scholarly journals A History of the New Zealand Civil Service, 1840-1866

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Balfour Douglas Zohrab
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

<p>The New Zealand Civil service is a typically British growth; it has developed from an inchoate, unregulated aggregation of disorganised departments along no settled line of growth, following no definite policy, aiming at nothing in particular; it sprang in the first instance rather from an imitation of Engliah models than from a real local need; it has been the prey of Governor after Governor, and Ministry after Ministry, and has changed its form and even to some extent its functions according to the ideas of the country's rulers every few years; not until the adoption of the recommendations of the Hunt Commission in 1912 did the service emerge into the regulated atmosphere that is essential to the smooth working of a modern administrative system. It can therefore be said that not until the twentieth century was the New Zealand Civil Service a modern institution; not until 1908 did the Government realise how far New Zealand then lagged behind Great Britain; even now, when we still lag behind, there are few signs of improvement. From the establishment of British sovereignty over New Zealand in 1840 until the passing of the Civil Service Act twenty-six years later there was no system either in the departments themselves or in the service as a whole; if indeed, it may be considered a whole during that time. From 1866 until 1912 the service drifted back towards chaos, as the authorities either did not carry out the provisions of the 1866 Act, or avoided its provisions and winked at its implications. The basis provisions of the Act, indeed, could not be ignored; but loopholes were many, and several of its most beneficial reforms were vitiated by systematic evasion.</p>

scholarly journals A History of the New Zealand Civil Service, 1840-1866

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Balfour Douglas Zohrab
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

<p>The New Zealand Civil service is a typically British growth; it has developed from an inchoate, unregulated aggregation of disorganised departments along no settled line of growth, following no definite policy, aiming at nothing in particular; it sprang in the first instance rather from an imitation of Engliah models than from a real local need; it has been the prey of Governor after Governor, and Ministry after Ministry, and has changed its form and even to some extent its functions according to the ideas of the country's rulers every few years; not until the adoption of the recommendations of the Hunt Commission in 1912 did the service emerge into the regulated atmosphere that is essential to the smooth working of a modern administrative system. It can therefore be said that not until the twentieth century was the New Zealand Civil Service a modern institution; not until 1908 did the Government realise how far New Zealand then lagged behind Great Britain; even now, when we still lag behind, there are few signs of improvement. From the establishment of British sovereignty over New Zealand in 1840 until the passing of the Civil Service Act twenty-six years later there was no system either in the departments themselves or in the service as a whole; if indeed, it may be considered a whole during that time. From 1866 until 1912 the service drifted back towards chaos, as the authorities either did not carry out the provisions of the 1866 Act, or avoided its provisions and winked at its implications. The basis provisions of the Act, indeed, could not be ignored; but loopholes were many, and several of its most beneficial reforms were vitiated by systematic evasion.</p>

The Civil Service

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon Bogdanor
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Revolution

This chapter examines the history of the civil service in Great Britain. It suggests that the revolution in Whitehall during the last two decades of the twentieth century transformed the civil service, and that many of the public utilities nationalised by the post-war Attlee government were privatised. Other major changes include the reduction in the size of the civil service and the application of market disciplines to it.

scholarly journals Science as theatre: a New Zealand history of performances and exhibitions

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. A01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hodder
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Displays ◽  
History Of ◽  
Science Centres ◽  
The Government

In colonial times in New Zealand the portrayal of science to the public had a sense of theatre, with nineteenth and early twentieth century grand exhibitions of a new nation’s resources and its technological achievements complemented by spectacular public lectures and demonstrations by visitors from overseas and scientific ‘showmen’. However, from 1926 to the mid-1990s there were few public displays of scientific research and its applications, corresponding to an inward-looking science regime presided over by the Government science agency, the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. The subsequent development of science centres with their emphasis on visitor participation has led to an increase in the audience for science and a revival of theatricality in presentation of exhibitions, demonstration lectures, café scientifiques, and science-related activities.

scholarly journals Freshwater Colonists: The Wellington Acclimatisation Society and the Introduction of Trout, 1871-1914

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alexandra Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Over Time

<p>The Wellington Acclimatisation Society was established in 1871, as part of a larger acclimatisation movement that featured the systematic introduction and exchange of many species across the world. After merging with other lower North Island societies, the Wellington Society began work on introducing trout to the streams and rivers of the district. Initially, the Society was made up of prominent members of the Wellington community, but over time these well-connected enthusiasts gave way to those with practical skills and knowledge. During the twentieth century the Society became an increasingly formalised group, working closely with the Government and other acclimatisation societies within New Zealand, as well as internationally. These networks, which were initially essential for trout introductions through imperial links, soon moved from an emphasis on importations and exchange to a focus on the continued maintenance of trout species throughout the Wellington district. The success of trout introductions relied on the ability of the Wellington Society to sufficiently modify the New Zealand environment. The close ties that existed between acclimatisation societies and the colonial Government meant the Wellington Society could undertake extensive environmental modification and management using a special authority, alongside a degree of involvement from the community. In this way, the introduction of trout had a significant impact on both the social and environmental history of New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals Freshwater Colonists: The Wellington Acclimatisation Society and the Introduction of Trout, 1871-1914

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alexandra Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Over Time

<p>The Wellington Acclimatisation Society was established in 1871, as part of a larger acclimatisation movement that featured the systematic introduction and exchange of many species across the world. After merging with other lower North Island societies, the Wellington Society began work on introducing trout to the streams and rivers of the district. Initially, the Society was made up of prominent members of the Wellington community, but over time these well-connected enthusiasts gave way to those with practical skills and knowledge. During the twentieth century the Society became an increasingly formalised group, working closely with the Government and other acclimatisation societies within New Zealand, as well as internationally. These networks, which were initially essential for trout introductions through imperial links, soon moved from an emphasis on importations and exchange to a focus on the continued maintenance of trout species throughout the Wellington district. The success of trout introductions relied on the ability of the Wellington Society to sufficiently modify the New Zealand environment. The close ties that existed between acclimatisation societies and the colonial Government meant the Wellington Society could undertake extensive environmental modification and management using a special authority, alongside a degree of involvement from the community. In this way, the introduction of trout had a significant impact on both the social and environmental history of New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals Think Tanks In The Formation Of The Central Asian Vector Of British Foreign Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Shakhnoza Akramjanovna Azimbayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
British Foreign Policy ◽  
History Of

This article examines the role and place of British think tanks in the design and development of the country’s foreign policy towards the Central Asian region. This issue is studied in combination with an analysis of the history of the formation of British think tanks, the positions of these centers in relation to Central Asia in the early 90s of the twentieth century after the collapse of the USSR and the state of modern think tanks that study Central Asia and their influence on the decision-making process in Great Britain.

Conclusion

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon Bogdanor
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Intellectual Elites

This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study on the history of the British constitution in the twentieth century. The findings reveal that while there was widespread confidence in the virtues of the constitution at the beginning of the twentieth century, that confidence seemed to have evaporated. This loss of confidence coincided with a collapse of national self-confidence that had begun in the 1960s when British political and intellectual elites began to come to terms with the fact that Great Britain was falling economically behind her continental competitors.

The History of the Book

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gameson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Book Research ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
History Of The Book ◽  
Medieval Studies ◽  
Medieval Manuscript ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines the history and developments in study of medieval manuscript books in Britain during the twentieth century. The twentieth century saw the study of the manuscript book rightly move from the margins to centre stage in British medieval studies. However, much of what was accomplished was due to the heroic labours of a small number of dedicated and determined individuals rather than to coherent institutional support. In addition, Great Britain still lags behind France and Germany in manuscript book research.

Britain, Commonwealth and the End of Empire

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Holland
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Due Process ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
British Commonwealth

This chapter examines the history of Great Britain, the British Commonwealth, and the end of the British Empire in the twentieth century, suggesting that the twentieth century ended in Britain as it began, with the constitutional structure of the United Kingdom a contested and vital subject of public discourse. It concludes that the transitions that characterised the Empire-Commonwealth over the twentieth century were ultimately constrained within the due process of British constitutionalism.

scholarly journals Collecting Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in Twentieth-Century Great Britain and North America

Museum Worlds ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
Toby Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Gilded Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Comprehensive Data ◽  
History Of

Medieval and Renaissance manuscripts were a significant commodity in the antiquarian sales market throughout the twentieth century, sought out by very wealthy collectors and small-scale buyers. The history of this manuscript market has not been analyzed systematically. This article is a first attempt to identify themes and trends across the century, beginning with the dominance of the great American Gilded Age collectors like Henry Huntington and the Morgans and their need to memorialize themselves. It argues that future research needs to assemble comprehensive data on prices and buyers in order to make possible more systematic analyses of trends and activities, and a more sophisticated understanding of the different reasons for which collectors collected and of the changing nature of manuscripts as objects with their own biographical trajectories and their own agency.

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