scholarly journals Knowledge guardianship, custodianship and ethics: a Melanesian perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabini Sanga ◽  
Martyn Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Communities ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Binary Approach ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Knowledge Area ◽  
Secret Knowledge

© The Author(s) 2020. Across the world, knowledge communities categorise and attach conditions of guardianship to different kinds of knowledge. For private or secret knowledge, those responsible for its care have obligations for arranging and restricting transmission to ensure community survival. While an insider/outsider positionality is often used to navigate this knowledge area, a binary approach is unhelpful. Taking a more relational reading of positionality, we support a dynamic understanding of the transmission of restricted knowledge, using relevant principles of guardianship or custodianship. Based on a Melanesian Solomon Islands tribe, the study sketches a set of principles and shows how they operate in practice. Our intents are to honour the contribution that Melanesian thought makes to rethinking research dichotomies regarding secret knowledge, that readers appreciate the dynamic nature of knowledge guardianship, and that this case study enhances the discussion on ethical entitlement to, or restriction of, Indigenous knowledge in the Pacific region and beyond.

scholarly journals Knowledge guardianship, custodianship and ethics: a Melanesian perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabini Sanga ◽  
Martyn Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Communities ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Binary Approach ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Knowledge Area ◽  
Secret Knowledge

© The Author(s) 2020. Across the world, knowledge communities categorise and attach conditions of guardianship to different kinds of knowledge. For private or secret knowledge, those responsible for its care have obligations for arranging and restricting transmission to ensure community survival. While an insider/outsider positionality is often used to navigate this knowledge area, a binary approach is unhelpful. Taking a more relational reading of positionality, we support a dynamic understanding of the transmission of restricted knowledge, using relevant principles of guardianship or custodianship. Based on a Melanesian Solomon Islands tribe, the study sketches a set of principles and shows how they operate in practice. Our intents are to honour the contribution that Melanesian thought makes to rethinking research dichotomies regarding secret knowledge, that readers appreciate the dynamic nature of knowledge guardianship, and that this case study enhances the discussion on ethical entitlement to, or restriction of, Indigenous knowledge in the Pacific region and beyond.

scholarly journals Knowledge guardianship, custodianship and ethics: a Melanesian perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Kabini Sanga ◽  
Martyn Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Communities ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Binary Approach ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Knowledge Area ◽  
Secret Knowledge

Across the world, knowledge communities categorise and attach conditions of guardianship to different kinds of knowledge. For private or secret knowledge, those responsible for its care have obligations for arranging and restricting transmission to ensure community survival. While an insider/outsider positionality is often used to navigate this knowledge area, a binary approach is unhelpful. Taking a more relational reading of positionality, we support a dynamic understanding of the transmission of restricted knowledge, using relevant principles of guardianship or custodianship. Based on a Melanesian Solomon Islands tribe, the study sketches a set of principles and shows how they operate in practice. Our intents are to honour the contribution that Melanesian thought makes to rethinking research dichotomies regarding secret knowledge, that readers appreciate the dynamic nature of knowledge guardianship, and that this case study enhances the discussion on ethical entitlement to, or restriction of, Indigenous knowledge in the Pacific region and beyond.

scholarly journals The Orchids of Tonga, Niue, and the Cook Islands

Lankesteriana ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Cribb ◽  
Arthur Whistler
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Cook Islands ◽  
Society Islands ◽  
Present Book ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Pacific Species

Orchids are one of the largest families of flowering plants in the Pacific region, especially in the tropics. Despite the remoteness of Tonga, Niue, and the Cook Islands, orchids have reached them in some numbers. Both terrestrial and epiphytic genera are well represented in the floras of these distant but neighboring archipelagos. Most of the species are found elsewhere in the Pacific, particularly in Fiji, Samoa, and the Society Islands. The affinities of these orchids can be traced to New Guinea and the adjacent archipelagos. New Guinea, with an estimated 3000 species that make it one of the richest orchid floras in the world, is a fertile source of seed for the scattered islands that lie to its east and southeast. The orchids appear to have reached Tonga, Niue, and the Cook Islands in recent times. Only two species, Habenaria amplifolia from Rarotonga and Robiquetia tongaensis from Tonga, are endemic to the islands covered in the present book, and both are closely related to more widespread Pacific species. This guide constitutes the fourth of a series of orchid floristic treatments that have so far covered Vanuatu (Lewis & Cribb 1989), the Solomon Islands and Bougainville (Lewis & Cribb 1991), and Samoa (Cribb & Whistler 1996). A recent, excellent and detailed account of the Fijian orchid flora (Kores 1991) has also been a valuable source for those interested in Pacific islands orchids. These accounts have generated renewed interest in the orchid floras of those archipelagos, leading to new discoveries and re-interpretations of several species. We hope that this small guide will likewise bring a renewal of interest in not only the orchids, but also the floras of these islands as a whole. 

scholarly journals Local Participation or Elite Capture in Sheep’s Clothing? A Conundrum of Locally Led Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
Aidan Craney
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Change ◽  
Green Growth ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Elite Capture ◽  
Local Participation ◽  
Leadership Potential ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Local Levels

This article discusses concepts of legitimacy and elite capture in locally led development through a case study of the Pacific-based Green Growth Leaders’ Coalition (GGLC). GGLC is a fellowship of persons identified for their developmental leadership potential on issues of sustainability and economic growth. Members are recruited into an exclusive grouping dedicated to influencing positive developmental change through informal networks and political backchannels. With their membership representing people who both self-identify and are locally recognised as leaders, queries exist to the extent to which their efforts represent a shift towards greater ownership of developmental processes at local levels or simply reinforce elite capture of ‘local voice’ in the most aid-dependent region in the world. Rather than necessarily offering straightforward answers to questions of legitimacy and elite capture, the example of GGLC demonstrates how complex the notion of locally led development can be in practice.

scholarly journals Enhanced syndromic surveillance for mass gatherings in the Pacific: a case study of the 11th Festival of Pacific Arts in Solomon Islands, 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Hoy ◽  
Salanieta Saketa ◽  
Roy Roger Maraka ◽  
Alison Sio ◽  
Ian Wanyeki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Sign language interpreting in the Pacific: A snapshot of progress in raising the participation of deaf people

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Rachel McKee ◽  
Jacqueline Iseli ◽  
Angela Murray
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Sign Language Interpreters ◽  
Practical Support ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sign Language Interpreting

Abstract Barriers to acquiring and using a shared sign language alienate deaf children and adults from their fundamental human rights to communication, education, social and economic participation, and access to services. International data collected by the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) identify that in economically developing countries, deaf individuals are at particularly high risk of marginalization, which applies to countries in the Pacific region. This report provides a snapshot of the status of deaf people as sign language users in six Pacific nations: Fiji, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste and Kiribati. Information was contributed by sign language interpreters from these countries during a panel convened at the first Oceania regional conference of the World Association of Sign Language Interpreters, in Fiji, 2018. The report outlines conditions for education through sign language and the emergence of sign language interpreting as a means of increasing access and social equity for deaf people in these countries, albeit this remains largely on a voluntary basis. While Fiji and PNG governments have recognized the status of sign languages in their respective countries and allocated some resources to the inclusion of sign language users, practical support of deaf sign language users tends to be progressed on grounds of disability rights rather than language rights; e.g., several Pacific countries have ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights for People with Disabilities, which includes provisions for sign language users, and deaf advocacy efforts have gained political traction from alliance with disability organizations.

scholarly journals A Tactical Framework for Market Penetration with a Multidimensional Organization

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel D. Bigley
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Organization Design ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Strategic Posture ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
The World

<p><em>A critical element to the growth opportunities in existing markets and new markets in neighboring sectors is penetration strategies. An entrepreneurial business that is interested in leveraging synergies to grow profitability must understand the dynamic nature of the market so that a suitable strategic posture can be taken. This strategy could be driven by tactical and deliberate action, or another exogenous force. The opportunities are there in many sectors and customers of multinational enterprises (MNE’s) exist almost everywhere. Cross border B2C e-commerce is expected to double by 2022 according to Forrester Research. So, how do MNE’s efficiently penetrate within segments and across geographic markets? Scaling opportunities exist across a multidimensional design (MDD) and the synergy opportunities between sites. This article describes methods and capabilities of market penetration ideally suited for an MDD. These themes emerged in the data when MDD leaders were asked about the roles of each function. In this case study an MNE utilized a multidimensional organization design to reach customers in many parts of the world. The author presents findings from this case and ultimately extracts ten propositions to guide client penetration strategy. Absent these measures, risk of revenue loss is enhanced significantly.</em></p>

scholarly journals Media and global conflict: An International Crisis Group case study

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Duffield
Keyword(s):  
The European Union ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Global Power ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
International Crisis Group

The Pacific region is part of a larger world, far from being as isolated from centres of global power as a glance at the map might imply, but instead caught up in a web of multilateral relations with binding effects on its future progress and prosperity. This article considers such connections, in regard to both governmental and non-governmental agencies, referring in particular to the proliferation of highly influential non-governmental organisations in the region, as in the world at large. It treats the European Union handling of the December 2006 Fijian coup d'état and its aftermath as a case study in government-to-government relations, and it provides secondly a detailed case study on the operations of one outstanding example of a non-governmental organisation, the International Crisis Group. 

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

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