scholarly journals Towards a framework for certification of reliable autonomous systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fisher ◽  
Viviana Mascardi ◽  
Kristin Yvonne Rozier ◽  
Bernd-Holger Schlingloff ◽  
Michael Winikoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Autonomous System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Automated Verification ◽  
Unmanned Aerial System ◽  
Computational System ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines

AbstractA computational system is called autonomous if it is able to make its own decisions, or take its own actions, without human supervision or control. The capability and spread of such systems have reached the point where they are beginning to touch much of everyday life. However, regulators grapple with how to deal with autonomous systems, for example how could we certify an Unmanned Aerial System for autonomous use in civilian airspace? We here analyse what is needed in order to provide verified reliable behaviour of an autonomous system, analyse what can be done as the state-of-the-art in automated verification, and propose a roadmap towards developing regulatory guidelines, including articulating challenges to researchers, to engineers, and to regulators. Case studies in seven distinct domains illustrate the article.

scholarly journals Towards a framework for certification of reliable autonomous systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fisher ◽  
Viviana Mascardi ◽  
Kristin Yvonne Rozier ◽  
Bernd-Holger Schlingloff ◽  
Michael Winikoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Autonomous System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Automated Verification ◽  
Unmanned Aerial System ◽  
Computational System ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines

AbstractA computational system is called autonomous if it is able to make its own decisions, or take its own actions, without human supervision or control. The capability and spread of such systems have reached the point where they are beginning to touch much of everyday life. However, regulators grapple with how to deal with autonomous systems, for example how could we certify an Unmanned Aerial System for autonomous use in civilian airspace? We here analyse what is needed in order to provide verified reliable behaviour of an autonomous system, analyse what can be done as the state-of-the-art in automated verification, and propose a roadmap towards developing regulatory guidelines, including articulating challenges to researchers, to engineers, and to regulators. Case studies in seven distinct domains illustrate the article.

scholarly journals Towards a framework for certification of reliable autonomous systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fisher ◽  
Viviana Mascardi ◽  
Kristin Yvonne Rozier ◽  
Bernd-Holger Schlingloff ◽  
Michael Winikoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Autonomous System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Automated Verification ◽  
Unmanned Aerial System ◽  
Computational System ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines

AbstractA computational system is called autonomous if it is able to make its own decisions, or take its own actions, without human supervision or control. The capability and spread of such systems have reached the point where they are beginning to touch much of everyday life. However, regulators grapple with how to deal with autonomous systems, for example how could we certify an Unmanned Aerial System for autonomous use in civilian airspace? We here analyse what is needed in order to provide verified reliable behaviour of an autonomous system, analyse what can be done as the state-of-the-art in automated verification, and propose a roadmap towards developing regulatory guidelines, including articulating challenges to researchers, to engineers, and to regulators. Case studies in seven distinct domains illustrate the article.

scholarly journals Whom is political science for?

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Andrea Theocharis ◽  
Marcus Graetsch
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Political Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The State ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Status ◽  
Internet Discussion

We all study political science, but - what do we actually do here anyway? This essay expresses our thoughts about our subject. The everyday life in University doesn’t seem to give enough space for questioning what is this all about. Maybe a debate on that issue does not exist extensively because of fears of the loss of entitlement. The aim of this essay is to support the heightening of student’s awareness about the status quo of research and teaching in political science as we can judge it from our modest experiences. Trying to get to the basis of such a problem is not easy. The things here written are surely not the state of the art, but they could shine a better light on the problem what had been called the 'politics of political science' in an earlier Internet discussion on the IAPSS website. This paper should be understood as a start for a discussion, where we all can express our surely different experiences and ideas.

scholarly journals Virtual realities and education

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor D.D. Curcio ◽  
Anna Dipace ◽  
Anita Norlund
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Virtual Realities

Abstract The purpose of this article is to highlight the state of the art of virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality technologies and their applications in formal education. We also present a selected list of case studies that prove the utility of these technologies in the context of formal education. Furthermore, as byproduct, the mentioned case studies show also that, although the industry is able to develop very advanced virtual environment technologies, their pedagogical implications are strongly related to a well-designed theoretical framework.

scholarly journals 4D printing – revolution or fad?

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eujin Pei
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Additive Manufacture ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Review State

Purpose – This feature article aims to review state-of-the-art developments in additive manufacture, in particular, 4D printing. It discusses what it is, what research has been carried out and maps potential applications and its future impact. Design/methodology/approach – The article first defines additive manufacturing technologies and goes on to describe the state-of-the-art. Following which the paper examines several case studies and maps a trend that shows an emergence of 4D printing. Findings – The case studies highlight a particular specialization within additive manufacture where the use of adaptive, biomimetic composites can be programmed to reshape, or have embedded properties or functionality that transform themselves when subjected to external stimuli. Originality/value – This paper discusses the state-of-the-art of additive manufacture, discussing strategies that can be used to reduce the print process (such as through kinematics); and the use of smart materials where parts adapt themselves in response to the surrounding environment supporting the notion of self-assemblies.

scholarly journals Architecting Software for the Internet of Thing Based Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Alreshidi ◽  
Aakash Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Software Architecture ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Mapping Study ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Internet Of Thing

Context—Internet of Thing (IoT) based systems support any-time/place computations by interconnecting humans, systems, services, devices, and things that enabling autonomous systems to shape-up digitized societies. Software architecture, as the blue-print of software-intensive systems, abstracts the complexities of modeling, design, development, and evolution phases of a software to engineer complex IoT driven systems effectively and efficiently. Objectives and Method—Research and development efforts are required to exploit architectural principle and practices to design and develop IoT systems to go beyond the state-of-the-art for IoTs. The objectives of this research are to empirically investigate and systematically classify the state-of-the-art on architecting IoT based software. We have used the Evidence Based Software Engineering (EBSE) method to conduct a mapping study of the existing IoT solutions by investigating 88 qualitatively selected studies. Results and Implications—The results of the mapping study highlight various research themes that exploit software architecture models to develop IoT systems. The identified research themes include, but are not limited to, cloud-based software ecosystems, software defined networking, autonomous, and adaptive software and agent-based systems that IoTs drive. The mapping study suggests that futuristic research on architecting IoT software is focused on architectural languages and patterns that support reusability, automation, and human decision support to develop and dynamically adapt IoT software. The mapping study represents a concentrated knowledge regarding architectural principle and practices to facilitate knowledge transfer—benefiting researchers and practitioners—on the role of software architecture for IoT systems.

Community and Collaboration Tools to Frame the New Working Environment

2009 ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
Mariano Corso ◽  
Antonella Martini ◽  
Alessandro Piva
Keyword(s):  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Actionable Knowledge ◽  
Collaboration Tools

This chapter focuses on the community and collaboration tools as means of creating business communities of practice (CoPs). First, the state-of-the art of these tools is presented with respect to diffusion and usage, and then emergent communities are analysed in terms of targets, goals, models and barriers. The research is based on 16 retrospective case studies that cover more than 50% of the banking sector in Italy by number of employees and refer to 33 communities. The findings provide interesting elements and suggestions to develop a community in a banking context. The authors aim to develop actionable knowledge to support management in understanding how to manage a business CoP, in order to create value for both the organization and its members.

Lived Secularism: Studies in India and Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-764
Author(s):  
Anna Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Nationalism ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Sacred Sites ◽  
Political Networks ◽  
Political Principle ◽  
Religious Other ◽  
Ways Of Being

AbstractPlaces of interreligious encounter provide opportunities to understand secularity as an experience, one that almost necessarily involves the religious other. As the meaning and operations of secularism and its entanglements with the state vary across cultural and legal systems, this is also a fruitful terrain for comparison, particularly regarding states in which the structures of governance are bound up with some form of political secularism. The case studies presented here explore formations of secularism in India and Turkey by paying attention to how the secular works in everyday life through interreligious relations at shared sacred sites. Personal understandings and experiences of multireligious coexistence oftentimes are articulated and performed through arenas of mundane interaction, giving shape and substance to otherwise abstract concepts of pluralism, secularism, and laicism. However, these ways of being secular exist within frames of intensifying religious nationalism in which the secular is being redefined by state actors and political networks to protect and promote the majority’s religious sensibilities. In this shifting landscape, secularism is reworked as a tool of the ruling parties in Turkey and India to further their religio-political agendas. Comparing cases of lived secularism in India and Turkey reveals a constellation of shifting meanings and sensibilities around sharing polities and places with religious others. Whether peacefully shared or contested, monumental or wayside, shared shrines expose the mundane ways in which the secular is a shifting signifier, sometimes evoking a political principle, sometimes an ethical ideal, and sometimes an oppressive, antireligious ideology. This article identifies what is at stake in these various formations and how each perspective on secularism comes with its own set of expectations and dispensations.

scholarly journals Implicit, Formal and Powerful Semantics in Geoinformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Gloria Bordogna ◽  
Cristiano Fugazza ◽  
Paolo Acquaviva d’Aragona ◽  
Paola Carrara
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Meta Review ◽  
Key Concepts

Distinct, alternative forms of geosemantics, whose classification is often ill-defined, emerge in the management of geospatial information. This paper proposes a workflow to identify patterns in the different practices and methods dealing with geoinformation. From a meta-review of the state of the art in geosemantics, this paper first pinpoints “keywords” representing key concepts, challenges, methods, and technologies. Then, we illustrate several case studies, following the categorization into implicit, formal, and powerful (i.e., soft) semantics depending on the kind of their input. Finally, we associate the case studies with the previously identified keywords and compute their similarities in order to ascertain if distinguishing methodologies, techniques, and challenges can be related to the three distinct forms of semantics. The outcomes of the analysis sheds some light on the diverse methods and technologies that are more suited to model and deal with specific forms of geosemantics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document