scholarly journals Monochloropropanediols (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters (GE) in infant formulas and challenges of palm oil industry in Malaysia: a review

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 488-496
Author(s):  
N.N.A.N. Azmi ◽  
Y.H. Leong ◽  
T.C. Tan ◽  
M.Y. Ang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Glycidyl Esters ◽  
Mcpd Esters

Infant formula is an exclusive diet that offers the requisite nutrients for infants up to 6 months prior to the introduction of solids in their diet. Vegetable oils in infant formulas that serve as a source of fat could be contamination of monochloropropanediols (MCPD) and glycidol. The toxicity of MCPD and glycidol was highlighted in several studies implied health risk for exposed children, especially with their low body weight. This paper reviewed the occurrence of MCPD and glycidyl esters in infant formulas marketed in various countries, including risk assessment and associated estimated dietary exposure. From the selected studies published between 2015 to 2019, the presence of the contaminants was detected, but their concentrations decreased over the years indicating a low potential health risk to infants. These have been linked to the success of the vegetable oil producers' implementation of mitigation strategies. The paper also discusses the infant formula market in Malaysia, as well as the association of the use of palm oil in infant and follow-up formula in the Malaysian market. As one of the largest producers and exporters of palm oil and palm oil by-products, Malaysia is taking serious steps and the mitigation strategies it is exercising to reduce the level of MCPD and glycidol to comply with the regulation proposed by the European Commission. However, more studies are needed to gain a clearer view of the association between the use of palm oil in infant formulas and the occurrence of MCPD esters and glycidols, as well as their risk assessment.

Dietary exposure of the adult Croatian population to meat, liver and meat products from the Croatian market: Health risk assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 103672
Author(s):  
Nina Bilandžić ◽  
Marija Sedak ◽  
Bruno Čalopek ◽  
Maja Đokić ◽  
Ivana Varenina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Dietary Exposure

Human health risk assessment of DDTs and HCHs through dietary exposure in Nanjing, China

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Zhang ◽  
Zhonghuan Xia ◽  
Minmin Wu ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Hao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Human Health Risk Assessment

scholarly journals Potential health risk assessment of toxic metals contamination in clay eaten as pica (geophagia) among pregnant women of Ho in the Volta Region of Ghana.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nii Korley Kortei ◽  
Alice Koryo-Dabrah ◽  
Papa Toah Akonor ◽  
Nana Yaw Barima Manaphraim ◽  
Matilda Ayim-Akonor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Volta Region

Abstract Introduction: Geophagia although pleasurable and somewhat a necessity among pregnant women, also comes along with its own attendant problems such as exposure to potentially hazardous substances like bacteria, fungi, helminthes and ova, radioactive materials, and toxic elemental minerals in the soil depending on the geographical location.Methodology: This study evaluated the potential health risk involved during the exposure of pregnant women to toxic elemental minerals via the consumption of clay as pica (geophagia). Elemental mineral analysis was carried out using Buck Scientific 210VGP Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Buck Scientific, Inc. East Norwalk, USA). Risk assessment methods were also used to ascertain the various risks factors and the overall risk level.Results: Concentrations of the macro elements investigated were 1.38 ± 1.5, 2.40± 1.5, 7.74± 1.5, 4.01± 1.0, 13.24± 2.2 and 13.76± 2.1 mg/Kg for iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) respectively. While that for the micro elements were 1.63± 0.03 µg/Kg, 4.72±0.8, 0.53±0.02 and 1.85±0.3 mg/kg respectively for arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni). Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Quotient (HQ), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ) values ranged 0.611- 5.44 (mg/kg Bw/day), 6.26x10-4 – 106.5, 0.067-10.34 and 15 respectively.Conclusion: There is the likelihood of posing adverse health problems when clay samples obtained from Anfoega which is sited in the Volta region of Ghana is consumed due to the fact that the HQ’s of these elemental minerals were >1 which points to high content of Manganese (Mn) and Nickel (Ni). It is also likely to cause adverse health problems in an individual’s life time since THQ for Arsenic, Lead and Nickel were above 1. Ultimately, the cumulative effect of these toxicants were exceedingly great (≤ 15) which implied a high level of unsafety associated with this clay. Per the results from this study, it is not safe for pregnant women to consume clay as pica since these toxic elements may cause detrimental effects on the foetus of the unborn child.

The FDA Surveillance Index for Pesticides: Establishing Food Monitoring Priorities Based on Potential Health Risk

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-124
Author(s):  
Donald V Reed
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
Pesticide Monitoring ◽  
Food Monitoring ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Through an approach called the Surveillance Index (SI), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is systematically evaluating the potential health risk of pesticides that may be present as residues in foods. The SI is being used as a primary tool in the establishment of monitoring priorities. Each pesticide is classified and assigned to one of 5 levels of potential risk. The SI documents that are prepared for individual pesticides (a) summarize the information used to assess potential dietary exposure and health risk, (b) provide the rationale for the assigned classification, and (c) identify needs and actions necessary to accomplish appropriate monitoring of the food supply. Reasons are described for the development of the SI, the content of the SI Documents, and the use of the SI in planning and redirecting FDA pesticide monitoring activities.

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