scholarly journals Hybridisation in the Brown Alga Carpophyllum:  Investigating Morphology, Distribution and Wave Exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Fiona Jean Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Environmental Selection ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Stipe Width

<p>Hybridisation can result in new hybrid lineages, parental species extinctions, the transfer of adaptations, or the merging of parental lineages. Subsequently hybridisation has important implications for the species involved. Hybridisation has recently been confirmed between the Fucalean brown algae Carpophyllum angustifolium and Carpophyllum maschalocarpum using the ITS2 marker. This study conducted a detailed morphometric analysis combined with molecular data to investigate morphology distribution and exposure at two sites on the East Cape. Hybridisation was also morphologically investigated at Leigh, where the previous work had been unable to resolve hybrids using the ITS2 marker. Carpophyllum angustifolium, C. maschalocarpum and their hybrids had distinct and intermediate morphologies, and could be identified by stipe width alone. Individuals with hybrid genotypes with distinctive C. angustifolium morphotypes were also found, which suggests asymmetrical introgression is occurring. Some aspects of C. angustifolium and C. maschalocarpum morphology were found to be correlated with wave exposure. In the more exposed zones C. angustifolium individuals were longer, while C. maschalocarpum individuals were shorter, had thinner stipes and less frequent vesicle presence. There were also nonsignificant trends of C. maschalocarpum individuals having thinner lamina, and lower branch presence in higher wave exposures. The distributions of C. angustifolium, C. maschalocarpum and their hybrids were found to be correlated with exposure. Carpophyllum angustifolium was distributed only in the relatively exposed zones, while C. maschalocarpum was distributed mainly in the more sheltered zones. Hybrids were distributed in intermediate exposure zones where both parental species were present. The hybrid distributions could be a reflection of environmental selection or of the parental contact zone. Morphological evidence was found for hybridisation at Leigh, although there were differences between the morphologies of East Cape and Leigh clusters of C. angustifolium and hybrids. These differences could be due to environmental differences, genetic differentiation or different levels of introgression between the two locations. The general findings in this study support the existing literature on hybridisation, which mainly comes from terrestrial plant and animal species complexes.</p>

scholarly journals Hybridisation in the Brown Alga Carpophyllum:  Investigating Morphology, Distribution and Wave Exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Fiona Jean Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Environmental Selection ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Stipe Width

<p>Hybridisation can result in new hybrid lineages, parental species extinctions, the transfer of adaptations, or the merging of parental lineages. Subsequently hybridisation has important implications for the species involved. Hybridisation has recently been confirmed between the Fucalean brown algae Carpophyllum angustifolium and Carpophyllum maschalocarpum using the ITS2 marker. This study conducted a detailed morphometric analysis combined with molecular data to investigate morphology distribution and exposure at two sites on the East Cape. Hybridisation was also morphologically investigated at Leigh, where the previous work had been unable to resolve hybrids using the ITS2 marker. Carpophyllum angustifolium, C. maschalocarpum and their hybrids had distinct and intermediate morphologies, and could be identified by stipe width alone. Individuals with hybrid genotypes with distinctive C. angustifolium morphotypes were also found, which suggests asymmetrical introgression is occurring. Some aspects of C. angustifolium and C. maschalocarpum morphology were found to be correlated with wave exposure. In the more exposed zones C. angustifolium individuals were longer, while C. maschalocarpum individuals were shorter, had thinner stipes and less frequent vesicle presence. There were also nonsignificant trends of C. maschalocarpum individuals having thinner lamina, and lower branch presence in higher wave exposures. The distributions of C. angustifolium, C. maschalocarpum and their hybrids were found to be correlated with exposure. Carpophyllum angustifolium was distributed only in the relatively exposed zones, while C. maschalocarpum was distributed mainly in the more sheltered zones. Hybrids were distributed in intermediate exposure zones where both parental species were present. The hybrid distributions could be a reflection of environmental selection or of the parental contact zone. Morphological evidence was found for hybridisation at Leigh, although there were differences between the morphologies of East Cape and Leigh clusters of C. angustifolium and hybrids. These differences could be due to environmental differences, genetic differentiation or different levels of introgression between the two locations. The general findings in this study support the existing literature on hybridisation, which mainly comes from terrestrial plant and animal species complexes.</p>

A widespread distribution for Arostrilepis tenuicirrosa (Eucestoda: Hymenolepididae) in Myodes voles (Cricetidae: Arvicolinae) from the Palearctic based on molecular and morphological evidence: historical and biogeographic implications

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Galbreath ◽  
Kristina Ragaliauskaite ◽  
Leonas Kontrimavichus ◽  
Arseny Makarikov ◽  
Eric Hoberg
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
The Republic

AbstractHymenolepidid cestodes in Myodes glareolus from Lithuania and additional specimens originally attributed to Arostrilepis horrida from the Republic of Belarus are now referred to A. tenuicirrosa. Our study includes the first records of A. tenuicirrosa from the European (western) region of the Palearctic, and contributes to the recognition of A. horrida (sensu lato) as a complex of cryptic species distributed broadly across the Holarctic. Specimens of A. tenuicirrosa from Lithuania were compared to cestodes representing apparently disjunct populations in the eastern Palearctic based on structural characters of adult parasites and molecular sequence data from nuclear (ITS2) and mitochondrial (cytochrome b) genes. Morphological and molecular data revealed low levels of divergence between eastern and western populations. Phylogeographic relationships among populations and host biogeographic history suggests that limited intraspecific diversity within A. tenuicirrosa may reflect a Late Pleistocene transcontinental range expansion from an East Asian point of origin.

scholarly journals An updated classification of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) integrating molecular and morphological evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 736 ◽  
pp. 137-182
Author(s):  
Daniel Burckhardt ◽  
David Ouvrard ◽  
Diana M. Percy
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Family Level ◽  
A New Species

The classification of the superfamily Psylloidea is revised to incorporate findings from recent molecular studies, and to integrate a reassessment of monophyla primarily based on molecular data with morphological evidence and previous classifications. We incorporate a reinterpretation of relevant morphology in the light of the molecular findings and discuss conflicts with respect to different data sources and sampling strategies. Seven families are recognised of which four (Calophyidae, Carsidaridae, Mastigimatidae and Triozidae) are strongly supported, and three (Aphalaridae, Liviidae and Psyllidae) weakly or moderately supported. Although the revised classification is mostly similar to those recognised by recent authors, there are some notable differences, such as Diaphorina and Katacephala which are transferred from Liviidae to Psyllidae. Five new subfamilies and one new genus are described, and one secondary homonym is replaced by a new species name. A new or revised status is proposed for one family, four subfamilies, four tribes, seven subtribes and five genera. One tribe and eight genera / subgenera are synonymised, and 32 new and six revised species combinations are proposed. All recognised genera of Psylloidea (extant and fossil) are assigned to family level taxa, except for one which is considered a nomen dubium.

Cymbidium xichouense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 484 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
XINYU XU ◽  
CHANG-CHUN DING ◽  
WENQI HU ◽  
XIA YU ◽  
YU ZHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae), Cymbidium xichouense, from Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated based on morphological evidence and molecular analyses. The new orchid is morphologically similar to C. qinbeiense, but it has several morphological features that distinguish it from C. qiubeinense and all other recognized species in Cymbidium. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear (ITS) and plastid DNA (matK) were conducted, and the results also supported the status of C. xichouense as a new species, which is sister to C. qiubeiense.

scholarly journals Morphological stasis in the first myxomycete from the Mesozoic, and the likely role of cryptobiosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouko Rikkinen ◽  
David A. Grimaldi ◽  
Alexander R. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Ecological Adaptations ◽  
Environmental Selection ◽  
Morphological Stasis ◽  
Ancient Lineage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spore Mass

AbstractMyxomycetes constitute a group within the Amoebozoa well known for their motile plasmodia and morphologically complex fruiting bodies. One obstacle hindering studies of myxomycete evolution is that their fossils are exceedingly rare, so evolutionary analyses of this supposedly ancient lineage of amoebozoans are restricted to extant taxa. Molecular data have significantly advanced myxomycete systematics, but the evolutionary history of individual lineages and their ecological adaptations remain unknown. Here, we report exquisitely preserved myxomycete sporocarps in amber from Myanmar, ca. 100 million years old, one of the few fossil myxomycetes, and the only definitive Mesozoic one. Six densely-arranged stalked sporocarps were engulfed in tree resin while young, with almost the entire spore mass still inside the sporotheca. All morphological features are indistinguishable from those of the modern, cosmopolitan genus Stemonitis, demonstrating that sporocarp morphology has been static since at least the mid-Cretaceous. The ability of myxomycetes to develop into dormant stages, which can last years, may account for the phenotypic stasis between living Stemonitis species and this fossil one, similar to the situation found in other organisms that have cryptobiosis. We also interpret Stemonitis morphological stasis as evidence of strong environmental selection favouring the maintenance of adaptations that promote wind dispersal.

scholarly journals Ocular Response to Millimeter Wave Exposure Under Different Levels of Humidity

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-584
Author(s):  
Masami Kojima ◽  
Cheng-Yu Tsai ◽  
Yukihisa Suzuki ◽  
Kensuke Sasaki ◽  
Takafumi Tasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Different Levels

Molecular phylogeny of the weevil genus Kyklioacalles Stüben, with descriptions of a new subgenus Glaberacalles and two new species (Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2662 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER E. STÜBEN ◽  
JONAS J. ASTRIN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
New Subgenus ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Two New Species

A molecular phylogeny of the western Palearctic weevil genus Kyklioacalles Stüben, 1999 is presented, combining two mitochondrial genes (CO1 and 16S) in a Bayesian analysis. Based on molecular data, the validity of the subspecies Kyklioacalles punctaticollis punctaticollis (Lucas, 1849) and Kyklioacalles punctaticollis meteoricus (Meyer, 1909) is discussed and the morphological differentiation of the endophalli and known distributions of both subspecies are verified. Glaberacalles subg. n. (formerly Kyklioacalles punctaticollis-group) and two new species are described, Kyklioacalles atlasicus sp.n. from Morocco and Kyklioacalles plantapilosus sp.n. from Spain. Kyklioacalles berberi (Stüben, 2005), comb. n. and Kyklioacalles olcesei (Tournier, 1873) comb. n. are transferred from Acalles Schoenherr. The molecular results further advocate a transfer of Onyxacalles pyrenaeus (Boheman, 1844) to Kyklioacalles; however this is not supported by morphological evidence. Kyklioacalles almadensis Stüben, 2004 syn. n. (Spain) is synonymized with Kyklioacalles bupleuri Stüben, 2004 (Tunisia). A catalogue of all 40 (sub-)species of Kyklioacalles is given and a key of the species of the subgenus Glaberacalles is presented.

Phylogenetic Relationships of Species of Hypselobarbus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae): An Enigmatic Clade Endemic to Aquatic Systems of India

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3499 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
M. ARUNACHALAM ◽  
M. RAJA ◽  
M. MURALIDHARAN ◽  
RICHARD L. MAYDEN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Eleven Species

Very little is known about the diversity and systematics of the genus cypriniform genus Hypselobarbus. Currently, the genusincludes at least eleven species, all endemic to freshwater systems of Peninsular India. While these species are commonlyknown in India and are frequently used as a food source, little is known about the morphological diversity within and betweenspecies and nothing is known regarding intraspecific genetic diversity or species relationships. Herein, we examine the geneticdiversity in the genus for 11 mitochondrial genes for eleven populations representing nine of the known 11 species.Hypselobarbus is resolved as monophyletic, with the inclusion of P. carnaticus, and species relatioships are very stronglysupported. Because of the unambiguous relationships strongly supported B. carnaticus is allocated to Hypselobarbus. Thisresearch and ongoing morphological and molecular work with the genus supports the existence of additional new species inpeninsular India in need of further molecular and morphological study. Genetic diversity in the genus is high; for the twospecies wherein more than one sample, and the two of each are suspected to represent undescribed taxa, these populationsexhibited greater genetic divergence than that observed between any two of the other currently recognized species,corroborating our hypothesis based on morphological evidence. Clearly the genus warrants more thorough geographicsampling and examination of morphological and molecular data/analyses to reveal the natural lineages existing in this endemic and enigmatic genus.

Cryptic species complexes in manipulative echinostomatid trematodes: when two become six

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. F. LEUNG ◽  
D. B. KEENEY ◽  
R. POULIN
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Species Complexes

SUMMARYRecent studies have shown that some digenean trematodes previously identified as single species due to the lack of distinguishing morphological characteristics actually consist of a number of genetically distinct cryptic species. We obtained mitochondrial 16S and nuclear ITS1 sequences for the redial stages of Acanthoparyphium sp. and Curtuteria australis collected from snails and whelks at various locations around Otago Peninsula, New Zealand. These two echinostomes are well-known host manipulators whose impact extends to the entire intertidal community. Using phylogenetic analyses, we found that Acanthoparyphium sp. is actually composed of at least 4 genetically distinct species, and that a cryptic species of Curtuteria occurs in addition to C. australis. Molecular data obtained for metacercariae dissected from cockle second intermediate hosts matched sequences obtained for Acanthoparyphium sp. A and C. australis rediae, respectively, but no other species. The various cryptic species of both Acanthoparyphium and Curtuteria also showed an extremely localized pattern of distribution: some species were either absent or very rare in Otago Harbour, but reached far higher prevalence in nearby sheltered inlets. This small-scale spatial segregation is unexpected as shorebird definitive hosts can disperse trematode eggs across wide geographical areas, which should result in a homogeneous mixing of the species on small geographical scales. Possible explanations for this spatial segregation of the species include sampling artefacts, local adaptation by first intermediate hosts, environmental conditions, and site fidelity of the definitive hosts.

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