scholarly journals Freshwater Colonists: The Wellington Acclimatisation Society and the Introduction of Trout, 1871-1914

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alexandra Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Over Time

<p>The Wellington Acclimatisation Society was established in 1871, as part of a larger acclimatisation movement that featured the systematic introduction and exchange of many species across the world. After merging with other lower North Island societies, the Wellington Society began work on introducing trout to the streams and rivers of the district. Initially, the Society was made up of prominent members of the Wellington community, but over time these well-connected enthusiasts gave way to those with practical skills and knowledge. During the twentieth century the Society became an increasingly formalised group, working closely with the Government and other acclimatisation societies within New Zealand, as well as internationally. These networks, which were initially essential for trout introductions through imperial links, soon moved from an emphasis on importations and exchange to a focus on the continued maintenance of trout species throughout the Wellington district. The success of trout introductions relied on the ability of the Wellington Society to sufficiently modify the New Zealand environment. The close ties that existed between acclimatisation societies and the colonial Government meant the Wellington Society could undertake extensive environmental modification and management using a special authority, alongside a degree of involvement from the community. In this way, the introduction of trout had a significant impact on both the social and environmental history of New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals Freshwater Colonists: The Wellington Acclimatisation Society and the Introduction of Trout, 1871-1914

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alexandra Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Over Time

<p>The Wellington Acclimatisation Society was established in 1871, as part of a larger acclimatisation movement that featured the systematic introduction and exchange of many species across the world. After merging with other lower North Island societies, the Wellington Society began work on introducing trout to the streams and rivers of the district. Initially, the Society was made up of prominent members of the Wellington community, but over time these well-connected enthusiasts gave way to those with practical skills and knowledge. During the twentieth century the Society became an increasingly formalised group, working closely with the Government and other acclimatisation societies within New Zealand, as well as internationally. These networks, which were initially essential for trout introductions through imperial links, soon moved from an emphasis on importations and exchange to a focus on the continued maintenance of trout species throughout the Wellington district. The success of trout introductions relied on the ability of the Wellington Society to sufficiently modify the New Zealand environment. The close ties that existed between acclimatisation societies and the colonial Government meant the Wellington Society could undertake extensive environmental modification and management using a special authority, alongside a degree of involvement from the community. In this way, the introduction of trout had a significant impact on both the social and environmental history of New Zealand.</p>

History and the Militarized Landscape

2018 ◽  
pp. 162-184
Author(s):  
David Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Discourse ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The environmental history of war, especially its impacts on landscape, encompasses a much broader scope than the conflicts and the historiography of the late twentieth century. Ideas on the social and environmental processes of conflict draw from a much longer, global discourse. This chapter uses the ancient-to-modern conflict landscape of central Vietnam to argue for a multi-layered, broader analysis of the environmental history of conflict.

scholarly journals “No one may starve in the British Empire”: Kwashiorkor, Protein and the Politics of Nutrition Between Britain and Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Nott
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The Political ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Underdevelopment ◽  
Natural Result ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Political Value

Summary Throughout the twentieth century it was widely assumed that African diets were grossly deficient in protein, that childhood protein deficiency was a natural result of this generalised diet and that a relative lack of meat and milk went some way to explaining African economic underdevelopment. This article explores why these conclusions took hold; the European deification of animal protein in previous centuries; structural changes to African diets and food economies under colonial government; and the political value of such a consensus. Unlike elsewhere in the world, where deficiency was removed from the exceptionalism of tropical medicine, protein malnutrition was constructed as a particularly African concern. Focusing this discussion on the history of the severe childhood deficiency, kwashiorkor, this article explores how the politically informed othering of African nutrition came to direct, or misdirect, the medicine of malnutrition in twentieth-century Africa.

The World the Bedouin Lived in: Climate, Migration and Politics in the Early Modern Arab East

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-55
Author(s):  
Astrid Meier ◽  
Tariq Tell
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Marginal Zones

Environmental history provides a perspective from which we can deepen our understanding of the past because it examines the relationships of people with their material surroundings and the effects of those relationships on the individual as well as the societal level. It is a perspective that holds particular promise for the social and political history of arid and marginal zones, as it contributes to our understanding of the reason some groups are more successful than others in coping with the same environmental stresses. Historians working on the early modern Arab East have only recently engaged with the lively field of global environmental history. After presenting a brief overview of some strands of this research, this article illustrates the potential of this approach by looking closely at a series of conflicts involving Bedouin and other power groups in the southern parts of Bilād al-Shām around the middle of the eighteenth century.

Dementia, Selves, and Stories

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Christer Hydén
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Physical World ◽  
First Century ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Self And Identity ◽  
Over Time

This chapter provides information on the social and cultural background of dementia from the early twentieth century into the early twenty-first century. The chapter presents an overview of the discussions about dementia, self, and identity, with a particular emphasis on research on narrative and dementia. The ideas around identity in dementia, from Kitwood to Sabat and Kontos, are discussed, together with research on storytelling in dementia. A general conclusion from this chapter is that although persons with dementia over time will become increasingly challenged as storytellers, they are still active meaning-makers. They are obviously still engaged in the never-ending activity of making sense of their social as well as physical world—events in the world, as well as what people are saying and doing. Telling stories is central to this endeavor, which entails “world-making” as well as “self-making” through constructing, presenting, and negotiating a sense of self and identity.

scholarly journals A History of the New Zealand Civil Service, 1840-1866

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Balfour Douglas Zohrab
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

<p>The New Zealand Civil service is a typically British growth; it has developed from an inchoate, unregulated aggregation of disorganised departments along no settled line of growth, following no definite policy, aiming at nothing in particular; it sprang in the first instance rather from an imitation of Engliah models than from a real local need; it has been the prey of Governor after Governor, and Ministry after Ministry, and has changed its form and even to some extent its functions according to the ideas of the country's rulers every few years; not until the adoption of the recommendations of the Hunt Commission in 1912 did the service emerge into the regulated atmosphere that is essential to the smooth working of a modern administrative system. It can therefore be said that not until the twentieth century was the New Zealand Civil Service a modern institution; not until 1908 did the Government realise how far New Zealand then lagged behind Great Britain; even now, when we still lag behind, there are few signs of improvement. From the establishment of British sovereignty over New Zealand in 1840 until the passing of the Civil Service Act twenty-six years later there was no system either in the departments themselves or in the service as a whole; if indeed, it may be considered a whole during that time. From 1866 until 1912 the service drifted back towards chaos, as the authorities either did not carry out the provisions of the 1866 Act, or avoided its provisions and winked at its implications. The basis provisions of the Act, indeed, could not be ignored; but loopholes were many, and several of its most beneficial reforms were vitiated by systematic evasion.</p>

Jewish Women’s History: First Steps and a False Start—the Case of Jacob Katz

2007 ◽  
pp. 168-181
Author(s):  
Moshe Rosman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
Methodological Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
False Start ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

This chapter discusses Jacob Katz, the social historian of the mid-twentieth century. He originated some principles, methods, and concepts that have become critical in pursuing the history of Jewish women and in writing gender-conscious historiography. In discussions about Katz's contribution to the study of the history of the early modern Jewish community, it is standard to emphasize his methodological innovation. In his earlier works Katz applied the methods of ‘social history’ to his research and writing about Jewish history. According to Katz, ‘social history’ had a different aim. It used the tools of sociology, but did so in order to understand the development of a particular historical society over time — that is, through history. Katz was not interested in extrapolating universal laws.

scholarly journals A History of the New Zealand Civil Service, 1840-1866

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Balfour Douglas Zohrab
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

<p>The New Zealand Civil service is a typically British growth; it has developed from an inchoate, unregulated aggregation of disorganised departments along no settled line of growth, following no definite policy, aiming at nothing in particular; it sprang in the first instance rather from an imitation of Engliah models than from a real local need; it has been the prey of Governor after Governor, and Ministry after Ministry, and has changed its form and even to some extent its functions according to the ideas of the country's rulers every few years; not until the adoption of the recommendations of the Hunt Commission in 1912 did the service emerge into the regulated atmosphere that is essential to the smooth working of a modern administrative system. It can therefore be said that not until the twentieth century was the New Zealand Civil Service a modern institution; not until 1908 did the Government realise how far New Zealand then lagged behind Great Britain; even now, when we still lag behind, there are few signs of improvement. From the establishment of British sovereignty over New Zealand in 1840 until the passing of the Civil Service Act twenty-six years later there was no system either in the departments themselves or in the service as a whole; if indeed, it may be considered a whole during that time. From 1866 until 1912 the service drifted back towards chaos, as the authorities either did not carry out the provisions of the 1866 Act, or avoided its provisions and winked at its implications. The basis provisions of the Act, indeed, could not be ignored; but loopholes were many, and several of its most beneficial reforms were vitiated by systematic evasion.</p>

scholarly journals Surviving Fisheries Management: Aquaculture, Angling, and Lake Ahmic

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Michael Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Village

The vast majority of inland waters in Ontario have been designated as purely recreational fisheries. Environmental historians who study human-fish relations have demonstrated the influence of anglers in the establishment of fishing regulations and fisheries management policies that sought to maximize fish resources for sport fishing and fishing tourism. To achieve this goal, aquaculture programs were conducted throughout Ontario that artificially reared fish and planted them in lakes. For over a century, from approximately 1860-1960, Ontario relied on aquaculture as a blanket solution to all fishery problems. Over the past fifty years, fisheries science has questioned the ecological benefits of stocking programs. Stocking efforts in the province have been drastically reduced since the 1960s but have continued largely because of grass root initiatives from concerned anglers. Lake Ahmic is home to a small cottage community based out of the village of Magnetawan. The lake has been stocked with a variety of fish species for over a hundred years. In addition to this, several species have been accidentally introduced to Lake Ahmic altering its ecological balance. Between 1987 and 2006, a local angling organization was responsible for initiating and running a walleye-stocking program on Lake Ahmic. In 2006, to the disappointment of the local anglers and greater Magnetawan community, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources canceled the stocking program. At the root of the discord between the community and the government is a century long history of efforts to engineer a desirable nature at Lake Ahmic, as well as shifting ideas of what this desirable nature is, and the role that science should play in bringing it about. I argue that a century of stocking fish on Lake Ahmic has reified the practice into the community’s conservation ethos. The environmental history of Lake Ahmic adds insight into the social and political tensions that have arisen as a result of the cancelation of the stocking program.

scholarly journals Science as theatre: a New Zealand history of performances and exhibitions

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. A01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hodder
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Displays ◽  
History Of ◽  
Science Centres ◽  
The Government

In colonial times in New Zealand the portrayal of science to the public had a sense of theatre, with nineteenth and early twentieth century grand exhibitions of a new nation’s resources and its technological achievements complemented by spectacular public lectures and demonstrations by visitors from overseas and scientific ‘showmen’. However, from 1926 to the mid-1990s there were few public displays of scientific research and its applications, corresponding to an inward-looking science regime presided over by the Government science agency, the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. The subsequent development of science centres with their emphasis on visitor participation has led to an increase in the audience for science and a revival of theatricality in presentation of exhibitions, demonstration lectures, café scientifiques, and science-related activities.

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