scholarly journals Studies on the Systematics and Anatomy of New Zealand Earthworms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kenneth Ernest Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
America South ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Original Area

<p>The study of New Zealand earthworms has been extensive, but has been confined principally to the systematics of the group. Only one family of the Oligochaeta, the Megascolecidae, is represented in the endemic fauna, but within this family, over eighty species, belonging to seventeen genera, have been recorded and described. Apart from the Megascolecidae, certain species, lumbricids, worldwide in their distribution, are present and are regarded as having been introduced through the agency of man. The family Megascolecidae is confined almost entirely to the Southern hemisphere, and the southern regions of the Northern hemisphere, and within these regions, the greatest number of species occur in New Zealand, South America, South Africa, and Australia. When the distribution of the Megascolecidae became known, in the late nineteenth century, its sporadic nature evoked a great deal of interest among zoo-geographers, since earthworms, being terrestrial, and unable to tolerate immersion in salt water, form an ideal basis for the consideration of dispersal problems among terrestrial animals as a whole. The interest thus aroused in the Megascolecidae led to much work on the group in New Zealand. Michaelsen (1913 (b)) accounts for the predominance of the Megascolecidae in the southern continental areas by postulating that originally the family had a wide distribution in the nothern and southern continents, and that other families (e.g. the Glossoscolecidae), evolved more recently in the northern continents, have gradually superseded the Megascolecidae in all but the most remote regions of their original area of distribution. Matthew (1915) came to a similar conclusion in regard to the origin of present southern faunas in the course of his work on the distribution and evolution of the Mammalia. Evidence in favour of Michaelsen's conclusions can also be derived from the distribution of slugs, spiders, Collembola, Coleoptera, littoral Echinoderms, Polychaeta and Brachiopoda in the southern land masses.</p>

scholarly journals Studies on the Systematics and Anatomy of New Zealand Earthworms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kenneth Ernest Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
America South ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Original Area

<p>The study of New Zealand earthworms has been extensive, but has been confined principally to the systematics of the group. Only one family of the Oligochaeta, the Megascolecidae, is represented in the endemic fauna, but within this family, over eighty species, belonging to seventeen genera, have been recorded and described. Apart from the Megascolecidae, certain species, lumbricids, worldwide in their distribution, are present and are regarded as having been introduced through the agency of man. The family Megascolecidae is confined almost entirely to the Southern hemisphere, and the southern regions of the Northern hemisphere, and within these regions, the greatest number of species occur in New Zealand, South America, South Africa, and Australia. When the distribution of the Megascolecidae became known, in the late nineteenth century, its sporadic nature evoked a great deal of interest among zoo-geographers, since earthworms, being terrestrial, and unable to tolerate immersion in salt water, form an ideal basis for the consideration of dispersal problems among terrestrial animals as a whole. The interest thus aroused in the Megascolecidae led to much work on the group in New Zealand. Michaelsen (1913 (b)) accounts for the predominance of the Megascolecidae in the southern continental areas by postulating that originally the family had a wide distribution in the nothern and southern continents, and that other families (e.g. the Glossoscolecidae), evolved more recently in the northern continents, have gradually superseded the Megascolecidae in all but the most remote regions of their original area of distribution. Matthew (1915) came to a similar conclusion in regard to the origin of present southern faunas in the course of his work on the distribution and evolution of the Mammalia. Evidence in favour of Michaelsen's conclusions can also be derived from the distribution of slugs, spiders, Collembola, Coleoptera, littoral Echinoderms, Polychaeta and Brachiopoda in the southern land masses.</p>

Description of the New Zealand incurvarioid Xanadoses nielseni, gen. nov., sp. nov. and placement in Cecidosidae (Lepidoptera)

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. B. Hoare ◽  
John S. Dugdale
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
The Family ◽  
America South ◽  
Break Up

Xanadoses nielseni, gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from New Zealand, where it is the only native member of the superfamily Incurvarioidea. The larva is a bark-miner, making long tortuous galleries on the trunks of various species of smooth-barked tree and pupating under a raised silk-lined 'cap' of bark. The moth is assigned to the Cecidosidae on the basis of five apomorphies shared with this family, but is considered to represent the basal lineage within the family as it lacks at least four apomorphies shared by all other genera. The distribution of this concept of Cecidosidae (South America, South Africa and New Zealand) confirms it is an ancient group that originated before the break-up of Gondwana in the late Cretaceous. A checklist of cecidosid taxa is provided.

Tertiary Bryozoan genera in the present-day Australiasian fauna — Implications for classification and biogeography

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
DP Gordon
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
South West ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Subjective Synonym

The type species of three little-known Tertiary bryozoan genera have been examined and redescribed. Victorian Bitectipora lineata, previously the only recognised species of Bitectiporidae, is shown to be related to a present-day New Zealand species which may now also be included in Bitectipora. Further, the family Bitectiporidae MacGillivray, 1895 is here considered to be a senior subjective synonym of Hippoporinidae Brown, 1952. Schizosmittina, a French Miocene genus, is confirmed to be congeneric with a suite of Holocene Australasian species and removed from the Smittinidae to the Bitectiporidae. However, on the basis of ovicellular morphology, both families are considered to be closely related. The scarcely used superfamily taxon Smittinoidea is re-established for those families with 'smittinid' ovicells (in contradistinction to 'schizoporellid' ovicells). The genus Stephanollona, based on a French Miocene species, is recognised to be a senior subjective synonym of Brodiella (Phidoloporidae), which includes present-day species from Australasia, South Africa, southern South America, Madeira, south-west Britain and the Mediterranean.

First scolebythid wasp (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea, Scolebythidae) in the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 041-045
Author(s):  
QI ZHANG ◽  
ALEXANDR P. RASNITSYN ◽  
MASSIMO OLMI ◽  
KATERYNA V. MARTYNOVA ◽  
EVGENY E. PERKOVSKY
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South America ◽  
North China ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
The Family ◽  
America South

Scolebythidae is a small relict family of ordinary looking small wasps with only four genera and six species in the contemporary fauna of Central and South America, South Africa, Madagascar, north China, Thailand, Australia and Fiji; and with 11 genera and 13 species in various Cretaceous, Eocene and Miocene ambers and rocks (Engel, 2015; present paper) ascribed to two subfamilies, one predominantly living and another mostly extinct (Engel et al., 2013). Biologically, Scolebythidae are known as gregarious parasites of xylophagous larvae of Cerambycidae and Ptinidae (Anobiinae) (summarized by Engel, 2015). Based on the morphology, the family is usually considered phylogenetically as the second most (after Plumariidae) basal one in Chrysidoidea (Brothers, 1975; Rasnitsyn, 1988, 2002; Brothers & Carpenter, 1993).

Description of the male, redescription of the female and new records of Odo patricius Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Zoridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3527 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
ANDRES TAUCARE-RIOS ◽  
ANTONIO D. BRESCOVIT
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Material ◽  
America South

The family Zoridae (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893) is currently represented by 14 genera and 79 species distributed worldwide (Platnick, 2012), of which only the genera Xenoctenus Mello-Leitão, 1938 and Odo Keyserling, 1887 are present in Americas. Xenoctenus is represented by four species, all endemic to Argentina, while Odo has, so far, a total of 27 species distributed in Central America, South America, West Indies and Australia (Platnick, 2012). The type species of Odo is O. lenis Keyserling, 1887, a specimen female described from Nicaragua. The genus Odo has never been revised and given its wide distribution and number of species, it is probably a polyphyletic genus and a complete revision is required. Also, no new material of O. lenis or O. patricius has been described since 1900.

Taphrina wiesneri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Purple Colour ◽  
America South ◽  
Leaf Curl

Abstract A description is provided for Taphrina wiesneri. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: cherry, apricot. DISEASE: Witches' broom and leaf curl of cherry and apricot (58, 1402). Also known as buckwood or bull-bough. The reddish to reddish-purple colour of the infected leaves together with the witches' broom type of growth are characteristic of the disease. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Japan, Asia, Europe (including Russia; 58, 1402). North America, South America (CMI map 199, ed. 2, 1967). TRANSMISSION: By blastosporic conidia or ascospores from infected tissue. Over-wintering on bud scales and in infected wood.

Redescription of Zinagon chilensis (Silvestri, 1903) from Chile, with a species list of Iulomorphidae from the Southern Hemisphere (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Epinannolenidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3493 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZOLTÁN KORSÓS ◽  
HELEN J. READ
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Species List ◽  
America South ◽  
Subjective Synonym

The epinannolenidean diplopod species Zinagon chilensis (Silvestri, 1903) is redescribed based on recently collected ma-terial from Chile, as well as on the re-examination of type specimens of both Iulomorpha chilensis Silvestri, 1903, andZinagon osorno Chamberlin, 1957. The latter is here designated a junior subjective synonym. A list of the species of thefamily Iulomorphidae is provided, including 15 genera occurring in the Southern Hemisphere, i.e. South America, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document