Tourists’ Behavioral Characteristics Regarding Island-Based Tourism Destinations through the Perspective of Spatial Constraints: A Case Study of Yangma Island in China

The factors affecting tourist behavior are complex and diverse, but research on its effect from a purely spatial perspective is still limited. The aim of this paper is to explore the dichotomous interaction between tourists and islands: the behavioral patterns of tourists in island destinations and the mechanisms by which island spaces constrain tourist behavior. This study uses fine-grained global positioning system (GPS) tracking data actively authorized and released by tourists. We empirically studied tourist behavior from a spatial constraint perspective and discovered the following: island space has a strong influence and constraining effect on tourist behavior; different spatial attributes have different constraining effects on tourist behavior; and people with different identities interact with different attributes of space to produce different spatial properties, resulting in a ‘harmony-contradiction’ model of spatial interaction. These findings are of great value in expanding the perspective of spatial constraints and exploring the interactions between people and land. They are also of great practical significance in promoting spatial planning synergy, facilitating the construction of high-quality island-based tourism destinations, and building a harmonious relationship between people and land.

Mobility Dynamics amid COVID-19 with a Case Study in Tennessee

The year 2020 has marked the spread of a global pandemic, COVID-19, challenging many aspects of our daily lives. Different organizations have been involved in controlling this outbreak. The social distancing intervention is deemed to be the most effective policy in reducing face-to-face contact and slowing down the rate of infections. Stay-at-home and shelter-in-place orders have been implemented in different states and cities, affecting daily traffic patterns. Social distancing interventions and fear of the disease resulted in a traffic decline in cities and counties. However, after stay-at-home orders ended and some public places reopened, traffic gradually started to revert to pre-pandemic levels. It can be shown that counties have diverse patterns in the decline and recovery phases. This study analyzes county-level mobility change after the pandemic, explores the contributing factors, and identifies possible spatial heterogeneity. To this end, 95 counties in Tennessee have been selected as the study area to perform geographically weighted regressions (GWR) models. The results show that density on non-freeway roads, median household income, percent of unemployment, population density, percent of people over age 65, percent of people under age 18, percent of work from home, and mean time to work are significantly correlated with vehicle miles traveled change magnitude in both decline and recovery phases. Also, the GWR estimation captures the spatial heterogeneity and local variation in coefficients among counties. Finally, the results imply that the recovery phase could be estimated depending on the identified spatial attributes. The proposed model can help agencies and researchers estimate and manage decline and recovery based on spatial factors in similar events in the future.

HEDONIC MODELING OF HOUSING PURCHASE/SALE DENSITY WITH URBAN CHANGE FACTORS

Due to the industrialization in the cities, land needs have appeared in the increasing urban population. These needs have created houses with the accumulate of collective living spaces in the city. It is necessary to determine the supply-demand relationship and value of these real estates with economic importance for smart urban management systems and decision support systems in the market. The value of real estate varies according to the country in which it is located, but in general, it is affected by many factors such as spatial attributes, demographic factors, building factors, economic conditions. Depending on these factors, values and purchase-sale densities of housing also change.In this study, for prediction of housing purchase-sale density, hedonic modeling was realized with 15 features from urban change factors. Urban change factors that affect the purchase/sale of housing such as land use, demographic factors, population density and structural factors have been examined through Geographic Information System (GIS). The hedonic regression method was used for predicting the density of housing purchase/sale. As a result of the modeling, it was found as R2 = 0,85.

A regional approach to ancient urban studies in Greece through multi-settlement geophysical survey

The systematic exploration of large archaeological sites in the Mediterranean has evolved considerably since the “big dig” excavations. Pedestrian field surveying and remote sensing applications, including satellite and airborne image analysis, are now practical and relatively cost-efficient methods of characterizing large and diachronically diverse landscapes on regional scales. However, the use of geophysical techniques as a means for exploring manifold archaeological contexts is still in its infancy. In this paper, we highlight the advantages of archaeological geophysics to conduct regional surveys in the Mediterranean. Through a multi-site geophysical fieldwork campaign to investigate the patterns and dynamics of ancient cities in Greece, we show how geophysics offer new opportunities for characterizing the spatial attributes and regional dynamics of urban landscapes, and, in doing so, we make an argument for its wider adoption on regional survey projects.

Designing Dynamic Systems For Advancing Aesthetic Spatial Engagement In Sound Art

<p>This thesis documents three years of extensive research into the field of sonic spatial expression and is the culmination of years of fascination about all of the ways music is made. In particular, it focuses on the way sounds move through space. This research stems from artistic practice and a desire to deeply explore spatial aesthetics in sound art. A potential for further development of tools designed for aesthetic engagement with spatial attributes of music is identified. It is proposed that with new tools designed for the manipulation of spatial attributes, new spatial aesthetics might emerge. In exploring this proposition, a number of contributions to the field of spatial sound art are presented. The main approach taken is to apply new technologies to the design of spatialisation performance interfaces. It is hoped that in designing novel interfaces that specifically engage with spatial parameters, new ways for aesthetically engaging with space will be afforded for composers and performers. The tools designed all aim to exhibit a high level of intuitiveness in their control systems, allowing non- expert users access to these spatially expressive tools. Additionally, the new tools aim to provide high levels of expressivity so that advanced composers who are looking for new ways to use space expressively may also use them. This thesis focuses on the design, development, implementation, analysis, and artistic use of new spatial interfaces. The design methodology implemented for all of the interfaces includes both testing and analysis phases that involve the composition and performance of new musical works. The development of the interfaces is closely coupled with the development of the new musical works, with each design phase applied to a new work and each new work or spatial idea exploring the new aesthetics afforded by the tools. The assessment of these new tools takes various forms: they are assessed by critical evaluation of the new works created, by user study evaluations from other composers who utilise the tools, and, where appropriate, by quantifiable methods of evaluation that are adopted to assess specific spatialisation tools. The new musical interfaces presented, described, and evaluated in this document were conceived of as musical instruments, each affording new approaches to spatial expression. This document also details an extensive collection of new musical works that feature the interfaces. It concludes by suggesting future directions for this research body and the spatialisation interface design field.</p>

Designing Dynamic Systems For Advancing Aesthetic Spatial Engagement In Sound Art

<p>This thesis documents three years of extensive research into the field of sonic spatial expression and is the culmination of years of fascination about all of the ways music is made. In particular, it focuses on the way sounds move through space. This research stems from artistic practice and a desire to deeply explore spatial aesthetics in sound art. A potential for further development of tools designed for aesthetic engagement with spatial attributes of music is identified. It is proposed that with new tools designed for the manipulation of spatial attributes, new spatial aesthetics might emerge. In exploring this proposition, a number of contributions to the field of spatial sound art are presented. The main approach taken is to apply new technologies to the design of spatialisation performance interfaces. It is hoped that in designing novel interfaces that specifically engage with spatial parameters, new ways for aesthetically engaging with space will be afforded for composers and performers. The tools designed all aim to exhibit a high level of intuitiveness in their control systems, allowing non- expert users access to these spatially expressive tools. Additionally, the new tools aim to provide high levels of expressivity so that advanced composers who are looking for new ways to use space expressively may also use them. This thesis focuses on the design, development, implementation, analysis, and artistic use of new spatial interfaces. The design methodology implemented for all of the interfaces includes both testing and analysis phases that involve the composition and performance of new musical works. The development of the interfaces is closely coupled with the development of the new musical works, with each design phase applied to a new work and each new work or spatial idea exploring the new aesthetics afforded by the tools. The assessment of these new tools takes various forms: they are assessed by critical evaluation of the new works created, by user study evaluations from other composers who utilise the tools, and, where appropriate, by quantifiable methods of evaluation that are adopted to assess specific spatialisation tools. The new musical interfaces presented, described, and evaluated in this document were conceived of as musical instruments, each affording new approaches to spatial expression. This document also details an extensive collection of new musical works that feature the interfaces. It concludes by suggesting future directions for this research body and the spatialisation interface design field.</p>

Objective and Subjective Determinants of Neighborhood Satisfaction in the Context of Retrofitting Suburbs

A strong preference for suburban living has led to extensively developed suburbs that need retrofitting by improving their compactness. However, an attempt to make suburban areas more sustainable only by shaping their spatial form, without considering individual demands and preferences, is usually ineffective. The aim of this research is to better understand the factors that are important for suburban neighborhood satisfaction and to determine the relationship between neighborhood satisfaction and both the objective spatial attributes reflecting different levels of spatial chaos and satisfaction with particular neighborhood characteristics. The factor analysis and a linear multiple regression model have revealed that there are four significant subjective factors explaining neighborhood satisfaction, namely: assessed suburban assets, assessed accessibility, assessed walkability, and assessed mental and social attitude towards the neighborhood. Among these, the assessed accessibility is the most important predictor of the neighborhood satisfaction and synthetic indicator of spatial chaos the least significant one. Although the research proved that subjective measures are more important determinants of neighborhood satisfaction, fighting urban sprawl should be based on the interference in both subjective evaluations and objective spatial attributes, since two of the four subjective factors are likely to be strongly influenced by improving accessibility in the process of retrofitting suburbs.

Correlations between Spatial Attributes and Visitor Stay in Chinese Gardens: A Case Study of the Ningbo Tianyige Museum Gardens

Despite the growing popularity of Chinese gardens, few studies have explored Chinese garden tourism and the relationship between garden space and visitor behavior. Addressing this gap, this study examines the correlations between spatial attributes and visitor stay distribution in the Ningbo Tianyige Museum gardens. This study divided the garden space into twenty units across four types—water, architecture, veranda, and rockery—and identified spatial attributes using measurements and configurational calculations. Visitor stay data was comprised of 1061 cases with a stay interval of more than 30 s in three investigation periods. Results produced three primary findings. First, architecture and water spaces had the highest visitor stay density, followed by veranda space and then rockery space. Second, there is a correlation between visitor stay density and six spatial attributes: integration, choice, width, length, enclosure ratio, and seating. Third, although each type has distinctive attributes, they can be divided into two groups: (1) spacious and highly accessible open spaces (water and architecture types); (2) long narrow spaces with low accessibility and abundant seating facilities (veranda and rockery types). By exploring the relationship between Chinese gardens and modern tourism, this study provides valuable insights and suggestions for the planning and management of Chinese garden tourism.

Resilience Assessment of healthcare facilities within urban context: Learning from a non-profit hospital in Tehran, Iran

Tehran's healthcare system is under increasing strain due to population expansion and a lack of disaster preparedness measures. The purpose of this paper is to analyze hospital resilience in an urban setting to identify areas for improvement to keep the studied hospital operational during a crisis. In this study, the Urban Resilience Index (URI) in Amir-Alam hospital was assessed using a customized version of the City Resilience Profiling Tool (CRPT) established by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR). The 36 indicators were analyzed in 5 components. The result has revealed that the hospital's urban resilience score was calculated to be 51.75 out of 100, indicating medium resilience, while, regarding the critical indicators, the score was 20.25 out of 60, which is not acceptable. The physical, organizational, and spatial attributes of the Amir-Alam hospital are among the least resilient, but the functional and dynamic characteristics are reasonably decent.

Evidence-Based Design for Workplace Violence Prevention in Emergency Departments Utilizing CPTED and Space Syntax Analyses

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) is a prevalent phenomenon in Egyptian emergency departments (EDs), an issue that threatens an already scarce resource of healthcare workers. Furthermore, changes and modifications are continuously taking place in hospitals, with no consideration to the important role those changes might play in reducing or encouraging WPV behaviors. Objective: This research serves as an initial step in offering answers on how the environmental design of an ED can be modified and manipulated to prevent and control WPV. Accordingly, the objective of this research is to identify the environmental features that potentially influence WPV in the ED. This could provide healthcare designers with the necessary tools to forecast the location of WPV and define the measures needed for a safer working environment. Method: The study comprised a hybrid method approach that evaluates the implementation of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) through field observation and combined with space syntax analyses (SSAs) of the spatial attributes. Results: The results showed a positive relationship between the spatial properties (high integration and connectivity values) and WPV locations. The results also demonstrated that situational factors as natural surveillance played an important role in displacing the WPV locations. Conclusions: The contribution of this research lies in elaborating the SSA and CPTED from a conceptual to an empirical level. Combining those tools will help identify the location of WPV in the ED and hence facilitates successful future environmental intervention strategies.