scholarly journals Architecture as Ornament

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Turner
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Visual Scripting ◽  
Contemporary Architecture

<p><b>We are currently in the middle of the 4th industrial revolution, where digital technology and fabrication tools have the potential to drastically change the way we think about architecture. Contemporary architectural design is now being driven by an influx of digital tools, including parametric modelling, digital fabrication, and robotics. These tools allow designers to create forms with complexity, creating new textures, patterns and styles, they are however being under-utilised. Because the focus of these methods remains on mass-production and efficiency, as they were from the second industrial revolution, architecture has now become sleek and un-ornamental. When ornamentation is used it is now generally limited to façade design, and the focus is towards ideas such as tessellation and repetition. These styles can sometimes be successful, however they lack the sense of depth and craft that classical ornamentation once had. A variety of social, cultural, technological and historical influences means that contemporary ornamentation no longer holds the significance and importance it once had. This research questions this reality and explores the use of contemporary computational design and fabrication techniques to understand how ornamentation can be revitalised and reimagined in contemporary architecture. </b></p> <p>By building upon literature and case study analysis, this research uses the architectural column as a design mechanism, and parametric modelling to redefine the place that ornamentation has in contemporary architecture. By using a process of visual scripting and digital modelling, these techniques are used to explore how digital tools and the influence of history can reimagine ornamentation. This research process begins with small-scale digital tests which then translate into small-scale prototypes through the use of additive manufacturing. After an evaluation and critical-reflection of these prototypes, these ideas are translated into clay prototypes by using robotic fabrication. To further refine and finalise the designs the research is then applied to an architectural design context, and a final large-scale column is robotically fabricated. This final stage works to clearly show the design intent, to understand not only how traditional ideas and nature can be translated into contemporary designs, but also how the process of parametric design can create design variation, rather than identically replicated components. This research found that there is an immense amount of potential for using these visual scripting tools and methods of digital fabrication for revitalising ornament, creating mass-customisable architecture, not mass-replications.</p>

scholarly journals Architecture as Ornament

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Turner
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Visual Scripting ◽  
Contemporary Architecture

<p><b>We are currently in the middle of the 4th industrial revolution, where digital technology and fabrication tools have the potential to drastically change the way we think about architecture. Contemporary architectural design is now being driven by an influx of digital tools, including parametric modelling, digital fabrication, and robotics. These tools allow designers to create forms with complexity, creating new textures, patterns and styles, they are however being under-utilised. Because the focus of these methods remains on mass-production and efficiency, as they were from the second industrial revolution, architecture has now become sleek and un-ornamental. When ornamentation is used it is now generally limited to façade design, and the focus is towards ideas such as tessellation and repetition. These styles can sometimes be successful, however they lack the sense of depth and craft that classical ornamentation once had. A variety of social, cultural, technological and historical influences means that contemporary ornamentation no longer holds the significance and importance it once had. This research questions this reality and explores the use of contemporary computational design and fabrication techniques to understand how ornamentation can be revitalised and reimagined in contemporary architecture. </b></p> <p>By building upon literature and case study analysis, this research uses the architectural column as a design mechanism, and parametric modelling to redefine the place that ornamentation has in contemporary architecture. By using a process of visual scripting and digital modelling, these techniques are used to explore how digital tools and the influence of history can reimagine ornamentation. This research process begins with small-scale digital tests which then translate into small-scale prototypes through the use of additive manufacturing. After an evaluation and critical-reflection of these prototypes, these ideas are translated into clay prototypes by using robotic fabrication. To further refine and finalise the designs the research is then applied to an architectural design context, and a final large-scale column is robotically fabricated. This final stage works to clearly show the design intent, to understand not only how traditional ideas and nature can be translated into contemporary designs, but also how the process of parametric design can create design variation, rather than identically replicated components. This research found that there is an immense amount of potential for using these visual scripting tools and methods of digital fabrication for revitalising ornament, creating mass-customisable architecture, not mass-replications.</p>

scholarly journals Digital matter as interdisciplinary commodity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Uwe Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Starting Point

<p>With the current exponential growth in the sector of Spatial Data Technology and Mixed Reality display devises we experience an increasing overlap of the physical and digital world. Next to making data spatially visible the attempt is to connect digital information with physical properties. Over the past years a number of research institutions have been laying the ground for these developments. In contemporary architecture architectural design the dominant application of data technology is connected to graphical presentation, form finding and digital fabrication.<br />The <em>arc/sec Lab for Digital Spatial Operations </em>at the University of Auckland takes a further step. The Lab explores concepts for a new condition of buildings and urban patterns in which digital information is connected with spatial appearance and linked to material properties. The approach focuses on the step beyond digital re-presentation and digital fabrication, where data is re-connected to the multi-sensory human perceptions and physical skills. The work at the Lab is conducted in a cross disciplinary design environment and based on experiential investigations. The arc/sec Lab utilizes large-scale interactive installations as the driving vehicle for the exploration and communication of new dimensions in architectural space. The experiments are aiming to make data “touchable” and to demonstrate real time responsive environments. In parallel they are the starting point for both the development of practice oriented applications and speculation on how our cities and buildings might change in the future.<br />The article gives an overview of the current experiments being undertaken at the arc/sec Lab. It discusses how digital technologies allow for innovation between the disciplines by introducing real time adaptive behaviours to our build environment and it speculates on the type of spaces we can construct when <em>digital matter </em>is used as a new dynamic building material.</p>

scholarly journals Finding the Key: Designing Timber Connections for CLT Panels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gabriella Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Timber Construction ◽  
Structural Capacity ◽  
Connection System ◽  
Digital Modelling ◽  
Thermal Bridging ◽  
Timber Connections ◽  
Mass Timber

<p>In a climate where standard methods of construction are being challenged, developments in engineered timbers are allowing mass timber construction to be explored as a sustainable alternative to traditional building methods. Cross- laminated timber (CLT) is at the forefront of this evolution and, with the advancement in computational design and digital fabrication tools, there lies an opportunity to redefine standard construction. This project explores how digital modelling and advance digital fabrication can be combined to generate a connection system for CLT panels.  The advantages of CLT and mass timber construction are numerous and range from environmental and aesthetic benefits to site safety and cost reduction benefits. There are, however, issues that remain surrounding the connections between CLT panels. Steurer (2006, p.136) stated that, “Progress in engineered timber construction is directly related to developments in connector technology.” This thesis creates connections inspired by traditional Japanese joinery that have been adapted to be used for the panel construction of CLT structures. Using CLT offcuts as a primary connection material, the system not only reduces waste but also mitigates thermal bridging and lowers the number of connection points whilst increasing the ease of building and fabrication.  The connections are first considered at a detail scale. They use the literature review and case studies as a base for design before being tested using digitally fabricated prototypes. These prototypes are evaluated against a framework created in line with the aforementioned criteria. Within this framework, the connections are analysed against existing connection systems as well as previous designs to establish a successful system. The connections are then evaluated within the context of a building scale and considers large-scale fabrication and on- site assembly whilst continuing to focus on the reduction of waste. This research found that the simplicity of the connections is key to a successful system as this allows for faster and cheaper fabrication and installation. However, there is still further research needed surrounding large-scale fabrication and the structural capacity of timber connection systems.</p>

scholarly journals Development Of Sharia Economics Textbook For Economic Education Student Lectures In The Era Of Industrial Revolution 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Melisa Wahyu Fandyansari ◽  
Putri Vina Sefaverdiana
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Education Student ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Validation Test ◽  
Education Study ◽  
Scale Test

The era of the industrial revolution 4.0, which is currently trending in Indonesia, has made various aspects of people's lives change more advanced and completely based on technology. Therefore, educators are required to produce students who have knowledge, soft skills, and ability in the field of adequate technology. One of the programs prepared by the Economic Education Study Program is the mastery of knowledge of Sharia economic material so that one day graduates can become compatible in various fields of work, especially banking, which is currently rife with Sharia banks. The addition of this knowledge through the development of Sharia economics textbooks conducted by the RND method from Dick and Carey. The results of the pretest-posttest test, expert validation test, small scale test, and large scale test, obtained the results that the textbooks are included in the good category and are suitable for use.    

Digital grotesque: Towards a micro-tectonic architecture

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-201
Author(s):  
Michael Hansmeyer ◽  
Benjamin Dillenburger
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Specific Experiment

Computational design allows for architecture with an extraordinary degree of topographical and topological complexity. Limitations of traditional CNC technologies have until recently precluded this architecture from being fabricated. While additive manufacturing has made it possible to materialize these complex forms, this has occurred only at a very small scale. In trying to apply additive manufacturing to the construction of full-scale architecture, one encounters a dilemma: existing large-scale 3D printing methods can only print highly simplified shapes with rough details, while existing high-resolution technologies have limited print spaces, high costs, or material attributes that preclude a structural use. This paper provides a brief background on additive manufacturing technology and presents recent developments in sand-printing technology that overcome current 3D printing restrictions. It then presents a specific experiment, Digital Grotesque project, which is the first application of 3D sand-printing technology at an architecture scale. It describes how this project attempts to exploit the potentials of these new technologies.

scholarly journals The Aesthetics of Making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Matt Buttimore
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultural Implications

<p><b>As the architectural design process evolves and embraces new techniques and technologies and mass production is more readily available, the relationship between designer and craftsman has become more distant. As we look to produce more and more architecture every year on a larger production scale, the craft and detail of the architecture begin to fall at the wayside. As we lose this relationship, the culture and identity of a place are also lost as these technologies are not responding to specific site and cultural implications.</b></p> <p>One such site where this is applicable is the small coastal town of Onemana in the Coromandel, a town of slightly more than 300 homes constructed as a single development in the 1980s. The rush to produce more homes and on a larger scale has meant the town’s architecture does not reflect the community culture or coastal identity of the place or the people who live there. </p> <p>This thesis argues that there is an existing relationship between craftsperson and designer and explores how this relationship and detail design can generate and inform architectural design. Understanding this relationship will generate detail design that has a more powerful outcome on the spatial qualities of the architecture and generates my own detail design language. It also argues that there exists a relationship between detail design and the urban environment, which is not fully utilised in the industry.</p> <p>The thesis proposes that this can be achieved by testing and evaluating this hypothesis across three scales and three types of urban context. The three test sites identified are a small scale private dwelling, a mid-scale cultural installation and a large scale town centre. Using the process of beginning with detail design, architectural installations will be implemented and evaluated before moving to the following location. As result the method will be proven to work across multiple scales and reflect a variety of cultural inputs.</p>

scholarly journals Finding the Key: Designing Timber Connections for CLT Panels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gabriella Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Timber Construction ◽  
Structural Capacity ◽  
Connection System ◽  
Digital Modelling ◽  
Thermal Bridging ◽  
Timber Connections ◽  
Mass Timber

<p>In a climate where standard methods of construction are being challenged, developments in engineered timbers are allowing mass timber construction to be explored as a sustainable alternative to traditional building methods. Cross- laminated timber (CLT) is at the forefront of this evolution and, with the advancement in computational design and digital fabrication tools, there lies an opportunity to redefine standard construction. This project explores how digital modelling and advance digital fabrication can be combined to generate a connection system for CLT panels.  The advantages of CLT and mass timber construction are numerous and range from environmental and aesthetic benefits to site safety and cost reduction benefits. There are, however, issues that remain surrounding the connections between CLT panels. Steurer (2006, p.136) stated that, “Progress in engineered timber construction is directly related to developments in connector technology.” This thesis creates connections inspired by traditional Japanese joinery that have been adapted to be used for the panel construction of CLT structures. Using CLT offcuts as a primary connection material, the system not only reduces waste but also mitigates thermal bridging and lowers the number of connection points whilst increasing the ease of building and fabrication.  The connections are first considered at a detail scale. They use the literature review and case studies as a base for design before being tested using digitally fabricated prototypes. These prototypes are evaluated against a framework created in line with the aforementioned criteria. Within this framework, the connections are analysed against existing connection systems as well as previous designs to establish a successful system. The connections are then evaluated within the context of a building scale and considers large-scale fabrication and on- site assembly whilst continuing to focus on the reduction of waste. This research found that the simplicity of the connections is key to a successful system as this allows for faster and cheaper fabrication and installation. However, there is still further research needed surrounding large-scale fabrication and the structural capacity of timber connection systems.</p>

INFLUENCE OF PARAMETRIC TOOLS ON THE COMPLEXITY OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IN EVERYDAY WORK OF SME’S

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Adeline Stals ◽  
Sylvie Jancart ◽  
Catherine Elsen
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Architectural Practice ◽  
Everyday Work ◽  
Shed Light

Digital design tools and notably parametric ones have generated profound modifications of the architectural practice. In line with this evolution, technological and formal changes at the scale of architectural artifacts are underway, leading to a shift especially in regard of how architects deal on an everyday basis with CAD and morphological complexities. Big offices, thanks to their human and financial resources, have faced these difficulties and pushed the limits of their architectural projects. Little is known, however, about how smaller offices, accounting for the largest part of the European market, did adapt to these profound evolutions. Going through the results of a large-scale online survey, this paper analyzes the Belgian case regrouping mostly small and medium offices. The contribution discusses the meaning of parametric design for architects and reflects particularly on how architects do or do not implement these new digital tools in their everyday workflows. The results eventually shed light on the fact that parametric tools have the potential to free the creativity of SME’s and moreover unveil how these tools might overcome some of the current complexities of the daily architectural practice.

CREASE: Synchronous gait by minimizing actuation through folded geometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-403
Author(s):  
Olga Mesa ◽  
Saurabh Mhatre ◽  
Dan Aukes
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution

The Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution promises the integration and synergy of disciplines to arrive at meaningful and comprehensive solutions. As computation and fabrication methods become pervasive, they present platforms for communication. Value exists in diverse disciplines bringing their approach to a common conversation, proposing demands, and potentials in response to entrenched challenges. Robotics has expanded recently as computational analysis, and digital fabrication methods are more accurate and reliable. Advances in functional microelectromechanical components have resulted in the design of new robots presenting alternatives to traditional ambulatory robots. However, most examples are the result of intense computational analysis necessitating engineering expertise and specialized manufacturing. Accessible fabrication methods like laminate techniques propose alternatives to new robot morphologies. However, most examples remain overly actuated without harnessing the full potential of folds for locomotion. Our research explores the connection between origami structures and kinematics for the generation of an ambulatory robot presenting efficient, controlled, and graceful gait with minimal use of components. Our robot ‘Crease’ achieves complex gait by harnessing kinematic origami chains rather than relying on motors. Minimal actuation activates the folds to produce variations in walk and direction. Integrating a physical iterative process with computational analysis, several prototypes were generated at different scales, including untethered ones with sensing and steering that could map their environment. Furthering the dialogue between disciplines, this research contributes not only to the field of robotics but also architectural design, where efficiency, adjustability, and ease of fabrication are critical in designing kinetic elements.

The Stansfields of Halifax: A Case Study of the Making of the Middle Class

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Smail
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
History Of

Between the Civil War and the Industrial Revolution, four generations of the Stansfield family lived in Halifax—an upland parish in the West Riding of Yorkshire. Although its politics were calm, the century and a half between England's two great “revolutions” was not devoid of change in other respects. Significant social, economic, and cultural developments during this period laid the foundations for the ferment of the Industrial Revolution. The history of the Stansfield family is an excellent illustration of these changes, for there was a world of difference between the great-grandfather, Josias Stansfield, who was in his prime at the Restoration, and his great-grandsons, George and David Stansfield, who were in their primes a century later.For his part, Josias was recognizably a man of the middling sort. A yeoman engaged in farming and small-scale textile production, his economic activities and his social standing place him in the ranks of families who fell between the few gentlemen who lived in the area and the mass of simple artisans and laborers who had to struggle just to survive. Josias's great-grandsons, George and David Stansfield lived in a different world. By the mid-eighteenth century, Halifax's textile industry was increasingly dominated by large-scale production of which George's large putting-out concern and David's substantial export business were typical. George and David's social position was also quite different. No longer merely comfortable, these two second cousins were among the wealthiest residents of their respective townships, and they had assumed an appropriately significant share of the political and social leadership in the parish.

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