scholarly journals A New Concept of the Production of Industrial Accidents: A Sociological Approach

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Industrial Accident ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Sociology Of Work ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Accident Causation

Various commentators have expressed dissatisfaction at the predominant methods of analysing and preventing accidents. An ethnographic study, little used as a method for investigating industrial accident production, was carried out on a French construction site. This produced new insights into how accidents are produced. Working within an actionalist perspective a theoretical model of industrial accident production is built. This model is derived from the sociology of work, its workings are illustrated by reference to our field study and some of the literature. This model ruptures with the dominant means of analysing accident causation and of conceiving accident prevention. The article tentatively suggests that the social relations of work may become a central and profitable focus of future attempts to analyse and prevent industrial accidents.

‘It ain’t nothing like America with the Bloods and the Crips’: Gang narratives inside two English prisons

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coretta Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Narrative Interviews ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Male Prisoners

This article explores recent concerns about the emergence of gangs in prisons in England and Wales. Using narrative interviews with male prisoners as part of an ethnographic study of ethnicity and social relations, the social meaning of ‘the gang’ inside prison is interrogated. A formally organized gang presence was categorically denied by prisoners. However, the term ‘gang’ was sometimes elided with loose collectives of prisoners who find mutual support in prison based on a neighbourhood territorial identification. Gangs were also discussed as racialized groups, most often symbolized in the motif of the ‘Muslim gang’. This racializing discourse hinted at an envy of prisoner solidarity and cohesion which upsets the idea of a universal prisoner identity. The broader conceptual, empirical and political implications of these findings are considered.

scholarly journals Client or Volunteer? Understanding Neoliberalism and Neocolonialism Within International Volunteer Health Work

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 233339361879295
Author(s):  
Oona St-Amant ◽  
Catherine Ward-Griffin ◽  
Helene Berman ◽  
Arja Vainio-Mattila
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Health Work ◽  
Social Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Volunteer

As international volunteer health work increases globally, research pertaining to the social organizations that coordinate the volunteer experience in the Global South has severely lagged. The purpose of this ethnographic study was to critically examine the social organizations within Canadian NGOs in the provision of health work in Tanzania. Multiple, concurrent data collection methods, including text analysis, participant observation and in-depth interviews were utilized. Data collection occurred in Tanzania and Canada. Neoliberalism and neocolonialism were pervasive in international volunteer health work. In this study, the social relations—“volunteer as client,” “experience as commodity,” and “free market evaluation”—coordinated the volunteer experience, whereby the volunteers became “the client” over the local community and resulting in an asymmetrical relationship. These findings illuminate the need to generate additional awareness and response related to social inequities embedded in international volunteer health work.

The Effects of the Social Relations of Production on Productivity and Workers' Safety: An Ignored Set of Relationships

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Grunberg
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
The Social

This paper considers the interrelationships between the social relations of production, workers' safety, and the productivity of labor. The argument is that the social relations of production directly influence the intensity of labor (one facet of labor productivity), which in turn influences the rate of industrial accidents (one aspect of workers' safety). These relationships are illustrated with data from a carefully controlled comparison between two Chrysler plants in Europe in 1976 (Poissy in France and Ryton in England). The data are from internal company sources and are considered very reliable. The data show that Poissy had a higher labor productivity than Ryton, although both made the same car. This is partly accounted for by differences in the intensity of labor at the two plants. The evidence strongly suggests that a key reason for this difference lies in the contrasting nature of the social relations of production at the two plants. Ryton workers were better organized and more militant on the shop floor than were Poissy workers. Finally, it was found that the accident rate was about sixty times higher at Poissy than at Ryton, which provides strong support for the interrelationships proposed.

Het zakenevenement als veldwerkplek?De auteur bedankt Tessel Jonquière, Geert de Vries en Fred Wester voor commentaar op dit essay. De eerste aanzetten ervoor kwamen tot stand tijdens de colleges kwalitatieve methodologie die de auteur doceert aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen.

KWALON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost Beuving
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Business Economics ◽  
Business Elites ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
Business Events ◽  
Field Schools

Business event as fieldwork site? A major methodological problem in the ethnographic study of international business elites is to make visible the social relations they draw and depend on. Business elites constitute a highly mobile social category and they mediate a growing portion of everyday social interaction via online, digital means. They are elusive, therefore, and that compromises the possibility of making direct observations of their social practices, which erodes the scope to ethnographically study this important group in the world economy. The essay shows how fieldwork on business events, such as conferences, expositions, and trade fairs, can help to overcome this problem. Such events constitute focal points and moments of crystallization in globally operating social networks, making visible a part of the international business ‘theatre’ that normally lags hidden. By presenting excerpts from recent fieldwork carried out in Belgium, Greece and the Netherlands, I give an impression of observables in this theatre, aiming especially at fostering an awareness of social behavior ‘backstage’ with a view to formulating further questions. The essay concludes with a plea to include business events as ‘field schools’ in study programs looking at international business elites, such as business schools and/or business economics.

scholarly journals The influence of spatial attributes on users’ information behaviour in academic libraries: a case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Ilako ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Makerere University ◽  
Information Behaviour ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Social ◽  
Library Users ◽  
Spatial Attributes

Introduction. Information practices manifest differently among diverse library users, because space influences the different activities that library users engage in. Lefebvre’s spatial triad theory was used to illustrate how library spaces influence spatial activities and hence affect information behaviour of users. Method. A qualitative, ethnographic study method was applied. Participant observations and interviews with library users were conducted from May to December 2019 within Makerere University. Analysis. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results. Information behaviour appears as the central activity within the library spaces, within those spaces and academic and non-academic behaviour manifest as a result of user engagement within the different spaces. It was thus revealed that different attributes support users’ activities such as reading, discussionsamong users and therefore sharping their space preference. Conclusion. Space is both a physical and social object that has a direct influence on its inhabitants’ spatial activities, perceptions and experiences. The concept that space is socially constructed is empirically supported through the social relations that users create as they engage in different activities. The availability of space attributes such as enclosed spaces, noise levels, lighting and space attachment influence the spatial activities and experience of users in a positive or negative way.

scholarly journals Bourdieu’s theory and the social constructivism of Berger and Luckmann

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-537
Author(s):  
Milos Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

The paper compares Pierre Bourdieu?s sociological approach with the one developed by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann. The aim of the paper is to identify the complementarities and incongruences of these approaches. The main similarity consists in the intention to ?dialectically? overcome/bridge the gap between ?objectivism? and ?subjectivism? in social theory. Another parallel includes a negative attitude towards the relativistic tendencies of postmodernism. These authors share the thematization of: the body as a locus of social influences, the centrality of language in social life, the social functions of knowledge, and the importance of power in social relations. Differences in theorizing are attributed to the different intellectual, theoretical, and socio-cultural contexts in which these scientists operated. The divergences of these theoretical approaches become evident when one examines the different meaning and significance attached to the concepts of individuation, structure, action, habitus and habitualization, structure of relevance and relation of common-sense and scientific knowledge. Finally, there is a visible difference in political views: Bourdieu was a critic ?from the left,? while Berger and Luckmann were self-proclaimed liberal conservatives.

scholarly journals The Social Relations of a Health Walk Group: An Ethnographic Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1701-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Grant ◽  
Nick Pollard ◽  
Peter Allmark ◽  
Kasia Machaczek ◽  
Paul Ramcharan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
The Social

The Prostatic Imperative and the Social Relations of Medical Technology

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Willis
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
The Social

AbstractA sociological approach to medical technology assessment is outlined in this paper, first in general and then with specific reference to controversies surrounding the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing to population screening for prostate cancer.

scholarly journals An Ideology of Client-Oriented Service: Institutional and Commonality-Based Foundations

2019 ◽  
pp. 418-427
Author(s):  
Snezhana Ramsina
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Advantageous Position ◽  
Market Relations

The relevance of studying ideological foundations of service is determined by the significance of service in the system of social relations at the level of social commonalities interactions. An institutional regulation of the interaction between subjects of service requires exploring ways of institutional and commonality–based development of the participants’ social ties: consumers, representatives of the business community of the servicing sector and state agencies. Institutional characteristics of service disclose its links to social processes and reveal the problems of social interactions between different community subjects. A sociological approach allows for identifying opportunities for shaping sustainable service interaction of social commonalities. The study aims to explore institutional and commonality-based foundations of the ideology of service – the necessity to create an organizational model of service capable of extending the boundaries of client-orientation in service interactions is actualized. Based on the tradition of symbolic interactionism, commonality-driven, institutional, functional, and system approaches in sociology conditions for forming the social balance of the interests of service subjects at commonality-based and institutional levels of interaction were found. A commonality approach complemented by the theory of marketing made it possible to characterize the nature of the social impact of each service subject on the substance and forms of interaction. The social context of shaping relationships between interacting commonalities is characterized from the perspective of an institutional approach. The ideology of client-orientedness is able to overcome institutional controversies, provide stability in the social space of service practices. The focus of servicing business on the satisfaction of consumer needs defines the advantageous position of the consumer in market relations of service communality-based triad. Collaboration between entrepreneurs and the authorities is targeted to the provision of a fulfilling life of the citizens- the consumer within the framework of state policy and business efforts in the servicing sector of the economy.

Temporary Communitas at an Iconic Cricket Event: An Ethnographic Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Lockstone-Binney ◽  
Judith Mair ◽  
Tom Baum ◽  
Faith Ong
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
The Social ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

The nature of events demand uniqueness and memorability, but the specific elements of experience that produce these have not been deeply examined, particularly over the course of the event experience. Much of this relies heavily on event places and the social relations they facilitate. This research used the concept of temporary communitas and built on the Event Experience Scale (EES) through an ethnographic study of an iconic multi-day, spectator driven sporting event. Solicited participant diaries of eight friends and family who travelled to attend the 2017 Boxing Day Ashes Test in Melbourne, Australia, were collected pre, during and post-event to capture the event experience as it emerged over time. Qualitative analysis of the ethnographic accounts revealed four event experience themes (competition, emotions and atmosphere, special experience and interactions), which collectively were connected to a strong sense of temporary communitas. These themes were evident across the event cycle, providing insight into the nuances of the event experience, and highlighting the importance of understanding the social relations generated in the event place pre- and post-event. Consequently, it is suggested that revision to the existing EES instrument is required to more comprehensively assess for temporary communitas as part of the event experience. Future studies could usefully test the factor structure of the EES with and without the suggested additional temporary communitas items and compare both models on the basis of their reliability and validity.

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