scholarly journals Bloom Forming and Toxic Cyanobacteria in New Zealand Species Diversity and Distribution, Cyanotoxin Production and Accumulation of Microcystins in Selected Freshwater Organisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Susanna A Wood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Cyanobacterial Mat ◽  
Cell Counts

<p>The objective of this doctoral study was to identify waterbodies in New Zealand containing cyanobacterial blooms and mats, to assess the species composition and to establish types and concentrations of cyanotoxins in samples obtained. A total of 271 water and cyanobacterial mat samples from 147 different waterbodies around New Zealand were collected or received between January 2001 and December 2004. Sixty seven percent were found to contain cyanobacteria and 4l% of the samples contained cyanobacteria in sufficiently high concentrations to be termed a bloom. A total of 54 different cyanobacteria species were recorded. Prior to 1987, 33 lakes in New Zealand were recorded as having experienced cyanobacterial blooms. In the present study an additional 18 lakes were recorded as having experienced blooms. Eight bloom forming cyanobacteria species not previously identified in New Zealand (Anabaena planktonica, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis botrys, M. panniformis, M. icthtyoblabe, M. wesenbergii, Planktothrix peronata f. attenuata and Sphaerocavum brasiliense) were found to be dominant or co-dominant in at least some cyanobacterial blooms. In addition to these species, three non-dominant species were identified that were also new records for New Zealand. The water and cyanobacterial mat samples were analysed using ELISA's, LC/MS, HPLC and neuroblastoma assays for cyanotoxins and identified; microcystins/nodularins (102 samples from 54 different locations), anatoxin-a (3 samples from 3 different locations), cylindrospermopsins (l sample) and saxitoxins (48 santples from 4l different locations). Species from the genera Microcystis, Anabaena, Cylindrospermopsis, Nostoc, Planktothrix, Oscillatoria and Phormidium produce these cyanotoxins. An in-depth study in Lakes Rotoehu and Rotoiti investigated the relationship between cyanobacteria species composition and levels of microcystins over a six month period and examined accumulation of microcystins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchtts mykiss) and freshwater mussels (Hydridella menziesi). Weekly water samples collected from both lakes showed that cyanobacteria species and levels of microcystins can vary over time during a bloom event. When phytoplankton samples were dominated by very high cell concentration of Microcystis spp. they were found to contain microcystins. Generally cell counts were found to be a poor indicator of levels of microcystins in the water samples, suggesting that cell counts alone are not a satisfactory way of identifying human health dangers in waterbodies containing cyanobacteria. Microcystins were detected in rainbow trout liver and muscle tissue, and in freshwater mussels. The Total Daily Intake of microcystins recommended by the World Health Organisation for humans is 0.04 pg kg-1 tdoy-1. A 70kg human consuming 300g of muscle tissue would have exceeded this level in 50% (Lake Rotoiti) and 7l% (Lake Rotoehu) of the samples. Health problems could result if more than 300 g of trout muscle tissue was consumed on a regular basis over an extended period. This study has demonstrated that the prevalence of freshwater cyanotoxin-producing cyanobacteria is widespread in New Zealand waterbodies and these cyanotoxins pose a potential health risk to both humans and animals either directly or indirectly.</p>

scholarly journals Bloom Forming and Toxic Cyanobacteria in New Zealand Species Diversity and Distribution, Cyanotoxin Production and Accumulation of Microcystins in Selected Freshwater Organisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Susanna A Wood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Cyanobacterial Mat ◽  
Cell Counts

<p>The objective of this doctoral study was to identify waterbodies in New Zealand containing cyanobacterial blooms and mats, to assess the species composition and to establish types and concentrations of cyanotoxins in samples obtained. A total of 271 water and cyanobacterial mat samples from 147 different waterbodies around New Zealand were collected or received between January 2001 and December 2004. Sixty seven percent were found to contain cyanobacteria and 4l% of the samples contained cyanobacteria in sufficiently high concentrations to be termed a bloom. A total of 54 different cyanobacteria species were recorded. Prior to 1987, 33 lakes in New Zealand were recorded as having experienced cyanobacterial blooms. In the present study an additional 18 lakes were recorded as having experienced blooms. Eight bloom forming cyanobacteria species not previously identified in New Zealand (Anabaena planktonica, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis botrys, M. panniformis, M. icthtyoblabe, M. wesenbergii, Planktothrix peronata f. attenuata and Sphaerocavum brasiliense) were found to be dominant or co-dominant in at least some cyanobacterial blooms. In addition to these species, three non-dominant species were identified that were also new records for New Zealand. The water and cyanobacterial mat samples were analysed using ELISA's, LC/MS, HPLC and neuroblastoma assays for cyanotoxins and identified; microcystins/nodularins (102 samples from 54 different locations), anatoxin-a (3 samples from 3 different locations), cylindrospermopsins (l sample) and saxitoxins (48 santples from 4l different locations). Species from the genera Microcystis, Anabaena, Cylindrospermopsis, Nostoc, Planktothrix, Oscillatoria and Phormidium produce these cyanotoxins. An in-depth study in Lakes Rotoehu and Rotoiti investigated the relationship between cyanobacteria species composition and levels of microcystins over a six month period and examined accumulation of microcystins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchtts mykiss) and freshwater mussels (Hydridella menziesi). Weekly water samples collected from both lakes showed that cyanobacteria species and levels of microcystins can vary over time during a bloom event. When phytoplankton samples were dominated by very high cell concentration of Microcystis spp. they were found to contain microcystins. Generally cell counts were found to be a poor indicator of levels of microcystins in the water samples, suggesting that cell counts alone are not a satisfactory way of identifying human health dangers in waterbodies containing cyanobacteria. Microcystins were detected in rainbow trout liver and muscle tissue, and in freshwater mussels. The Total Daily Intake of microcystins recommended by the World Health Organisation for humans is 0.04 pg kg-1 tdoy-1. A 70kg human consuming 300g of muscle tissue would have exceeded this level in 50% (Lake Rotoiti) and 7l% (Lake Rotoehu) of the samples. Health problems could result if more than 300 g of trout muscle tissue was consumed on a regular basis over an extended period. This study has demonstrated that the prevalence of freshwater cyanotoxin-producing cyanobacteria is widespread in New Zealand waterbodies and these cyanotoxins pose a potential health risk to both humans and animals either directly or indirectly.</p>

Long-term changes in fish pond management as ‘an unplanned ecosystem experiment’: importance of zooplankton structure, nutrients and light for species composition of cyanobacterial blooms

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pechar
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Single Filament ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Water Blooms

The study presents data on the species composition of cyanobacterial water blooms in Czech fish ponds from the 1950s to the 1990s. Since the 1950s, a shift from large-colonial Aphanizomenon flos-aquae var. flos-aquae through Microcystis aeruginosa and small-colonial species of Anabaena to single-filament species (Planktohrix agardhii, Limnothrix redekei, Aphanizomenon gracile) or single-cell forms (Microcystis ichtyoblabe), has been observed. The changes in the species composition of the water blooms are closely related to changes in fishery management (increase in fish stock, increase in application of organic fertilizers). At present the high predation of fish upon zooplankton results in elimination of large colonial blooms of A. flos-aquae associated with large filtering zooplankton (Daphnia). Low grazing pressure of zooplankton, low light conditions and low N:P ratios are suitable conditions for mass development of the small species of cyanobacteria. High pH is not necessary to achieve cyanobacteria dominance.

scholarly journals Evidence of Quorum Sensing in Cyanobacteria by Homoserine Lactones: The Origin of Blooms

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Natalia Herrera ◽  
Fernando Echeverri
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Bacterial Communication ◽  
Homoserine Lactones ◽  
Exogenous Compounds ◽  
Almost All

Although several theories have been postulated to explain cyanobacterial blooms, their biochemical origin has not yet been found. In this work, we explore the existence of bacterial communication, called quorum sensing, in Microcystis aeruginosa and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. Thus, the application of several known acylhomoserine lactones to cultures of both cyanobacteria causes profound metabolic. At 72 h post-application, some of them produced substantial increases in cell proliferation, while others were inhibitors. There was a correlation with colony-forming activity for most of them. According to ELISA analysis, the microcystin levels were increased with some lactones. However, there was a clear difference between M. aeruginosa and C. raciborskii culture since, in the first one, there was an inducing effect on cell proliferation, while in C. raciborskii, the effects were minor. Besides, there were compound inhibitors and inducers of microcystins production in M. aeruginosa, but almost all compounds were only inducers of saxitoxin production in C. raciborskii. Moreover, each lactone appears to be involved in a specific quorum sensing process. From these results, the formation of cyanobacterial blooms in dams and reservoirs could be explained since lactones may come from cyanobacteria and other sources as bacterial microflora-associated or exogenous compounds structurally unrelated to lactones, such as drugs, industrial effluents, and agrochemicals.

scholarly journals Harmful phytoplankton blooms and fish mortality in a eutrophicated reservoir of northeast Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naithirithi Tiruvenkatachary Chellappa ◽  
Sarah Laxhmi Chellappa ◽  
Sathyabama Chellappa
Keyword(s):  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxin ◽  
Bloom Formation ◽  
Harmful Effects

The aim of this work was to study the eutrophication in the tropical freshwater ecosystems and the consequent cyanobacterial bloom formation and economical damage to fisheries and harmful effects to public health. Mass fish mortality due to toxin producing cyanobacterial blooms was registered during December 2003 in Marechal Dutra Reservoir, Acari/RN, Northeast Brazil. Phytoplankton and fish samplings were carried out on alternate days during the episode of fish mortality and monthly during January to June 2004. The cyanobacterial toxin was identified and quantified from the seston samples and liver of the dead fishes using the standard HPLC method. The results indicated that the toxic blooms of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa were persistent for two weeks and represented 90% of the phytoplankton species assemblages. The lethally affected fishes were Oreochromis niloticus, Plagioscion squamosissimus, Cichla monoculus, Prochilodus brevis, Hoplias malabaricus and Leporinus friderici. The microcystin levels varied from 0.07 to 8.73µg L-1 the seston samples and from 0.01 to 2.59µg g-1in the liver samples of the fishes during the bloom period.

scholarly journals High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis of the Sertraline Residues Contained in the Tissues of Rainbow Trout Reared in Model Experimental Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. S619-S625
Author(s):  
J VACLAVIK ◽  
P SEHONOVA ◽  
D MEDKOVA ◽  
K STASTNY ◽  
M CHARVATOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Mass Analyzer ◽  
Ionization Source ◽  
Body Tissues

The growing consumption of pharmaceuticals in the human population and the insufficient efficiency of their elimination in waste water has a long-term negative impact on the environment of aquatic ecosystems, including the organisms that inhabit them. A significant contributor is the consumption of anti-depressants from the SSRI group, which corresponds to their increasing concentration in the environment. The aim of this work was to determine if antidepressant sertraline is able to be stored in fish organisms and to evaluate the content of residues in various body tissues. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchuss mykkis) was selected as the test organism and was artificially exposed to the antidepressant for 1 month (concentrations 0; 4.2; 44 and 400 ng.g-1 sertraline in the feed). Liver, kidney, brain and muscle tissue biopsies samples were taken for analysis. Detection was performed using an Accela 1250 LC pump and an Accela autosampler coupled with a high-performance mass analyzer with a heated electrospray ionization source Q-Exactive Orbitrap, operating in positive ionization mode and in PRM mode (m/z 306.08108→275.03888 and 309.009991→275.03888 for sertraline and internal standard, respectively). The limit of quantification of the method was 0.1 ng.g-1 of sertraline and the calibration curve showed a good linearity up to 20 ng.g-1. From the collected data, amount of residues was found in the liver, kidney and brain. In contrast, the incidence of residues in muscle tissue was not detected in all groups, which is favorable from the point of view of fish meat consumption, by humans.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF DENDROBIUM PARISHII RCHB.F. IN THE MUSCLE TISSUE OF RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS WALBAUM): IN VITRO MODEL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Buyun ◽  
Oleksandr Gyrenko ◽  
Maryna Opryshko ◽  
Lyudmyla Kovalska ◽  
Halyna Tkachenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Oxidatively Modified ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Oxidatively Modified Proteins

This research aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of buffer extract obtained from leaves and pseudobulbs (modified shoots) of Dendrobium parishii Rchb. f. on the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as lipid peroxidation biomarker, aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the muscle tissue of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). The shoots (pseudobulbs) with leaves of Dendrobium parishii cultivated under glasshouse conditions were sampled at M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden (NBG) (Kyiv, Ukraine). Since 1999, the whole collection of tropical and subtropical plants (including orchids) has had the status of a National Heritage Collection of Ukraine and is supported through State funding. Besides, NBG’s collection of tropical orchids was registered at the Administrative Organ of CITES in Ukraine (Ministry of Environment Protection, registration No. 6939/19/1-10 of 23 June 2004). The collected pseudobulbs and leaves were brought into the laboratory for biochemical studies. Freshly collected leaves were washed, weighed, crushed, and homogenized in 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) (in proportion 1:19, w/w) at room temperature. The extract was then filtered and investigated for its antioxidant capacity. The extract was stored at -20°C until use. The increase in TBARS level in the muscle tissue exposed to extracts derived from leaves and pseudobulbs of D. parishii was insignificant. The level of ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins was non-significantly decreased both for leaf and pseudobulb extracts compared to the untreated samples. The extracts obtained from leaves and pseudobulbs of D. parishii significantly increased the TAC level in muscle tissue due to inhibited the Fe2+/ascorbate-induced oxidation of Tween 80. Overall, these findings demonstrate that aqueous extracts of vegetative organs of Dendrobium parishii can enhance the total antioxidant capacity in the muscle tissue of the rainbow trout. Moreover, this antioxidant effect was more intensive for pseudobulb extracts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document