scholarly journals Interrogating the Liberal Peace in East Timor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Margaret Behrend
Keyword(s):  
East Timor ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Liberal Peace ◽  
Immanent Critique ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
Liberal Peacebuilding

<p>Peace operations from the 1990s have increasingly been driven by the assumption that conflict and social unrest can be ‘solved’ through the establishment and support of liberal structures. Known academically as liberal peace, this approach advocates the liberalisation of politics and economics, and the establishment of rule of law and international human rights norms, claiming such liberal structures offer the necessary foundation to lasting peace. This claim has become unquestioned logic for many of the international bodies and individual actors that participate in the peace industry and has led to a standardised approach to post-conflict situations. However, is this “peacebuilding consensus” justified? Does liberal peace foster sustainable peace? This thesis interrogates the concept and application of liberal peace to assess the extent to which liberal peacebuilding delivers on its claims and provides the foundations of sustainable peace. Due to the enormous size of such a project and the limitations of this thesis, I focus on one case study in my analysis of the liberal peace approach – East Timor. Relying on a single example of peacebuilding allows for a more in depth discussion of efforts, however, it is insufficient to draw broader conclusions about liberal peace. This body of research, therefore, is intended to contribute to existing academic work that evaluates liberal peace. Where this thesis deviates from existing research, however, is in the application of an immanent critique to assess liberal peacebuilding in East Timor...</p>

scholarly journals Interrogating the Liberal Peace in East Timor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Margaret Behrend
Keyword(s):  
East Timor ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Liberal Peace ◽  
Immanent Critique ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
Liberal Peacebuilding

<p>Peace operations from the 1990s have increasingly been driven by the assumption that conflict and social unrest can be ‘solved’ through the establishment and support of liberal structures. Known academically as liberal peace, this approach advocates the liberalisation of politics and economics, and the establishment of rule of law and international human rights norms, claiming such liberal structures offer the necessary foundation to lasting peace. This claim has become unquestioned logic for many of the international bodies and individual actors that participate in the peace industry and has led to a standardised approach to post-conflict situations. However, is this “peacebuilding consensus” justified? Does liberal peace foster sustainable peace? This thesis interrogates the concept and application of liberal peace to assess the extent to which liberal peacebuilding delivers on its claims and provides the foundations of sustainable peace. Due to the enormous size of such a project and the limitations of this thesis, I focus on one case study in my analysis of the liberal peace approach – East Timor. Relying on a single example of peacebuilding allows for a more in depth discussion of efforts, however, it is insufficient to draw broader conclusions about liberal peace. This body of research, therefore, is intended to contribute to existing academic work that evaluates liberal peace. Where this thesis deviates from existing research, however, is in the application of an immanent critique to assess liberal peacebuilding in East Timor...</p>

Peacebuilding Functions of International Environmental Governance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ole Kristian Fauchald
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
International Environmental Governance ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
Key Aspects

This chapter seeks to focus on ‘peacebuilding’ as a construct of peace among groups that have previously been in conflict. This calls for moving beyond peacemaking and conflict resolution to consider the longer-term efforts at establishing sustainable peace. Notwithstanding the longstanding efforts of UNEP’s Post-Conflict and Disaster Management Branch, there has been very limited development of international normative and institutional structures targeting the process of post-conflict sustainable peacebuilding. How far the current international environmental governance (IEG) regimes are responsive to the specific challenges to post-conflict situations? It seeks to briefly consider four key aspects of IEG regimes: (i) Ad- hoc and subject specific (ii) Incremental and facilitative (iii) Degree of reciprocity and (iv) Science-based.

scholarly journals THE EU’S COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY IN THE CASE OF THE EULEX MISSION IN KOSOVO

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-218
Author(s):  
Bilbil Kastrati ◽  
Samo Uhan
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Management Mechanism ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Expectations Gap ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Common Security

Abstract. The article considers whether the EU’s CSDP missions are a suitable crisis management mechanism for post-conflict situations, along with the EU’s relevance in crisis management at all. For this purpose, the EU’s biggest CSDP civilian mission EULEX was chosen as a research case study. The research results reveal that EULEX has not implemented its mandate, not met the expectations of security consumers, not made any difference on the ground, and cannot be seen as an example the EU should rely on in its future missions. Further, EULEX shows that CSDP missions suffer from many shortfalls and the EU CFSP from a capability–expectations gap. The article concludes that the EULEX mission does not show the EU’s relevance in the crisis management of post-conflict situations.

Engendering the Post-Liberal Peace in Cyprus: UNSC Resolution 1325 as a Tool

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Demetriou ◽  
Maria Hadjipavlou
Keyword(s):  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Conflict Processes ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Liberal Peace ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
New Institutions

This chapter discusses the role of women in forging paths into post-liberal peace formations. The adoption of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 in 2000 could be said to have marked the incorporation of key tenets of gender rights discourse in the global liberal peace agenda. The resolution is based on liberal principles of representation and participation of women in all levels of peacebuilding and on democratisation in setting up new institutions and norms of gender equality in the post-conflict processes; it also recognises the specific protection needs of women and girls in conflict situations as well as the underutilised contribution women make to conflict prevention, peacebuilding, conflict resolution, and peacekeeping. Ultimately, the chapter asks whether gender discourse can uphold the promise of peace formation by holding peacebuilders accountable to just, democratic, and equal societies.

scholarly journals Inclusion, Justice, and Peace in Colombia

2020 ◽  
pp. 329-344
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Easterday
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Promote Gender Equality ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Just Peace

This chapter discusses the interplay between inclusion and accountability, using the Colombian peace process as an example. The chapter examines how inclusive input into the peace process, including a referendum, can shape the nature of accountability in post-conflict situations. Drawing on the ‘peace before justice’ debate, the chapter asks whether extensive inclusion can be an impediment to peace, or a guarantor of just peace. It discusses the role of women in the negotiations and the Special Jurisdiction for Peace It concludes that peace processes should be inclusive and promote gender equality to support sustainable peace.

scholarly journals Sustaining the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda: The Role of UN Peacekeeping in Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-121
Author(s):  
Lisa Sharland
Keyword(s):  
Peace Operations ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Peace Operation ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Women And Girls

Abstract Peacebuilding is less likely to succeed without the participation and consideration of women. In the last two decades, peace operations deployed on the African continent under the banner of the United Nations and the African Union have included mandates focused on strengthening women’s participation in peace processes, ensuring the protection of women and girls, and integrating gender considerations into the approach of missions at building sustainable peace. This chapter examines the approaches undertaken in two case study countries—Liberia (where a long-standing UN peace operation has recently departed) and South Sudan (where a UN peace operation continues to operate with significant constraints)—in order to examine some of the challenges and opportunities that UN engagement has offered in terms of advancing equality and women’s security in each country.

scholarly journals Peacebuilding: the Shift towards a Hybrid Peace Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syaiful Anam
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Failed States ◽  
Market System ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Liberal Peace ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Post War

This paper examines the transformation within the practice and concept ofcontemporary peacebuilding. Peacebuilding, practically and conceptually, hasbeen dominated by the liberal peace paradigm. In this case, theinstitutionalising of its core ideas such as democratisation, human rights, therule of law, and liberal market system to the post-conflict states and to a socalled ‘fragile/failed states’ aiming at bringing peace and security has failed to create a comprehensive and sustainable peace on the ground as exemplified in Nicaragua, Haiti, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and other post-war states. Scholars focused on the issue of peacebuilding have engaged to a new approach that challenge the domination of the liberal paradigm through the accommodation and appreciation upon the ‘local’ and thus create spaces for the interaction between the liberal and the ‘local’ within forms of ‘hybrid peace’ or ‘hybrid peacebuilding’

Political leadership, peacemaking, and post-conflict reconciliation: Xanana Gusmão and East Timor

Leadership ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lieberfeld
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
East Timor ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conflict Reconciliation

How and to what extent can individual leaders affect policy making during and after violent political conflicts? Why are some motivated to prioritize settlement and reconciliation? The article addresses these questions through a case study of Xanana Gusmão, who led the 24-year struggle against Indonesian military occupation in East Timor and became president. It assesses Gusmão’s influence on conflict and post-conflict policy takes a trait-based approach to understanding the motivations and capabilities of Gusmão and other “reconciliation-oriented leaders.”

The end of history and the last liberal peacebuilder: a reply to Roland Paris

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1995-2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEIL COOPER ◽  
MANDY TURNER ◽  
MICHAEL PUGH
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
International Studies ◽  
End Of History ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Liberal Peace ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
Fiscal Restraint ◽  
Open Markets ◽  
Liberal Peacebuilding

AbstractIn the April 2010Review of International Studies, Roland Paris argued that liberal peacebuilding is the only viable solution for rebuilding war-torn societies, and supported this by assailing critics of the liberal peace. In this article we challenge four key claims made by Paris: imposed and consensual peacebuilding are different experiences; there are no echoes of imperialism in modern peacebuilding; there is no alternative to the capitalist free market; and critics of the liberal peace are ‘closet liberals’. We argue that Paris ignores the extent to which all peacebuilding strategies have had a core of common prescriptions: neoliberal policies of open markets, privatisation and fiscal restraint, and governance policies focused on enhancing instruments of state coercion and ‘capacity building’ – policies that have proved remarkably resilient even while the democracy and human rights components of the liberal peace have been substantially downgraded. There is little space to (formally) dissent from these policy prescriptions – whether international peacebuilders were originally invited in or not. Furthermore, the deterministic assumption by Paris that ‘there is no alternative’ is unjustifiable. Rather than trying to imagine competing meta-alternatives to liberalism, it is more constructive to acknowledge and investigate the variety of political economies in post-conflict societies rather than measuring them against a liberal norm.

scholarly journals Right to Land, Housing, and Property

2020 ◽  
pp. 252-266
Author(s):  
Elisenda Calvet Martínez ◽  
Aitor Díaz Anabitarte
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Jus Post Bellum ◽  
State Security ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The Right

The enforcement of economic, social, and cultural rights is often neglected in transitions from conflict to peace. Reconstruction programmes and initiatives of justice in post-conflict situations are still based on the paradigms of state security and criminal prosecution. However, there is a trend to recognize the importance of safeguarding the right of refugees and displaced persons to restitution of land, housing and property so that they can return to their homes and places of residence in safe and dignified conditions, with the aim of promoting the rule of law and achieving a just and lasting peace. The chapter shows the need to deepen and advance the empowerment of the right to restitution as a principle of jus post bellum in order to attain a just and sustainable peace. It claims that jus post bellum should promote ‘positive peace’.

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