scholarly journals The Order of the Magic Lantern Slides

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Alexandra Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
International Health ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Health Board ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Lantern Slide ◽  
Creative Non Fiction ◽  
Magic Lantern

Dr Sylvester Lambert, an American public health doctor who worked for the International Health Board of the Rockefeller Foundation, created a magic lantern slide presentation to retell the arrest of a sorcerer that he had witnessed in 1925 on the island of Malakula in Vanuatu. In this article, I use creative non-fiction to envision other audiences and narrators of this storied event to present an expanded picture of life for Pacific Islanders at that time. I also reflect on how particular events make for good stories because they are contests about belief and incredulity. Reimagining medical stories of sorcery reminds us that medicine is part of larger contests over the nature of reality. This is an imaginative ethnographic experiment with decolonizing intentions which combines archival research, ethnographic research, colonial images and creative non-fiction. It aspires to untie the images from a single fixed colonial narrative and to revisit the images in ways that are open to multiple interpretations, audiences, and narrators.

scholarly journals Relation between the Nature of the Carbohydrate in the Diet and Refection in Rats

1928 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisłw Kazimierz Kon ◽  
Elsie Watchorn
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
International Health ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Health Board ◽  
Arrowroot Starch

1. The phenomenon of refection has been confirmed.2. The incidence of spontaneous growth of rats on a vitamin B-free diet is very much greater when potato starch instead of rice starch is used in the diet.3. Raw arrowroot starch gave similar but not such good results.4. The protective action is largely destroyed by gentle cooking of the starch, and less so by extraction with alcohol.We wish to thank Prof. Sir F. G. Hopkins for his encouragement and interest during this work.One of us (S. K. K.) is indebted to the International Health Board of the Rockefeller Foundation for a fellowship, and the other (E. W.) is indebted to the Medical Research Council for a personal grant.

Civilizing the Sertão

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve E. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
International Health ◽  
The Political ◽  
Health Board ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Public Health Infrastructure ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
Political Interpretation

This chapter contrasts the political interpretation of sertanejos’ endemic illnesses, promulgated by Brazilian sanitarians, with the approach to public health promoted by Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board (IHB) representatives who also worked in Brazil during the 1910s. These contrasting interpretations of the political and racial origins of endemic disease delineate two poles around which subsequent approaches to sertão development turned. Early in the chapter, public health infrastructure in the northeast region is evaluated in relation to states’ limited capacity to assist drought refugees or prevent epidemics in migrant camps, and the efforts of cearense physician Rodolfo Teófilo are emphasized. The remainder of the chapter focuses on a sanitary survey of the sertão undertaken by Belisário Penna and Arthur Neiva in 1912; subsequent public health projects engaged in by Penna (notably the Serviço de Profilaxia Rural, or Rural Sanitation Service) and the Rockefeller Foundation’s International Health Board in Brazil; and the establishment of a national department of public health stemming from these efforts. The analysis emphasizes the racism of IHB director Wickliffe Rose which led him to dismiss the modernizing potential of sertanejos and to attribute their diseases to racial weakness. This is contrasted with Penna’s rejection of racial and climatic determinism.

scholarly journals Battling Soil-Transmitted Intestinal Worm Disease: From the Hookworm Campaigns of the Rockefeller Foundation to Contemporary Mass Drug Administration

Gesnerus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
James L. A. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
International Health ◽  
Health Board ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Intestinal Worm

In the early twentieth century, the Rockefeller Sanitary Commission and the Rockefeller Foundation’s International Health Board (later, International Health Division) undertook campaigns in a number of world regions to treat hookworm disease and to promote ‘sanitation,’ that is, improved excreta disposal. The campaigners learned that chemical therapy would not clear all hookworm infections, and they were unable to mobilize the support of governments for the reform of open defecation practices. Some campaigns achieved successes in reducing disease, but they were discontinued in the 1920s on the understanding that sanitation programs were foundational for success in eliminating hookworm disease. In the first decade of the twentyfirst century, under the rubric of “Neglected Tropical Diseases,” global health organizations re-engaged the struggle against all three soil-transmitted helminth (STHs) infections – hookworm, roundworm, and whipworm. The new campaigners rolled out mass drug administration (MDA) programs to reduce the incidence of disease without programs to improve excreta disposal. This approach effectively ignored the lessons of the early twentieth century campaigns. Intestinal worm transmission continued, and the efficacy of the MDA programs was threatened by the emergence of helminthic drug resistance.

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