scholarly journals Strategic Responses to New Zealand-China Free Trade Agreement: A Case Study of New Zealand Natural Health Products Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jiang Chang
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Natural Health Products ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Natural Health ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Resources And Capabilities

<p>The rise of global consumption, as well as technological innovation in transportation and telecommunications, have increased international exchange of goods, services and factors of production. Economic globalization in terms of production and markets has been accompanied by an unprecedented intensification of economic and financial linkages within geographic regions. The world economy is shifting towards greater regional economic integration. As open and dynamic economies, New Zealand and China heavily rely on international trade and investment to stimulate economic growth. Strengthened international linkages and improved access to markets are major economic strategies for both countries. As they have been committed to building up longstanding and healthy bilateral trade and economic partnerships, these two countries signed a free trade agreement (FTA) that aims to liberalize and facilitate trade in goods, services and investment, and improve the business environment and strengthen cooperation in a wide range of economic areas. From the perspective of New Zealand's businesses, the FTA will not only improve the business environment, and open up market access opportunities, but it will also pose threats. To take advantage of these opportunities, neutralize threats, and consequently achieve a stronger market position in the Chinese marketplace, New Zealand's businesses must strategically respond to the fast-changing environment arising from the FTA. Due to the special meaning of the FTA to New Zealand's economic growth and the significance of the Chinese market to New Zealand's businesses operating in China, it is important to explore how New Zealand's firms perceive the New Zealand-China FTA; and what strategic decisions and adjustments they have made or they are going to make in response to shifts in the business environment arising from the FTA. Besides several studies with limited empirical evidence were conducted at the macro-economic level by some of interested groups such as New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade during the FTA negotiations, little research has been conducted to examine the impact of the New Zealand-China FTA on New Zealand individual companies' business strategic performance. Building on case studies of two representative companies in the New Zealand natural health products industry, this study aims to discover the nature of salient companies under the New Zealand-China FTA and to ascertain what particular patterns of strategy and performance these companies will adopt in response to trade liberalization. The findings of this study suggest that: 1) With the New Zealand-China FTA, the Chinese fast-growing market is typical of the mix of the opportunities and challenges facing New Zealand's businesses. The FTA provides them with a strong incentive to undertake strategic adjustments for further development in the Chinese market. 2) Strategic adjustments made by a firm depend upon the nature of its firm-specific advantages and country-specific advantages, as well as its existing competitive advantages. Firms that are able to secure their resources and capabilities necessary to exploit opportunities and counter threats are more likely to gain international competitive advantages; 3) Small firms with limited resources and capabilities are more likely to engage in the formation of strategic alliances in order to strengthen their competitive positions both domestically and internationally.</p>

scholarly journals Strategic Responses to New Zealand-China Free Trade Agreement: A Case Study of New Zealand Natural Health Products Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jiang Chang
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Natural Health Products ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Natural Health ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Resources And Capabilities

<p>The rise of global consumption, as well as technological innovation in transportation and telecommunications, have increased international exchange of goods, services and factors of production. Economic globalization in terms of production and markets has been accompanied by an unprecedented intensification of economic and financial linkages within geographic regions. The world economy is shifting towards greater regional economic integration. As open and dynamic economies, New Zealand and China heavily rely on international trade and investment to stimulate economic growth. Strengthened international linkages and improved access to markets are major economic strategies for both countries. As they have been committed to building up longstanding and healthy bilateral trade and economic partnerships, these two countries signed a free trade agreement (FTA) that aims to liberalize and facilitate trade in goods, services and investment, and improve the business environment and strengthen cooperation in a wide range of economic areas. From the perspective of New Zealand's businesses, the FTA will not only improve the business environment, and open up market access opportunities, but it will also pose threats. To take advantage of these opportunities, neutralize threats, and consequently achieve a stronger market position in the Chinese marketplace, New Zealand's businesses must strategically respond to the fast-changing environment arising from the FTA. Due to the special meaning of the FTA to New Zealand's economic growth and the significance of the Chinese market to New Zealand's businesses operating in China, it is important to explore how New Zealand's firms perceive the New Zealand-China FTA; and what strategic decisions and adjustments they have made or they are going to make in response to shifts in the business environment arising from the FTA. Besides several studies with limited empirical evidence were conducted at the macro-economic level by some of interested groups such as New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade during the FTA negotiations, little research has been conducted to examine the impact of the New Zealand-China FTA on New Zealand individual companies' business strategic performance. Building on case studies of two representative companies in the New Zealand natural health products industry, this study aims to discover the nature of salient companies under the New Zealand-China FTA and to ascertain what particular patterns of strategy and performance these companies will adopt in response to trade liberalization. The findings of this study suggest that: 1) With the New Zealand-China FTA, the Chinese fast-growing market is typical of the mix of the opportunities and challenges facing New Zealand's businesses. The FTA provides them with a strong incentive to undertake strategic adjustments for further development in the Chinese market. 2) Strategic adjustments made by a firm depend upon the nature of its firm-specific advantages and country-specific advantages, as well as its existing competitive advantages. Firms that are able to secure their resources and capabilities necessary to exploit opportunities and counter threats are more likely to gain international competitive advantages; 3) Small firms with limited resources and capabilities are more likely to engage in the formation of strategic alliances in order to strengthen their competitive positions both domestically and internationally.</p>

scholarly journals Informal Relationships Between New Zealand  SMEs and Sub-National Officials in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gavin Romayne
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
The Past ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Tariff Rates ◽  
Collaborative Activities

<p>The signing of a free trade agreement was a watershed moment in New Zealand-China relations and provided a number of advantages for New Zealand firms seeking to expand their presence in the Chinese market. However, it is well established that many businesses in China use informal relationships (guanxi) to create business opportunities and facilitate their way through bureaucratic obstacles. Doubts have also been raised in the past about local governments’ implementing China’s international agreements and about the current efficacy and reliability of China’s legal institutions. This thesis examines the informal relationships New Zealand SMEs based in China maintain with local officials and street-level bureaucrats and how they experienced the implementation of the FTA. Interviews with New Zealand businesspeople in Shanghai and Xiamen reveal that SMEs were encountering problems getting their goods across the border at the lower tariff rates provided in the FTA. They were very positive about the FTA, however, as the profile of New Zealand officials and firms had risen considerably. It is established that New Zealand firms are engaging in collaborative activities with New Zealand government representatives in an attempt to gain further competitive advantage and that the practice of guanxi is adapting in response to Beijing’s attempts to formalise officials’ interactions with private sector firms. It is suggested that a firm’s reputation (mingyu) with officials may be becoming established as an alternative to guanxi.</p>

scholarly journals Informal Relationships Between New Zealand  SMEs and Sub-National Officials in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gavin Romayne
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
The Past ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Tariff Rates ◽  
Collaborative Activities

<p>The signing of a free trade agreement was a watershed moment in New Zealand-China relations and provided a number of advantages for New Zealand firms seeking to expand their presence in the Chinese market. However, it is well established that many businesses in China use informal relationships (guanxi) to create business opportunities and facilitate their way through bureaucratic obstacles. Doubts have also been raised in the past about local governments’ implementing China’s international agreements and about the current efficacy and reliability of China’s legal institutions. This thesis examines the informal relationships New Zealand SMEs based in China maintain with local officials and street-level bureaucrats and how they experienced the implementation of the FTA. Interviews with New Zealand businesspeople in Shanghai and Xiamen reveal that SMEs were encountering problems getting their goods across the border at the lower tariff rates provided in the FTA. They were very positive about the FTA, however, as the profile of New Zealand officials and firms had risen considerably. It is established that New Zealand firms are engaging in collaborative activities with New Zealand government representatives in an attempt to gain further competitive advantage and that the practice of guanxi is adapting in response to Beijing’s attempts to formalise officials’ interactions with private sector firms. It is suggested that a firm’s reputation (mingyu) with officials may be becoming established as an alternative to guanxi.</p>

scholarly journals Current Advancements and Novel Strategies in the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153473542199007
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Sood ◽  
Rahul Jayachandiran ◽  
Siyaram Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Natural Health Products ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Natural Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Melanoma Treatment ◽  
New Research

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer in the world with a growing incidence in North America. Contemporary treatments for melanoma include surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, apart from resection in early melanoma, the prognosis of patients using these treatments is typically poor. In the past decade, there have been significant advancements in melanoma therapies. Immunotherapies such as ipilimumab and targeted therapies such as vemurafenib have emerged as a promising option for patients as seen in both scientific and clinical research. Furthermore, combination therapies are starting to be administered in the form of polychemotherapy, polyimmunotherapy, and biochemotherapy, of which some have shown promising outcomes in relative efficacy and safety due to their multiple targets. Alongside these treatments, new research has been conducted into the evidence-based use of natural health products (NHPs) and natural compounds (NCs) on melanoma which may provide a long-term and non-toxic form of complementary therapy. Nevertheless, there is a limited consolidation of the research conducted in emerging melanoma treatments which may be useful for researchers and clinicians. Thus, this review attempts to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of current advancements in metastatic melanoma treatment by surveying new research into the molecular and cellular basis of treatments along with their clinical efficacy. In addition, this review aims to elucidate novel strategies that are currently being used and have the potential to be used in the future.

Advising Cancer Patients on Natural Health Products— A Structured Approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1406-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário L de Lemos ◽  
Leela John ◽  
Lynne Nakashima ◽  
Robin K O'Brien ◽  
Suzanne CM Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Natural Health Products ◽  
Natural Health ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Structured Approach

scholarly journals INDONESIA'S POSITION BASED ON THE AUSTRALIAN ASEAN NEW ZEALAND FREE TRADE AGREEMENT AND ITS IMPACT FROM A BUSINESS LAW PERSPECTIVE

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Ariawan Gunadi
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Business Law ◽  
Business Partner ◽  
The West ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
The World

AbstractIndonesia as one of the major countries in South East Asia acts as aprominent business center between the East and the West. Business activitiessoon attract the attention of other countries in similar geography to share thewealth such as Malaysia, Filipina, Myanmar, Cambodia, Singapore,Vietnam, Thai/and, Laos, Myanmar and Brunei Darussalam. However, theinternational society would have to face the import taxes that impedesf oreign goods from flowing into state member' market. Australia and NewZealand as a fellow business partner then proposes the Australian AseanNew Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA) to the Association of SouthEast Asian Nations (ASEAN) that allows members to conduct free tradeamong them in almost every sector, including goods, services, investment,intellectual property and new issues (Singapore Issues). However theagreement is suspected by some parties to condone a subtle form of liberaleconomy that may allow Australia and New Zealand to influence the nationaleconomy of the weaker state, not mentioning endangering ASEAN'bargaining position in the World Trade Organization. This article attemptsto explain the position of Indonesia 's economic sovereignty by signing theAANZFTA which imposes several clauses affecting the economic activity andhow will the agreement bring impact to Indonesia 's national economy offrom a business law perspective.

scholarly journals Molecular targets of natural health products in arthritis

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Khalifé ◽  
Muhammad Zafarullah
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Natural Health Products ◽  
Natural Health ◽  
Health Products
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