scholarly journals Design, validation, and reliability of an observational notational instrument for the football goalkeeper’s defensive and offensive technical-tactical actions

Kinesiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Daniel Jara ◽  
Miguel-Ángel Gómez ◽  
Enrique Ortega ◽  
Pilar Sainz de Baranda
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Test ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Design Validation ◽  
Observational Tool ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Defensive Action ◽  
Different Content

The aim of this study was to design and validate an observational instrument used to analyse the in-game behaviour of the football goalkeeper (GK) in defence and attack. The validation and reliability testing processes were carried out by twelve experts through five steps. Contents validity was calculated using Aiken’s V and the kappa index was used to analyse reliability. The observational tool was divided into three different content blocks: GK’s offensive actions, GK’s defensive actions, and opponent’s actions taken before a GK’s defensive action. Only three out of the total of 24 items achieved low values that, after modifications, recorded optimal values (values higher than .90) in accordance with the Aiken’s V. Following step one, new proposals were evaluated after a pilot test. The reliability test scored optimal values (values higher than .85). An observational sheet was developed to manage the quantitative and qualitative assessments of experts, and the proposed tool was accepted as valid and reliable.

Design, validation, and testing of an observational tool for technical and tactical analysis in the taekwondo competition at the 2016 Olympic games

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 112980
Author(s):  
Cristina Menescardi ◽  
Coral Falco ◽  
Antonio Hernández-Mendo ◽  
Verónica Morales-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Design Validation ◽  
Observational Tool

Combined Reliability Testing Profile Model and Application for Embedded System

2013 ◽  
Vol 846-847 ◽  
pp. 587-591
Author(s):  
Jin Hui Wang ◽  
Jun Ai ◽  
Lin Zhi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Software Reliability ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
The State ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Testing Method

Embedded system is applied more and more extensively in the fields of national defense weapon equipment. With the increasing complexity of embedded systems, the combination of the hardware with software is more and closer. Because of the overall characteristic of hardware and software combination in embedded system, traditional reliability test can hardly accurately identify the reliability of embedded systems. The proposed combined reliability testing method, which combines software reliability test with system integrated environmental stress test to simulate the state of system running, provides the basis for the accurate validation and evaluation of reliability of embedded system.

The Technology of Software Reliability Virtual Test Based on Software Conventional Failure Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 462-463 ◽  
pp. 1097-1101
Author(s):  
Jun Ai ◽  
Jing Wei Shang ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Software Reliability ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Input Space ◽  
Software Failure ◽  
Data Matching ◽  
Failure Data ◽  
Testing Technology ◽  
Actual Use

The technology of software reliability quantitative assessment (SRQA) is based on failure data collected in software reliability test or actual use. However, software reliability testing is a long test cycle and difficult to collect enough failure data, which limits SRQA in the actual project. A large number of software failure found from the software growth test cant be used because the process has nothing to do with the actual use or no record of failure time. In this paper, software reliability virtual testing technology based on software conventional failure data is presented. According to the internal data association between input space of software reliability test and failure data found in conventional software testing, a data matching algorithm is proposed to obtain possible failure time in software reliability testing by matching conventional failure data and the input space. Finally, the imitate engine control software is used as the experimental subject to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.

Reliability Studies on Ge High Density Interconnect (Hdi) Modules

1993 ◽  
Vol 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung W. Paik ◽  
Edward S. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Temperature Cycling ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Power Cycling ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Beam Bending ◽  
Residual Stress Analysis ◽  
Cycling Temperature

ABSTRACTConsiderable mechanical and environmental reliability testing as defined by MIL-STD-883 has been performed on GE HDI modules in both hermetic and nonhermetic configurations. The tests involving temperature cycling, temperature bakes, thermal shock, power cycling by self-heating, vibration, centrifuge and drop shock showed no change in the overlay or in the performance of the underlaying chips on the substrate. As an additional reliability test, the effect of humidity cycling (45° - 95° relative humidity) on nonhermetic HDI substrates has been also investigated. Any noticeable failures and degradation of metallization were not observed by humidity cycling itself at room temperature. Both the 883 and humidity cycling test could lead to the conclusion that HDI is a robust MCM-D technology. In addition, extensive studies on the residual stress analysis of the thin film layers of metal and polymer during fabrication and thermal cycling have been performed using the Flexus laser beam bending instrument. The study results predicted that failure of overlay HDI such as delamination between layers is less likely because of lower in-plane stresses than in conventional spin-coated and cured polyimide.

scholarly journals A Questionnaire for Assessing Fear of Radiotherapy in Oncology Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Marija Zivkovic Radojevic ◽  
Marko Folic ◽  
Slobodan Jankovic
Keyword(s):  
Radiology Department ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
Clinical Centre ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Valid Instrument

Abstract Radiotherapy is a frequently prescribed and highly effective form of treatment of oncology patients. However, many patients feel rational or irrational fear of the application of radiotherapy, which may provoke mental and physical stress, anxiety, growing anger and hostility, thus reducing quality of life. The aim of this study was to develop, reliability test and validate a questionnaire for assessing the level of fear of radiotherapy in oncology patients. We performed a prospective qualitative study based on the development, validation and reliability testing of the questionnaire developed for assessing radiotherapy-caused fear in oncology patients treated in the Centre for Oncology and Radiology, Department of Radiotherapy, Clinical Centre Kragujevac. The study included 154 patients and the final version of the questionnaire integrated 15 questions. After the elimination of inappropriate questions the Cronbach coefficient α was 0.946. The questionnaire consists of two factors which represent 57.423% and 6.925%, making a total of 64.348% of the variance of the questionnaire. The results of our study show that the questionnaire used is a unique, reliable and valid instrument for assessing the level of fear of radiotherapy in oncology patients the application of which will allow us to identify patients with elevated levels of fear of radiotherapy.

DESARROLLO DE UNA HERRAMIENTA OBSERVACIONAL DE ANÁLISIS DE COMBATES EN TAEKWONDO

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Pedroza Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Observational Methodology ◽  
Observational Tool ◽  
Training Strategies ◽  
Trained Observers ◽  
Olympic Sport ◽  
Sobre Todo

Abstract.DEVELOPMENT OF AN OBSERVATIONAL TOOL FOR COMBAT ANALYSIS IN TAEKWONDOThe practice of taekwondo has become popular especially since its inclusion as an Olympic sport in 2000. In México its practice has resulted in obtaining at least one medal in each of the Olympic editions. Despite this, the works in psychology that focus in its study are scarce and even today, it is lacking instruments that allow explaining the success during the combats. One way to approach to this lack, is the use of the observational methodology, since this implies a type of study of the behavior that allows to collect reliable data of the behavior moment to moment, this fact, in the study of the sport derives in a detailed analysis of the factors involved in the result of competition. It is precisely because of this that the present work seeks to show the development of a specific observational tool for the analysis of Taekwondo combats. The tool was validated by pairs of trained observers with a kappa index of 0.84 including fights from the sub13, sub15, sub17 and sub20 categories in official tournaments. The results show the variety of data thrown and the implications of such results in terms of the development of training strategies for athletes are discussed.Key words: Taekwondo, observational methodology, sport, evaluationResumen.La práctica del taekwondo ha ido popularizándose sobre todo a partir de su inclusión como deporte olímpico en el año 2000. En México en particular, el entrenamiento en este deporte de contacto, ha derivado en la obtención de al menos una medalla en cada una de las ediciones olímpicas. Pese a esto, los trabajos en psicología que se centran en su estudio son escasos y hasta el momento se carece de instrumentos que permitan explicar el éxito durante las contiendas. Una manera de abordar esta carencia es el uso de la metodología observacional, ya que esta constituye un tipo de estudio del comportamiento que permite recolectar datos confiables registrando el comportamiento momento a momento, lo que en el caso de la conducta deportiva deriva en un análisis detallado de los factores involucrados en el resultado final para el atleta. Es debido justo a esto que el presente trabajo busca mostrar el desarrollo de una herramienta observacional específica para el análisis de combates en Taekwondo. La herramienta fue validada por pares de observadores entrenados con un índice kappa de 0.84 tomando en cuenta combates de las categorías sub13, sub15, sub17 y sub20 en torneos oficiales. Los resultados muestran la variedad de datos arrojados y las implicaciones de dichos resultados en términos del desarrollo de estrategias de entrenamiento para deportistas son discutidas.Palabras Clave: Taekwondo, metodología observacional, deporte, evaluación

scholarly journals Gaps in Live Inter-Observer Reliability Testing of Animal Behavior: A Retrospective Analysis and Path Forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-221
Author(s):  
Jason D. Wark ◽  
Natasha K. Wierzal ◽  
Katherine A. Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Internal Validation ◽  
Observer Reliability ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Lincoln Park

Observational behavior research is an important activity for zoos and aquariums, often being conducted to provide insights into welfare and guide management decisions. This research relies on standardized protocols to ensure consistent data collection. Inter-observer reliability, where untrained observers are tested against the behavior identifications of an expert observer, represent a critical internal validation process. Recent software advances have made reliability testing easier and more accessible, but there is limited guidance on what constitutes a strong reliability test. In this study, we reviewed historic reliability test data from Lincoln Park Zoo’s on-going behavior monitoring program. Six representative species were chosen that included 645 live pairwise reliability tests conducted across 163 total project observers. We identified that observers were being tested on only approximately 25% of the behaviors listed and defined in the species ethograms. Observers did encounter a greater percent of the ethogram with successive reliability tests, but this gap remained large. While inactive behaviors were well-represented during reliability tests, social and other non-maintenance solitary behaviors (e.g., exploratory, scent marking, play, etc.) did not frequently occur during tests. While the ultimate implications of these gaps in testing are unclear, these results highlight the risks of live reliability testing as an inherently non-standardized process. We suggest several approaches to help address these limitations, including refining ethograms, reconsidering criteria, and supplementing live training with video. We hope this self-critique encourages others to critically examine their methods, enhance the quality of their behavioral data, and ultimately, strengthen conclusions drawn about animal behavior and welfare.

Charge Trapping in Sic Power MOSFETs and its Consequences for Robust Reliability Testing

2012 ◽  
Vol 717-720 ◽  
pp. 1085-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Green ◽  
Aivars J. Lelis ◽  
Daniel B. Habersat
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Voltage ◽  
Charge Trapping ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Power Mosfets ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
Device Reliability ◽  
Robust Reliability

Threshold voltage (VT) instability remains an important issue for the performance, reliability, and qualification of SiC power MOSFET devices. The direct application of existing reliability test standards to SiC power MOSFETs can in some cases result in an inconsistent pass/fail response for a given device. To ensure SiC MOSFET device reliability, some modifications to existing test methods may be necessary..

Effectiveness of Tax Sanctions and Examination of Taxpayers On Taxpayer Compliance With Quality of Service as Moderating Variable 

Academia Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayu Windasari ◽  
Herman Ernandi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Tax Audit

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of tax sanctions and taxpayer audits on taxpayer compliance with service quality as a moderating variable. The analytical tool used is tabulating the questionnaire, collecting data in the form of validity testing and reliability testing. The hypothesis in this study is that there is an effect of tax sanctions and tax audits on taxpayer compliance with service quality as a moderating variable. Testing this hypothesis using the SmartPLS analysis tool. The results obtained based on the validity test showed that all statements on the questionnaire were declared valid. To test the reliability test of all variables obtained from Composite Realibility or Cronbach's Alpha value is declared realible. And for hypothesis testing based on R-Square and T-statistics, it shows that not all hypotheses are accepted. The result of the hypothesis states that Tax Audit has an effect on taxpayer compliance. And there is no effect between tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance, tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance moderated by service quality, and tax audits moderated by service quality.

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