Social Capital in Action: From Nought to Xero

10.26686/wgtn.16968325.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Karen McKeefry

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Social Unit ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Track Record ◽

Resource Requirements ◽

High Level ◽

Start Ups

<p>Typically internet start-ups (e-ventures) are innovative, independent, original companies that focus on information as their competitive factor. They are characterised by enormous growth potential, giving rise to technical and market risk. Resourcing these ventures can be daunting usually requiring significant financial and human capital and once the venture is formed they are subject to a liability of newness with no track record, legitimacy or endorsement for the product/service. Whilst entrepreneurs bring their own resources and skills to the business it is necessary to seek additional complementary resources through sustainable exchange relationships to ensure the ventures success. This report has used a case study of a New Zealand e-venture to provide qualitative evidence of how resources were secured to start and initially grow the business. Using Napahiet and Ghoshal's (1998) three dimensional model of social capital it has analysed the evidence against scholarly theory to determine how social capital assisted the founders and the company to fulfil resource requirements and overcome the liability of newness. Napahiet and Ghoshal define social capital as "the sum of the actual and potential resources embedded within, available through, and derived from the network of relationships possessed by individuals or social unit" (p.243). The report found that the high level of social capital the founders brought to the venture assisted in gaining quick access to finances, skilled staff, competitive information and potential customers. The social capital used to develop personal business relationships for the venture has been transferred into the company's organisational relationships that will provide future growth opportunities. The founders have benefited from having a diverse range of strong and weak contacts that provided referrals to new contacts and assisted in establishing a good reputation and trust, thus facilitating the exchange and combination of resources. Social capital has given the e-venture a uniqueness resulting in a competitive advantage that competitors would find difficult to imitate.</p>

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Comparison of a three-dimensional model for glacier flow with field data from Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/s0022143000002690 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 44 (147) ◽

pp. 368-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alun Hubbard ◽

Heinz Blatter ◽

Peter Nienow ◽

Douglas Mair ◽

Bryn Hubbard

Keyword(s):

Field Data ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Separate Flow ◽

Relative Magnitude ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Principal Stresses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Motion Patterns ◽

Flow Equations ◽

High Level

AbstractA three-dimensional, finite-difference model based on a first-order solution of the ice-flow equations is applied to Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland. The numerical model successfully converges at horizontal resolutions down to 70 m, so a number of detailed comparisons with field data can be made. Modelled surface velocities with no basal sliding component are compared with surface velocities observed on the glacier over four different time periods. The best fit is achieved with over-winter surface velocities (R2 = 0.75) using a rate factor, A, in Glen’s flow law of 0.063 a−1 bar−3. Surface zones of maximum computed effective stress display a high level of coincidence with observed crevassing, the orientation of which is successfully predicted by the direction of the tensile component of the computed principal surface stress. Comparison of the relative magnitude and direction of computed principal stresses with principal strains measured at the ice surface also correspond closely. In an attempt to simulate the observed annual velocity distribution within a cross-section of the glacier tongue, we incorporate two basal-motion patterns into the model. By treating net annual ice motion as a time-weighted composite of three separate flow situations: normal sliding, enhanced sliding and no sliding, we are able to reproduce the key features of the observed cross-sectional ice and basal slip velocity distributions. These experiments indicate there may be substantial decoupling taking place along an elongated narrow zone at the bed of Haut Glacier d’Arolla and that this decoupling interacts in a complex manner with the englacial stress and strain field.

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MOBILE LASER SCANNING IN HIGHLY URBANIZED AREA – A CASE STUDY IN SOFIA

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-4-w2-2020-29-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol XLIV-4/W2-2020 ◽

pp. 29-36

Author(s):

C. Mickrenska-Cherneva ◽

A. Alexandrov

Keyword(s):

Data Acquisition ◽

Spatial Data ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Building Structures ◽

Dimensional Model ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Existing Building ◽

Master Thesis ◽

High Level

Abstract. The paper examines the possibility to create a three-dimensional model of cadastral objects – cadastral parcels and buildings, exploring different spatial data acquisition technologies. Four cadastral parcel and part of the buildings situated in them are selected for the range of the task. Self-contained objects located in buildings have not been examined. The objects are located on the territory of Lozenets District, Sofia, which is highly urbanized part of the capital. In order to create a three-dimensional model, classical land surveying measurements with a total station and mobile laser scanning were performed.In addition, the acquired data is assessed. It is made by comparing measurements of the building to the measurements of the registered point cloud. The assessment results show that the mobile laser scanning technology is efficient to reproduce high quality and accurate data for existing building structures due to MLS advantages – the large range, high accuracy, fast data acquisition and high level of detail.The paper is a part of Alexander Alexandrov master thesis.

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Expanding Helmet Design Methodologies Through Brain Functional Area Representative Threat Models

Volume 3A: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering ◽

10.1115/imece2013-64959 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matthew Ford ◽

Peter Matic ◽

Alan Leung

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Design Tool ◽

Naval Research ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Head Impacts ◽

Augmented Design ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact ◽

Helmet Design

In combat zones, warfighters may be exposed to multiple threat types that can result in impacts to the head. These head impacts can lead to traumatic brain injury (TBI) or other functional or cognitive impairments, depending on the impact location, duration, and severity. Personal protective equipment mitigates the damage to the head, and current equipment design efforts focus on high-level protective metrics such as local helmet deformations and penetrations, as well as global accelerations or rotations of the head. Advances in brain imaging and mapping have made it possible to couple brain regions with specific functions, which could lead to higher resolution injury models and a more integrated helmet design process. The Naval Research Laboratory has developed a design tool to relate cognitive and functional brain regions from the literature to representative threat models for a head-helmet system. In this study, the philosophy and methods behind this augmented design tool and some of its applications are discussed. Through surveying detailed brain mappings and Brodmann functional areas, spatial coordinates for a coarse and a fine brain model were identified, scaled, and positioned within a three-dimensional model of the head. Projectile threats to the brain from all directions were simulated to evaluate the vulnerability of specific brain regions for a given protective helmet geometry. Using this platform, a variety of design tools were developed to investigate the functional effects of making geometric changes to the helmet.

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Comparison of a three-dimensional model for glacier flow with field data from Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.1017/s0022143000002690 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 44 (147) ◽

pp. 368-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Alun Hubbard ◽

Heinz Blatter ◽

Peter Nienow ◽

Douglas Mair ◽

Bryn Hubbard

Keyword(s):

Field Data ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Separate Flow ◽

Relative Magnitude ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Principal Stresses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Motion Patterns ◽

Flow Equations ◽

High Level

AbstractA three-dimensional, finite-difference model based on a first-order solution of the ice-flow equations is applied to Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland. The numerical model successfully converges at horizontal resolutions down to 70 m, so a number of detailed comparisons with field data can be made. Modelled surface velocities with no basal sliding component are compared with surface velocities observed on the glacier over four different time periods. The best fit is achieved with over-winter surface velocities (R2= 0.75) using a rate factor,A,in Glen’s flow law of 0.063 a−1bar−3. Surface zones of maximum computed effective stress display a high level of coincidence with observed crevassing, the orientation of which is successfully predicted by the direction of the tensile component of the computed principal surface stress. Comparison of the relative magnitude and direction of computed principal stresses with principal strains measured at the ice surface also correspond closely. In an attempt to simulate the observed annual velocity distribution within a cross-section of the glacier tongue, we incorporate two basal-motion patterns into the model. By treating net annual ice motion as a time-weighted composite of three separate flow situations: normal sliding, enhanced sliding and no sliding, we are able to reproduce the key features of the observed cross-sectional ice and basal slip velocity distributions. These experiments indicate there may be substantial decoupling taking place along an elongated narrow zone at the bed of Haut Glacier d’Arolla and that this decoupling interacts in a complex manner with the englacial stress and strain field.

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Analysis on Spatial Layout Model of Urban Road Green Landscape Based on Discrete Probability

Tobacco Regulatory Science ◽

10.18001/trs.7.5.128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 2094-2110

Author(s):

Yang Yao

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Road Construction ◽

Spatial Layout ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Planting Density ◽

Dimensional Model ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Discrete Probability ◽

Urban Road ◽

Road Data

The development issues about urban road greening design are constantly emerging in modern urban road construction. Therefore, a model of spatial layout of urban road green landscape based on discrete probability was built. The relevant urban road data was collected and the corresponding three-dimensional model of urban road was built. On this basis, the spatial layout and characteristics of urban road were analyzed. According to the analysis results, the greening modes and configuration methods that met the humanistic characteristics were established reasonably. Moreover, the green landscape vegetation was selected in consideration of the growth potential, height and seasonal phase of plants. Then, the discrete probability was used to determine the initial planting location and planting density of vegetation. Finally, following the principle of macro control and micro coordination respectively, the spatial layout of urban road green landscape was achieved from the horizontal and vertical directions. Based on the evaluation for the spatial layout model, it is concluded that the comprehensive score of the designed model is improved by 4.3 points compared with the traditional model.

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