

Penerapan metode k-means clustering data COVID-19 di Provinsi Jakarta

The disease epidemic that attacked the respiratory area and was detected in Indonesia starting in early 2020 is the Corona Virus (COVID-19). This virus's spread is relatively easy, namely through droplets from infected patients, so that the spread is very rapid. This research was conducted to cluster the data on Covid-19 cases in Jakarta Province considering that Jakarta is the starting point for the first case of Corona in Indonesia and until now has become one of the most significant contributors to COVID-19 issues in Indonesia, namely as of December 2020 positive cases of Covid-19 reached 154,000. Souls with the healing of 139.0000 souls. The grouping was carried out based on positive and dead patients from each urban village in Jakarta Province. This study uses the k-means Method to cluster in the handling of COVID-19 cases with 2 clusters. Data distribution in cluster 1 consists of 173 data and 18 data in cluster 2. The use of k-means in this study provides information on areas with the highest and lowest number of positive cases and the highest and lowest cure rates that can be used as an evaluation in handling the Covid-virus 19.

Nurses in the front line of the combat to Covid-19 in the hospital environment: related experience

Objective: to report nurses experiences at reference hospital in the care of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Method: descriptive study, of the experience report type, about nurses' experience in assisting patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the hospital environment. Results: The nurses' experiences were structured into three categories: Structural and organizational changes in the hospital service; Nurse's work routine on the front line in the respiratory area; Main difficulties for nurses in caring for patients in the respiratory area and experienced opportunities. The positive aspects identified were participation in training and support for newly hired professionals. Conclusion: the COVID-19 pandemic changed economic, political, social and health care behavior. In addition, changes in the hospital environment demanded a reorientation of workflows, impacting nurses' mental health and suffering.

Evaluation of Occupational Exposure of Bus Drivers to Road Particulate Matter in Bojnurd, Iran

Background: Drivers of public vehicles, especially in highly polluted and crowded areas, are exposed to high air pollutants, especially particulate matter less than ten microns (PM10). The purpose of this study was to measure and evaluate the level of exposure of city bus drivers to PM10 particles in Bojnurd, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Bojnurd, Iran. A sampling of particulate matter was taken through bus drivers' respiratory area in two routes from the main routes of the city using the Haz-Dust device. This device has been designed and manufactured based on the NIOSH-500 method. Using an impactor 10, the amount of particulate matter less than ten microns was read from the device. Particle sampling was performed in both round-trip buses in three shifts in the morning, noon, and evening for one year. The results of the measurements were statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics and mean statistical indices, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test and One-way ANOVA test at 95% significance level by SPSS software version 24. Results: A total of 420 times, PM10 particles were measured in the drivers' respiratory area. Approximately 21% of the measurement days had a concentration of more than 150 micrograms per cubic meter of air (or µg/m3). Measurements show that among 140 days of measurement, the highest concentration was on May 21 (with 380.66 µg/m3 of air), and the lowest concentration was on August 9 (with 35.33 µg/m3 of air). The average daily exposure of drivers in this one-year was 151.29 µg/m3 of air. Conclusion: The exposure of city bus drivers to PM10 particles in Bojnurd was much higher than recommended by the World Health Organization (50 µg/m3 of air) and slightly higher than the US Environmental Protection Agency standard (150 µg/m3 of air), which predisposes them to cardiovascular disease in the future. The active buses on these two routes did not use the air conditioning system, which allowed suspended particles to penetrate the bus from the outside. It is suggested that in order to reduce the drivers' exposure, effective control measures should be adopted and implemented as soon as possible, such as launching an air conditioning system equipped with a HEPA filter.

Penerapan Fuzzy Expert System Untuk Diagnosa Penyakit Telinga, Hidung Dan Tenggorokan (THT)

Otorhinolaryngology is a group of diseases that infect many people including Indonesians, especially in West Lombok Regency in West Nusa Tenggara. This disease is very dangerous because it disrupts the respiratory area such as polypand sinusitis in the nose.This research is discuss about the making of expert system by fuzzy logic concept to diagnose the otolaryngology. The amount of otolaryngology that used to be sample for this research is 18 type of disease which consisted of 10 diseases in ear, 5 diseases in nose and 3 diseases in throat. While the patients who used to be test cases are 50 people. Inference system method that used in this research is Mamdani with deffuzifiation process by centroid method. From the results of the test system with the number of patients of 50 people, the results concluded that the level of match between the application result and doctor’s diagnosis achieve an accuracy of 82% for this type of disease analysis. As many as 64,85% of the 82% of the application test data are in accordance with the doctor’s analysis namely disease’s name and degree 34,15% of them match the disease’s name but there is a difference between the applications values with doctor’s analysis. Trial data that do not match doctor’s analysis is 18%

Expanded description of Dolops bidentata (Bouvier, 1899) (Branchiura: Argulidae) based on specimens collected on Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858 (Characiformes) from Poconé Wetland, MT, Brazil

The current information on the branchiuran Dolops bidentata, a species described more one hundred years ago, is valid but incomplete; hence, an expanded description is given herein. Additional morphological information was obtained by light and scanning electron microscopy from specimens collected on Pygocentrus nattereri from the Poconé Wetland, MT, Brazil. Description of the appendages and other structures such as respiratory area, mouth, details and ornamentation of antennules and maxillae are provided for the first time.