scholarly journals Encouraging Sustainable Food Choices: The Role of Information and Values in the Reduction of Meat Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Thomas Graham
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Role Of Information

<p>Meat production for human consumption has serious environmental implications, including contributing significantly to climate change. People’s behaviour about food choice, particularly meat, plays a key role in determining the future direction of food production. Meat production, in most cases, is more resource intensive and environmentally more expensive than plant based food production. For this reason, a shift in attitude about meat consumption needs to take place to reduce the environmental impact agriculture has on the planet (i.e. moving toward less meat intensive diets), particularly in developed countries. Attitudes and behaviour are influenced by values, which are guiding principles in people’s lives, making them important in the decision making process.  This research explores the role of information as a means of changing attitudes towards meat consumption and environmental concern and whether this effect depends on an individual’s values. Survey participants were assigned randomly to a no-information control group, a message targeting self-enhancement values, or a message targeting self-transcendence values. Results indicate that information can significantly increase concern about an environmental issue but did not change attitudes towards meat consumption. Furthermore, the framing of a message can play a role in how people respond to the information provided, given their predisposing values. Implications of this research can be applied to future environmental information campaigns, through the increased effectiveness of targeted information.</p>

scholarly journals Encouraging Sustainable Food Choices: The Role of Information and Values in the Reduction of Meat Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Thomas Graham
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Role Of Information

<p>Meat production for human consumption has serious environmental implications, including contributing significantly to climate change. People’s behaviour about food choice, particularly meat, plays a key role in determining the future direction of food production. Meat production, in most cases, is more resource intensive and environmentally more expensive than plant based food production. For this reason, a shift in attitude about meat consumption needs to take place to reduce the environmental impact agriculture has on the planet (i.e. moving toward less meat intensive diets), particularly in developed countries. Attitudes and behaviour are influenced by values, which are guiding principles in people’s lives, making them important in the decision making process.  This research explores the role of information as a means of changing attitudes towards meat consumption and environmental concern and whether this effect depends on an individual’s values. Survey participants were assigned randomly to a no-information control group, a message targeting self-enhancement values, or a message targeting self-transcendence values. Results indicate that information can significantly increase concern about an environmental issue but did not change attitudes towards meat consumption. Furthermore, the framing of a message can play a role in how people respond to the information provided, given their predisposing values. Implications of this research can be applied to future environmental information campaigns, through the increased effectiveness of targeted information.</p>

Role of information leaflets in improving the practice of informed consent for patients undergoing septoplasty

2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R I S Winterton ◽  
A Alaani ◽  
D Loke ◽  
C Bem
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Information Leaflet ◽  
Verbal Instruction ◽  
Assessment Clinic ◽  
Score Following ◽  
Information Leaflets ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
Role Of Information

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of an information leaflet in improving patient understanding of the procedure and complications of septoplasty.Design: The baseline knowledge of a group of patients who had attended a pre-assessment clinic prior to septoplasty was assessed. The procedure and its complications were then verbally explained. The patients' knowledge was then re-assessed on the morning of surgery and any improvements noted. In the second arm of the study, an information leaflet was introduced at the time of verbal instruction and any differences in improvement in knowledge were assessed.Results: Data from the two groups were analysed using an analysis of covariance with differences in baseline (pre-instruction) knowledge controlled. Additional improvements in mean recall score following leaflet distribution were highly statistically significant when compared with mean recall in the control group (p<0.001).Conclusion: The use of information leaflets increases patients' knowledge about a surgical procedure and its potential complications.

scholarly journals So, We Meat Again...

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Jesler Francesca Van Houdt ◽  
Arthur Bribosia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Disengagement Theory

The meat industry is being blamed for its role regarding climate change, environmental degradations as well as food insecurity in the Global-South. Additionally, the conditions in which animals are being raised and slaughtered in industrial farms are often denounced as cruel and morally unacceptable. Assuming that most meat consumers in developed countries are to a certain extent aware of the negative consequences inherent to meat consumption, how can the increasing consumption of meat be explained? In an attempt to understand what Ricard (2014) describes as a “moral schizophrenia” (p.15), this paper applies Bandura’s Moral Disengagement Theory to industrial meat production in developed countries.

Parental monitoring and children's internet use: The role of information, control, and cues

2020 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 104208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco A. Gallego ◽  
Ofer Malamud ◽  
Cristian Pop-Eleches
Keyword(s):  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Role Of Information

The impact of food aid on world malnutrition

1981 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

Does food aid enhance or diminish the nutritional status of recipient populations in less developed countries? In proposing that the long-term impact is negative, critics have argued that aid depresses local food production, is maldistributed and mismanaged such that it does not reach the needy in sufficient quantities, or, where effective, that aid merely reduces the death rate relative to the birth rate, permitting more people to survive at the margin of existence. This study explores the long-term impact of U.S. Public Law 480 food aid through a crossnational analysis of aggregate data on aid receipts and change in nutritional status over the period from 1962 through 1974. Alternative hypotheses are tested through least squares methods and.mean difference tests in the framework of a nonequivalent control group, quasi-experimental design. This study supports the following generalizations: food aid is significantly related with improved nutritional status; the greater the aid, the greater the improvement in nutrition; higher aid recipients do not have significantly lower rates of growth in domestic food production; higher aid recipients do not have higher rates of population growth; and food aid may lead to greater meat consumption among higher aid recipients. Negative effects, experienced in some countries at some times, are not systematically incurred by all food aid recipients over time. In general, food aid does improve nutrition.

Representative meat consumption pathways for sub-Saharan Africa and their local and global energy and environmental implications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Falchetta ◽  
Nicolò Golinucci ◽  
Michel Noussan
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Sub Saharan

&lt;p&gt;In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) most people live on plant-dominated diets, with significantly lower levels of per-capita meat consumption than in any other region. Yet, economic development has nearly everywhere spurred a shift to dietary regimes with a greater consumption of meat, albeit with regional heterogeneity for meat-type and magnitude. A growing regional economy, changing cultural attitudes, and a steeply increasing population could thus push the regional demand upward in the coming decades, with significant depletion of regional and global natural resources and environmental repercussions. We study the historical association of the four main meat types with demand drivers in recently developed countries via seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) equation systems. Using the calibrated coefficients, trajectories of meat consumption in SSA to 2050 are projected relying on the SSP scenarios over GDP and population growth. Then, using a Leontiefian environmentally extended input-output (EEIO) framework exploiting the EXIOBASE3 database, we estimate the related energy, land, and water requirements, and the implied greenhouse gas (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) emissions. We calculate that if production to meet those consumption levels takes place in the continent &amp;#8211; compared to the current situation &amp;#8211; global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions would grow by 230 Mt CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;e (4.4% of today&amp;#8217;s global agriculture-related emissions), the land required for cropping and grazing would require additional 4.2 &amp;#183; 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (more than half of the total arable land in SSA), total blue water consumption would rise by 10,300 Mm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (0.89% of the global total), and additional 1.2 EJ of energy (6% of today&amp;#8217;s total primary energy demand in the region) would be required. Alternative scenarios where SSA is a net importer of final meat products are reported for comparison. The local policy and attitudes towards farming practices and dietary choices will have significant impact on both the regional environment and global GHG emissions.&lt;/p&gt;

The Psychology of Meat Consumption

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Iveta Šedová ◽  
Tereza Vandrovcová
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Eating Meat ◽  
Historic Development ◽  
Paradox Theory ◽  
Eating Animal

This chapter starts with a brief outline of the historic development of the interspecies relationships and discusses the role of norms in changing behavior. Norms play a role in maintaining the ideology of carnism which enables people to eat the flesh of certain animals due to the invisibility of meat production and to the mechanisms of objectification, deindividualization and dichotomization of livestock. According to the meat paradox theory, people alleviate the unpleasant feelings about eating animal flesh by diminishing the minds of the eaten animals. The 4N (normal, natural, necessary and nice) rationalizations which justify eating meat in current society are also pointed out. Furthermore, the role of values, attitudes and different type of motivations are discussed. In conclusion, possible ways of employing community-based social marketing are offered.

scholarly journals Information Technology and Corporate Governance in Fraud Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 16003
Author(s):  
Nendi Juhandi ◽  
Saefudin Zuhri ◽  
Mochammad Fahlevi ◽  
Rinto Noviantoro ◽  
Muhammad Nur abdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fraud Prevention ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Role Of Information

Information technology is a technology for obtaining, processing, storing and distributing various types of information files by utilizing computers and telecommunications born of strong drives to create new innovations and creativity that can overcome all laziness and slowness of human performance. The recent phenomenon of several large companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange shows that there is an improper management of the company, especially in supervision, thereby reducing the value of the company. The result is proven that developed companies, especially in developed countries, use supervision not only as a leader but also technology that can automatically detect fraud and is useful as a step to prevent fraud in companies. Corporate governance is still lacking in Indonesia and other developing countries, making the level of supervision at the company does not run optimally so that the potential for fraud is still quite large. This research contributes to fill the void level of supervision in companies in Indonesia that are still experiencing fraud, so the solution in supervision is to maximize the role of information technology in companies in Indonesia.

Expectations and perceived humor

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Wimer ◽  
Bernard C. Beins
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
External Information ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation ◽  
Role Of Information ◽  
Group Effects

AbstractWithout an objective metric for identifying how funny humorous material “really” is, a person may rely on external information in evaluating the humor of a particular humorous joke. In two experiments, we examined the effect of expectations on participants' ratings of jokes. When participants received a message that jokes had previously been rated as either funny or unfunny, they rated the jokes accordingly. In addition, participants who were told less plausible messages about the jokes (“hysterically funny” or “horribly unfunny”) tended to discount the messages and give ratings comparable to the control group. In a second experiment, we examined the effect of testing participants individually or in groups. As predicted from previous research, group effects, which may be social and emotional, did not influence participants' ratings of jokes. We discuss the findings in terms of the role of information in cognitive evaluation versus affective appreciation of humor.

The role of information in science and technology transfer in Arab countries

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
National Plan ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Role Of Information

This paper discusses the position of science and technol ogy in Arab countries and identifies the problems and obstacles in the transfer of science and technology from the developed countries to the Arab countries. It discusses the reasons for these obstacles and proposes solutions, distin guishing the information role in science and technology trans fer and the role of a national plan for information services.

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