Political leadership, peacemaking, and post-conflict reconciliation: Xanana Gusmão and East Timor

Leadership ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lieberfeld
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
East Timor ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conflict Reconciliation

How and to what extent can individual leaders affect policy making during and after violent political conflicts? Why are some motivated to prioritize settlement and reconciliation? The article addresses these questions through a case study of Xanana Gusmão, who led the 24-year struggle against Indonesian military occupation in East Timor and became president. It assesses Gusmão’s influence on conflict and post-conflict policy takes a trait-based approach to understanding the motivations and capabilities of Gusmão and other “reconciliation-oriented leaders.”

scholarly journals Interrogating the Liberal Peace in East Timor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Margaret Behrend
Keyword(s):  
East Timor ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Liberal Peace ◽  
Immanent Critique ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
Liberal Peacebuilding

<p>Peace operations from the 1990s have increasingly been driven by the assumption that conflict and social unrest can be ‘solved’ through the establishment and support of liberal structures. Known academically as liberal peace, this approach advocates the liberalisation of politics and economics, and the establishment of rule of law and international human rights norms, claiming such liberal structures offer the necessary foundation to lasting peace. This claim has become unquestioned logic for many of the international bodies and individual actors that participate in the peace industry and has led to a standardised approach to post-conflict situations. However, is this “peacebuilding consensus” justified? Does liberal peace foster sustainable peace? This thesis interrogates the concept and application of liberal peace to assess the extent to which liberal peacebuilding delivers on its claims and provides the foundations of sustainable peace. Due to the enormous size of such a project and the limitations of this thesis, I focus on one case study in my analysis of the liberal peace approach – East Timor. Relying on a single example of peacebuilding allows for a more in depth discussion of efforts, however, it is insufficient to draw broader conclusions about liberal peace. This body of research, therefore, is intended to contribute to existing academic work that evaluates liberal peace. Where this thesis deviates from existing research, however, is in the application of an immanent critique to assess liberal peacebuilding in East Timor...</p>

scholarly journals Interrogating the Liberal Peace in East Timor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Margaret Behrend
Keyword(s):  
East Timor ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Liberal Peace ◽  
Immanent Critique ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
Liberal Peacebuilding

<p>Peace operations from the 1990s have increasingly been driven by the assumption that conflict and social unrest can be ‘solved’ through the establishment and support of liberal structures. Known academically as liberal peace, this approach advocates the liberalisation of politics and economics, and the establishment of rule of law and international human rights norms, claiming such liberal structures offer the necessary foundation to lasting peace. This claim has become unquestioned logic for many of the international bodies and individual actors that participate in the peace industry and has led to a standardised approach to post-conflict situations. However, is this “peacebuilding consensus” justified? Does liberal peace foster sustainable peace? This thesis interrogates the concept and application of liberal peace to assess the extent to which liberal peacebuilding delivers on its claims and provides the foundations of sustainable peace. Due to the enormous size of such a project and the limitations of this thesis, I focus on one case study in my analysis of the liberal peace approach – East Timor. Relying on a single example of peacebuilding allows for a more in depth discussion of efforts, however, it is insufficient to draw broader conclusions about liberal peace. This body of research, therefore, is intended to contribute to existing academic work that evaluates liberal peace. Where this thesis deviates from existing research, however, is in the application of an immanent critique to assess liberal peacebuilding in East Timor...</p>

The Promise of Recognition

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Elisabeth King
Keyword(s):  
Structural Factor ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Peace Agreements ◽  
Ethnic Polarization ◽  
Cross National

The key conclusion of this book is that ethnic recognition strategies can be a crucial bridge from ethnic polarization to more inclusive and peaceful societies. Whether this happens depends on the interplay of the assuring versus mobilization effects of recognition. A key structural factor that affects this interplay is whether the society is under minority or plurality ethnic rule. Cross-national and case study evidence supports this thesis. The chapter reviews implications for designing post-conflict constitutions and peace agreements. Further research should investigate longer-term effects, the mechanisms giving rise to these effects, the ways in which recognition policies work together as a system, and how the book’s theory applies to a broader set of political conflicts.

Engaging Diaspora in Reconciliation Efforts in Sri Lanka: Lessons Learnt

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Amjad Mohamed-Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Trust Building ◽  
Social And Cultural Capital ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
The World ◽  
Conflict Reconciliation ◽  
National Framework

With nearly three million Sri Lankans living overseas, across the world, there is a significant role that can be played by this constituency in post-conflict reconciliation.  This paper will highlight the lessons learnt from a process facilitated by International Alert (IA) and led by the author, working to engage proactively with the diaspora on post-conflict reconciliation in Sri Lanka.  The paper shows that for any sustainable impact, it is also critical that opportunities are provided to diaspora members representing the different communities of the country to interact and develop horizontal relations, whilst also ensuring positive vertical relations with the state. The foundation of such effective engagement strategies is trust-building. Instilling trust and gaining confidence involves the integration of the diaspora into the national framework for development and reconciliation. This will allow them to share their human, social and cultural capital, as well as to foster economic growth by bridging their countries of residence and origin.

Higher education, post-conflict democratization and the legacies of authoritarian rule: The Tripoli University Programme for Rebuilding Libya

2021 ◽  
pp. 174619792098136
Author(s):  
Sansom Milton
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Transitional Processes ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, the role of higher education in post-uprising Libya is analysed in terms of its relationship with transitional processes of democratization and civic development. It begins by contextualising the Libyan uprising within the optimism of the ‘Arab Spring’ transitions in the Middle East. Following this, the relationship between higher education and politics under the Qadhafi regime and in the immediate aftermath of its overthrow is discussed. A case-study of a programme designed to support Tripoli University in contributing towards democratisation will then be presented. The findings of the case-study will be reflected upon to offer a set of recommendations for international actors engaging in political and civic education in conflict-affected settings, in particular in the Middle East.

The quality and use of knowledge in health policy-making: a case study

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Kaati ◽  
Michael Sjöström ◽  
Monika Vester
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Use Of Knowledge
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