Description of the New Zealand incurvarioid Xanadoses nielseni, gen. nov., sp. nov. and placement in Cecidosidae (Lepidoptera)

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. B. Hoare ◽  
John S. Dugdale
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
The Family ◽  
America South ◽  
Break Up

Xanadoses nielseni, gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from New Zealand, where it is the only native member of the superfamily Incurvarioidea. The larva is a bark-miner, making long tortuous galleries on the trunks of various species of smooth-barked tree and pupating under a raised silk-lined 'cap' of bark. The moth is assigned to the Cecidosidae on the basis of five apomorphies shared with this family, but is considered to represent the basal lineage within the family as it lacks at least four apomorphies shared by all other genera. The distribution of this concept of Cecidosidae (South America, South Africa and New Zealand) confirms it is an ancient group that originated before the break-up of Gondwana in the late Cretaceous. A checklist of cecidosid taxa is provided.

scholarly journals Studies on the Systematics and Anatomy of New Zealand Earthworms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kenneth Ernest Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
America South ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Original Area

<p>The study of New Zealand earthworms has been extensive, but has been confined principally to the systematics of the group. Only one family of the Oligochaeta, the Megascolecidae, is represented in the endemic fauna, but within this family, over eighty species, belonging to seventeen genera, have been recorded and described. Apart from the Megascolecidae, certain species, lumbricids, worldwide in their distribution, are present and are regarded as having been introduced through the agency of man. The family Megascolecidae is confined almost entirely to the Southern hemisphere, and the southern regions of the Northern hemisphere, and within these regions, the greatest number of species occur in New Zealand, South America, South Africa, and Australia. When the distribution of the Megascolecidae became known, in the late nineteenth century, its sporadic nature evoked a great deal of interest among zoo-geographers, since earthworms, being terrestrial, and unable to tolerate immersion in salt water, form an ideal basis for the consideration of dispersal problems among terrestrial animals as a whole. The interest thus aroused in the Megascolecidae led to much work on the group in New Zealand. Michaelsen (1913 (b)) accounts for the predominance of the Megascolecidae in the southern continental areas by postulating that originally the family had a wide distribution in the nothern and southern continents, and that other families (e.g. the Glossoscolecidae), evolved more recently in the northern continents, have gradually superseded the Megascolecidae in all but the most remote regions of their original area of distribution. Matthew (1915) came to a similar conclusion in regard to the origin of present southern faunas in the course of his work on the distribution and evolution of the Mammalia. Evidence in favour of Michaelsen's conclusions can also be derived from the distribution of slugs, spiders, Collembola, Coleoptera, littoral Echinoderms, Polychaeta and Brachiopoda in the southern land masses.</p>

scholarly journals Studies on the Systematics and Anatomy of New Zealand Earthworms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kenneth Ernest Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
America South ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Original Area

<p>The study of New Zealand earthworms has been extensive, but has been confined principally to the systematics of the group. Only one family of the Oligochaeta, the Megascolecidae, is represented in the endemic fauna, but within this family, over eighty species, belonging to seventeen genera, have been recorded and described. Apart from the Megascolecidae, certain species, lumbricids, worldwide in their distribution, are present and are regarded as having been introduced through the agency of man. The family Megascolecidae is confined almost entirely to the Southern hemisphere, and the southern regions of the Northern hemisphere, and within these regions, the greatest number of species occur in New Zealand, South America, South Africa, and Australia. When the distribution of the Megascolecidae became known, in the late nineteenth century, its sporadic nature evoked a great deal of interest among zoo-geographers, since earthworms, being terrestrial, and unable to tolerate immersion in salt water, form an ideal basis for the consideration of dispersal problems among terrestrial animals as a whole. The interest thus aroused in the Megascolecidae led to much work on the group in New Zealand. Michaelsen (1913 (b)) accounts for the predominance of the Megascolecidae in the southern continental areas by postulating that originally the family had a wide distribution in the nothern and southern continents, and that other families (e.g. the Glossoscolecidae), evolved more recently in the northern continents, have gradually superseded the Megascolecidae in all but the most remote regions of their original area of distribution. Matthew (1915) came to a similar conclusion in regard to the origin of present southern faunas in the course of his work on the distribution and evolution of the Mammalia. Evidence in favour of Michaelsen's conclusions can also be derived from the distribution of slugs, spiders, Collembola, Coleoptera, littoral Echinoderms, Polychaeta and Brachiopoda in the southern land masses.</p>

The Cretaceous and Paleocene pleurotomariid (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda) fauna of Seymour Island, Antarctica

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Harasewych ◽  
Anton Oleinik ◽  
William Zinsmeister
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Southern India ◽  
New Combination ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Seymour Island

Leptomaria antipodensis and Leptomaria hickmanae are described from the Upper Cretaceous [Maastrichtian] Lopez de Bertodano Formation, Seymour Island, and represent the first Mesozoic records of the family Pleurotomariidae from Antarctica. Leptomaria stillwelli, L. seymourensis, Conotomaria sobralensis and C. bayeri, from the Paleocene [Danian], Sobral Formation, Seymour Island, are described as new. Leptomaria larseniana (Wilckens, 1911) new combination, also from the Sobral Formation, is redescribed based on better-preserved material. The limited diversity of the pleurotomariid fauna of Seymour Island is more similar to that of the Late Cretaceous faunas of Australia and New Zealand in terms of the number of genera and species, than to the older, more diverse faunas of South America, southern India, or northwestern Madagascar, supporting the status of the Weddelian Province as a distinct biogeographic unit. The increase in the species richness of this fauna during the Danian may be due to the final fragmentation of Gondwana during this period.

Tertiary Bryozoan genera in the present-day Australiasian fauna — Implications for classification and biogeography

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
DP Gordon
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
South West ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Subjective Synonym

The type species of three little-known Tertiary bryozoan genera have been examined and redescribed. Victorian Bitectipora lineata, previously the only recognised species of Bitectiporidae, is shown to be related to a present-day New Zealand species which may now also be included in Bitectipora. Further, the family Bitectiporidae MacGillivray, 1895 is here considered to be a senior subjective synonym of Hippoporinidae Brown, 1952. Schizosmittina, a French Miocene genus, is confirmed to be congeneric with a suite of Holocene Australasian species and removed from the Smittinidae to the Bitectiporidae. However, on the basis of ovicellular morphology, both families are considered to be closely related. The scarcely used superfamily taxon Smittinoidea is re-established for those families with 'smittinid' ovicells (in contradistinction to 'schizoporellid' ovicells). The genus Stephanollona, based on a French Miocene species, is recognised to be a senior subjective synonym of Brodiella (Phidoloporidae), which includes present-day species from Australasia, South Africa, southern South America, Madeira, south-west Britain and the Mediterranean.

The history of the family Onagraceae in Australia and its relevance to biogeography

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
Australian Flora

The family Onagraceae is a relatively minor part of the Australian flora but it has a long history in Australia: a probable Ludwigia dates from the Eocene; Fuchsia, not native to Australia today, is present from early Oligocene times; and Epilobium is found only in the Pleistocene. Onagraceae first appears in the Late Cretaceous in northern South America and southern North America, where it is thought to have originated, and Ludwigia dates from the Palaeocene. It is thought that Ludwigia migrated into Australia via a northern route. Fuchsia in Australia predates its first appearance in New Zealand, suggesting that New Zealand Fuchsia may have been derived from the Australian Fuchsia.

First scolebythid wasp (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea, Scolebythidae) in the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 041-045
Author(s):  
QI ZHANG ◽  
ALEXANDR P. RASNITSYN ◽  
MASSIMO OLMI ◽  
KATERYNA V. MARTYNOVA ◽  
EVGENY E. PERKOVSKY
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South America ◽  
North China ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
The Family ◽  
America South

Scolebythidae is a small relict family of ordinary looking small wasps with only four genera and six species in the contemporary fauna of Central and South America, South Africa, Madagascar, north China, Thailand, Australia and Fiji; and with 11 genera and 13 species in various Cretaceous, Eocene and Miocene ambers and rocks (Engel, 2015; present paper) ascribed to two subfamilies, one predominantly living and another mostly extinct (Engel et al., 2013). Biologically, Scolebythidae are known as gregarious parasites of xylophagous larvae of Cerambycidae and Ptinidae (Anobiinae) (summarized by Engel, 2015). Based on the morphology, the family is usually considered phylogenetically as the second most (after Plumariidae) basal one in Chrysidoidea (Brothers, 1975; Rasnitsyn, 1988, 2002; Brothers & Carpenter, 1993).

Taphrina wiesneri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Purple Colour ◽  
America South ◽  
Leaf Curl

Abstract A description is provided for Taphrina wiesneri. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: cherry, apricot. DISEASE: Witches' broom and leaf curl of cherry and apricot (58, 1402). Also known as buckwood or bull-bough. The reddish to reddish-purple colour of the infected leaves together with the witches' broom type of growth are characteristic of the disease. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Japan, Asia, Europe (including Russia; 58, 1402). North America, South America (CMI map 199, ed. 2, 1967). TRANSMISSION: By blastosporic conidia or ascospores from infected tissue. Over-wintering on bud scales and in infected wood.

Redescription of Zinagon chilensis (Silvestri, 1903) from Chile, with a species list of Iulomorphidae from the Southern Hemisphere (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Epinannolenidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3493 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZOLTÁN KORSÓS ◽  
HELEN J. READ
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Species List ◽  
America South ◽  
Subjective Synonym

The epinannolenidean diplopod species Zinagon chilensis (Silvestri, 1903) is redescribed based on recently collected ma-terial from Chile, as well as on the re-examination of type specimens of both Iulomorpha chilensis Silvestri, 1903, andZinagon osorno Chamberlin, 1957. The latter is here designated a junior subjective synonym. A list of the species of thefamily Iulomorphidae is provided, including 15 genera occurring in the Southern Hemisphere, i.e. South America, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.

Claviceps purpurea. [Distribution map].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
South America ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Claviceps purpurea (Fr.). Tul. Hosts: Rye (Seale cereale), other cereals and Gramineae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Algeria, Canary Islands, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Rhodesia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, ASIA, China, India (Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Madras, Mysore), Iran, Israel, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Philippines, Turkey, USSR (Siberia), AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, New Zealand, EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Britain and Northern Ireland, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Faroes, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irish Republic, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR (general), Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada (general), Mexico, USA, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Chile, Colombia, Peru, Tristan da Cunha, Uruguay.

Peronospora farinosa. [Distribution map].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Peronospora farinosa Kiessl. Hosts: Beet (Beta vulgaris) and other B. spp., Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), Chenopodium spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, ASIA, Afghanistan, Burma, China, Hong Kong, India (Northern States) (Uttar Pradesh) (Madhya Pradesh), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, USSR, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, New Zealand, EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Britain, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irish Republic, Italy (Sardina), Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR, Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Mexico, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Guatemala, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Sao Paulo), Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay.

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