scholarly journals Some Aspects of Western Taranaki Geology and Pedology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vincent Ernest Neall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Gravity Anomaly ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Calc Alkaline ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Zone ◽  
Detailed Interpretation ◽  
White Island

<p>The North Island of New Zealand is the southern end of an island arc structure which stretches 3000 km northwards to Samoa. It comprises the Hikurangi Trench to the east of the North Island (Houtz, et.al. 1967), a central negative gravity anomaly (Robertson and Reilly 1958) and two volcanic zones to the west of the gravity anomaly (Cole 1967). The volcanic zones comprise the Ohakune-White Island zone of calc-alkaline volcanoes and a western zone of more alkaline volcanoes from Northland to Taranaki. The Taranaki volcanoes are principally high potash low magnesia hornblende-andesites (Hatherton 1968a) which extend 25 km south from New Plymouth to Mt. Egmont. Volcanological investigations on the Taranaki andesites have previously been limited to petrological, geomorphic and Recent tree-ring dating studies. The following work involves detailed studies on the tephrochronology, lahar stratigraphy, weathering and soil formation in western Taranaki together with a detailed interpretation of Quaternary volcanic and climatic events.</p>

scholarly journals Some Aspects of Western Taranaki Geology and Pedology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vincent Ernest Neall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Gravity Anomaly ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Calc Alkaline ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Zone ◽  
Detailed Interpretation ◽  
White Island

<p>The North Island of New Zealand is the southern end of an island arc structure which stretches 3000 km northwards to Samoa. It comprises the Hikurangi Trench to the east of the North Island (Houtz, et.al. 1967), a central negative gravity anomaly (Robertson and Reilly 1958) and two volcanic zones to the west of the gravity anomaly (Cole 1967). The volcanic zones comprise the Ohakune-White Island zone of calc-alkaline volcanoes and a western zone of more alkaline volcanoes from Northland to Taranaki. The Taranaki volcanoes are principally high potash low magnesia hornblende-andesites (Hatherton 1968a) which extend 25 km south from New Plymouth to Mt. Egmont. Volcanological investigations on the Taranaki andesites have previously been limited to petrological, geomorphic and Recent tree-ring dating studies. The following work involves detailed studies on the tephrochronology, lahar stratigraphy, weathering and soil formation in western Taranaki together with a detailed interpretation of Quaternary volcanic and climatic events.</p>

II.—Note on the Recent Volcanic Eruption in New Zealand

1886 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 398-402
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Historic Period ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The One ◽  
Wide Zone ◽  
White Island

The “Lake District” of the North Island is too well known to all students of volcanic phenomena, especially of that branch comprising hydrothermal action, to need a detailed description. It will be sufficient to say that it forms a belt, crossing the island from north-east to south-west, and forms a portion of the Middle and Upper Waikato Basins of Hochstetter. The district has been recently brought into prominent notice by the disastrous eruption of Mount Tarawera, very full accounts of which have appeared in New Zealand papers lately received. The eruption commenced in the early morning of Thursday, June 10th, but premonitory symptoms showed themselves a few days before in a tidal wave, three feet high, on Lake Tarawera, great uneasiness of the springs at Ohinemutu, and the reported appearance of smoke issuing from Euapehu, the highest of the great trachytic cones at the extreme south-westerly end of the system. The belt of activity extends from Mount Tongariro at the one end to White Island, in the Bay of Plenty, at the other, a distance of about 150 miles. White Island has undergone considerable change from volcanic action during recent years, and Tongariro was last in eruption in July, 1871; whilst its snowclad sister cone Euapehu has never manifested volcanic action within the historic period until now. This wide zone in the centre of the North Island has, ever since the arrival of the Maoris, been the scene of such extraordinary phenomena, that it has of late been the resort of visitors from all quarters of the globe.

Provenance of titanomagnetite in ironsands on the west coast of the North Island, New Zealand

2017 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Brathwaite ◽  
M.F. Gazley ◽  
A.B. Christie
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
The North

Invasion of the New Zealand Coastline by European Sea-Rocket (Cakile maritima) and American Sea-Rocket (Cakile edentula)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Cousens ◽  
Jane M. Cousens
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Cakile Maritima ◽  
Cakile Edentula ◽  
North And South

AbstractOn the west coast of North America and in Australia, there have been parallel cases of sequential invasion and replacement of the shoreline plant American sea-rocket by European sea-rocket. A similar pattern has also occurred in New Zealand. For 30 to 40 yr, from its first recording in 1921, American sea-rocket spread throughout the eastern coastlines of the North and South Islands of New Zealand. European sea-rocket has so far been collected only on the North Island. From its first collection in 1937, European sea-rocket spread to the northern extremity of the island by 1973, and by 2010, it had reached the southernmost limit. In the region where both species have occurred in the past, American sea-rocket is now rarely found. This appears to be another example of congeneric species displacement.

scholarly journals Sequent Economies in Kuku: A Study of a Rural Locality in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
John Rodford Wehipeihana
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Capital City ◽  
The West ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
The North ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Tasman Sea ◽  
Rural Locality

<p>Today, the majority of travellers journeying in the North Island of New Zealand, from Wellington to points north, e.g. Palmerston North or Wanganui, travel the length of the Horowhenua coastal plain, which sole routeway is bordered by the Tararua foothills to the east and by the Tasman Sea to the west. At a point some 52 miles north of the capital city and approximately 4 miles south of Levin, the motorist passes over a white bridge near which stands a dairy factory, and at a distance, a Maori meeting house. At the end of the mile-long stretch of State highway, an elevated by-pass affords a view of fenced paddocks, closely-cultivated fields, a railway line and a river. (See frontispiece.) As such scenes are common on many lowland pockets of the North Island of New Zealand, they mean little to the average traveller who crosses the Ohau River and pursues his northward course.</p>

scholarly journals Lithospheric Shortening and Ductile Deformation in a Back-Arc Setting: South Wanganui Basin, New  Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Erik Ewig
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Gravity Anomaly ◽  
Lower Crust ◽  
Receiver Function ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
High Angle ◽  
The West ◽  
Receiver Function Analysis ◽  
Velocity Layer

<p>South Wanganui Basin (SWB), New Zealand, is located behind the southern end of the Hikurangi subduction system. One of the most marked geophysical characteristics of the basin is the -150 mGal Bouguer/isostatic gravity anomaly. Sediment fill can only partly explain this anomaly. 3-D gravity models show that the gravity anomaly associated with the basin is generally consistent with a downwarp model of the entire crust. However, the downwarp of the Moho has to be 3-4 times larger than the downwarp of the sediment-basement interface to fit the observed gravity anomaly. Hence a model of lithospheric shortening where ductile thickening of the crust increases with depth is proposed. Finite element modelling demonstrates that the crust, in order to produce the ductile downwarp, is best modelled with at least two distinct different layers. The model requires the top 15-20 km of the crust to behave purely elastic and the lower part (10 km thick) to be viscoelastic with a viscosity of 10[to the power of 21 pascal-seconds]. The existence of this ductile lower continental crust can be explained due to fluids released from the subducting slab accumulating in the lower crust. This is supported by receiver function analysis results. These results propose a 10+/-2 km thick low S-wave velocity layer in the lower crust. The vertical loading necessary to create the basin is high (up to 200MPa) and is difficult to explain by slab pull forces transmitted via a strongly coupled subduction interface alone. An additional driving mechanism proposed is a thickened mantle lithosphere inducing normal forces on the base of the crust. However, the exact origin of the basin remains a puzzling aspect. Receiver function analysis shows that the crust of the subducting Pacific plate underneath the mainland in the lower North Island is abnormally thick ([approximates]10 km) for oceanic crust. This matches with results from the 3-D gravity modelling. Further features discovered with the receiver function analysis are an up to 6 km thick low-velocity layer on top of the slab, which is interpreted as a zone of crushed crustal material with subducted sediments. Furthermore, a deep Moho (39.5+/-1.5 km) is proposed underneath the northern tip of theMarlborough sounds. Shallow seismic and gravity investigations of the southeastern corner of the SWB reveal a complex faulting regime with high-angle normal and reverse faults as well as a component of strike slip. The overall style of faulting in the SWB changes from the west to the east. There are the low-angle thrust faults of the Taranaki Fault zone in the west, the high-angle mostly reverse faults in the eastern part of the basin and the strike slip faults, with a component of vertical movement, at the eastern boundary within the Tararua Ranges.</p>

scholarly journals Lithospheric Shortening and Ductile Deformation in a Back-Arc Setting: South Wanganui Basin, New  Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Erik Ewig
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Gravity Anomaly ◽  
Lower Crust ◽  
Receiver Function ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
High Angle ◽  
The West ◽  
Receiver Function Analysis ◽  
Velocity Layer

<p>South Wanganui Basin (SWB), New Zealand, is located behind the southern end of the Hikurangi subduction system. One of the most marked geophysical characteristics of the basin is the -150 mGal Bouguer/isostatic gravity anomaly. Sediment fill can only partly explain this anomaly. 3-D gravity models show that the gravity anomaly associated with the basin is generally consistent with a downwarp model of the entire crust. However, the downwarp of the Moho has to be 3-4 times larger than the downwarp of the sediment-basement interface to fit the observed gravity anomaly. Hence a model of lithospheric shortening where ductile thickening of the crust increases with depth is proposed. Finite element modelling demonstrates that the crust, in order to produce the ductile downwarp, is best modelled with at least two distinct different layers. The model requires the top 15-20 km of the crust to behave purely elastic and the lower part (10 km thick) to be viscoelastic with a viscosity of 10[to the power of 21 pascal-seconds]. The existence of this ductile lower continental crust can be explained due to fluids released from the subducting slab accumulating in the lower crust. This is supported by receiver function analysis results. These results propose a 10+/-2 km thick low S-wave velocity layer in the lower crust. The vertical loading necessary to create the basin is high (up to 200MPa) and is difficult to explain by slab pull forces transmitted via a strongly coupled subduction interface alone. An additional driving mechanism proposed is a thickened mantle lithosphere inducing normal forces on the base of the crust. However, the exact origin of the basin remains a puzzling aspect. Receiver function analysis shows that the crust of the subducting Pacific plate underneath the mainland in the lower North Island is abnormally thick ([approximates]10 km) for oceanic crust. This matches with results from the 3-D gravity modelling. Further features discovered with the receiver function analysis are an up to 6 km thick low-velocity layer on top of the slab, which is interpreted as a zone of crushed crustal material with subducted sediments. Furthermore, a deep Moho (39.5+/-1.5 km) is proposed underneath the northern tip of theMarlborough sounds. Shallow seismic and gravity investigations of the southeastern corner of the SWB reveal a complex faulting regime with high-angle normal and reverse faults as well as a component of strike slip. The overall style of faulting in the SWB changes from the west to the east. There are the low-angle thrust faults of the Taranaki Fault zone in the west, the high-angle mostly reverse faults in the eastern part of the basin and the strike slip faults, with a component of vertical movement, at the eastern boundary within the Tararua Ranges.</p>

First record of the Australian longfinned eel, Anguilla reinhardtii, in New Zealand

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Jellyman ◽  
BL Chisnall ◽  
LH Dijkstra ◽  
JAT Boubee
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
First Record ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Waikato River

Anguilla reinhardtii has been identified by vertebral counts and DNA markers, from a sample of 27 individuals (364-790 mm), within eight consecutive year classes caught by commercial eel fishers in the Waikato River, North Island, New Zealand. There is anecdotal evidence that A. reinhardtii has been present in small numbers in New Zealand for at least 25 years, although its incidence in commercial catches is thought to be increasing. The present known distribution covers approximately 500 km of latitude along the top half of the west coast of the North Island.

The phonemes of New Zealand English

1966 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Free Church ◽  
The North ◽  
English Society

The New Zealand accent belongs to the British group of English accents. There are three main divisions: General New Zealand, which is spoken in most parts of the country, and the accents of Otago, in the south of the South Island, and on the West Coast of the South Island. The three divisions follow the original pattern of settlement. In the North Island, settlement was directed by the New Zealand Company, which founded Auckland and Wellington in 1840; other settlements followed in the late 1840s. In the South, the Anglican Church founded Christchurch and Nelson in the early 1850s. These settlements had the common aim of reproducing English society as it existed in the south of England and drew most of their settlers from persons dispossessed by the Industrial Revolution. The difficulties of life in early New Zealand effectively levelled out social differences, with important effects on the language. Otago was founded in 1848 by the Scottish Free Church. The West Coast was not settled until the Gold Rush of the 1860s attracted miners from the goldfields of Victoria and California. Since that time there has been considerable immigration from the British Isles, at first a mere trickle from Europe and then a flood of Central European refugees after the Second World War. In general the willingness of the average New Zealander to travel for reasons of work or promotion has prevented the growth of regional accents; but the West Coast and Otago tend to keep to themselves, isolated by rough country and their own sense of community.

Geological Interpretation of Airborne Magnetometer Observations from Nelson to Waikato River, New Zealand

1959 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Wellman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Axial Plane ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Geological Interpretation ◽  
The North ◽  
Cook Strait ◽  
Waikato River

AbstractA map is presented showing a series of airborne magnetometer profiles from the north end of the South Island of New Zealand to the mouth of Waikato River. The two southern profiles are related to the exposed Upper Palaeozoic igneous rocks which are considered to extend north across Cook Strait and along the west coast of the North Island to cause the anomalies in the northern profiles. The North Island profiles are considered to reflect the Kawhia Syncline and a major anticline to the east. The eastward displacement of the magnetic low relative to the synclinal axis at the surface is considered due to the eastward dip of the axial plane of the syncline.

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