Pemanfaatan Abu Sabut Kelapa sebagai Katalis Basa dalam Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Biji Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas. L)

The research about utilization ash of coconut husk as source of base catalyst in aplication for reaction of transesterification from Jatropha curcas oil has been researched. Content of base compound in coconut husk ash was analyzed by AAS and acidy alkalimetry. The base catalyst was extracted using methanol, for transesterification reaction of Jatropha curcas oil. This method of biodiesel production by transesterification process used coconut husk ash catalyst by weight variation as much as 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% (w/w). Analysis of the quality of biodiesel is done with quality parameters acid number, iodine number, density, viscosity and water content in accordance with SNI 04-7182-2006 standards. The result of the research showed that potassium concentration as carbonat salt in the ash of coconut husk was 17,4% (w/w) and the conversion of biodiesel obtained from each catalyst in a row is 43,62%; 78,45%; 76,22%; 75,69% and 63,27% (w/w). Biodiesel optimum results obtained with the addition of the catalyst are 4% with density values of 0.86 (g / mL), the viscosity value of 3.23 (cSt), the value of water content 0.0352%, 0.12 acid number (mg KOH / g) and iodine number of 8.23 (g I2 / 100 g).The research about utilization ash of coconut husk as source of base catalyst in aplication for reaction of transesterification from Jatropha curcas oil has been researched. Content of base compound in coconut husk ash was analyzed by AAS and acidy alkalimetry. The base catalyst was extracted using methanol, for transesterification reaction of Jatropha curcas oil. This method of biodiesel production by transesterification process used coconut husk ash catalyst by weight variation as much as 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% (w/w). Analysis of the quality of biodiesel is done with quality parameters acid number, iodine number, density, viscosity and water content in accordance with SNI 04-7182-2006 standards. The result of the research showed that potassium concentration as carbonat salt in the ash of coconut husk was 17,4% (w/w) and the conversion of biodiesel obtained from each catalyst in a row is 43,62%; 78,45%; 76,22%; 75,69% and 63,27% (w/w). Biodiesel optimum results obtained with the addition of the catalyst are 4% with density values of 0.86 (g / mL), the viscosity value of 3.23 (cSt), the value of water content 0.0352%, 0.12 acid number (mg KOH / g) and iodine number of 8.23 (g I2 / 100 g).ABSTRAKPenelitian tentang pemanfaatan abu sabut kelapa sebagai sumber katalis basa pada aplikasi reaksi transesterifikasi minyak biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas. L) telah dilakukan. Karakterisasi kadar basa dalam sabut kelapa dilakukan dengan AAS dan alkalinitas. Katalis basa diperoleh dengan pengadukan abu sabut kelapa dalam metanol dan selanjutnya digunakan untuk reaksi transesterifikasi minyak biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas. L). Metode pembuatan biodiesel ini dengan transesterifikasi menggunakan katalis abu sabut kelapa dengan variasi berat sebanyak 2%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 8% dan 10% (b/b). Analisis kualitas dari biodiesel dilakukan dengan parameter mutu bilangan asam, bilangan iod, densitas, viskositas dan kadar air sesuai dengan standar SNI 04-7182-2006. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar kalium dalam bentuk kalium karbonat dalam abu sabut kelapa sebesar 17,4% (b/b) dan konversi biodiesel yang diperoleh dari masing masing katalis berturut-turut adalah 43,62%; 78,45%; 76,22%; 75,69% dan 63,27% (b/b). Hasil optimum biodiesel diperoleh dengan penambahan katalis 4% dengan nilai densitas 0,86 (g/mL), nilai viskositas 3,23 (cSt), nilai kadar air 0,0352%, bilangan asam 0,12 (mg KOH/g) dan bilangan iod sebesar 8,23 (g I2/100 g). Kata kunci : Abu sabut kelapa, biodiesel, transesterifikasi, minyak biji jarak pagar(Jatropha curcas. L)