scholarly journals After the Fall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
William Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Periods

<p>Since 2011, the Syrian Civil War has been causing devastation to ancient historic sites and forcing Syrians out of their ancestral homes. These people have the ability to flee from their country to temporary safe havens while the war continues - the ancient ruins however do not have the ability to avoid the war. This design-led thesis looks at innovative ways to create a new symbol of hope in the form of a museum acting as a memorial to the horrific disaster. It looks at a how new architecture may preserve fragments from not only the war but all historical periods as an allegorical time line. In doing so, the outcome hopes to allow the returning people to recognise the building as a reminder to the war in a sensitive way which then holds key fragments to a time which is now part of the history of Syria.  The ancient city of Bosra al-Sham is the site for this thesis as it (along with many others) has sustained considerable destruction due to the ongoing war. Bosra has obtained significant loss to not only contemporary homes, but also to its ancient ruins, which represents Bosra’s cultural heritage to Syria. This research project looks at speculative ideas of how to best preserve both contemporary and historic artefacts which have sustained damaged from the war in a museum context - in turn creating a memorial through the experience and journey of each space.</p>

scholarly journals After the Fall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
William Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Periods

<p>Since 2011, the Syrian Civil War has been causing devastation to ancient historic sites and forcing Syrians out of their ancestral homes. These people have the ability to flee from their country to temporary safe havens while the war continues - the ancient ruins however do not have the ability to avoid the war. This design-led thesis looks at innovative ways to create a new symbol of hope in the form of a museum acting as a memorial to the horrific disaster. It looks at a how new architecture may preserve fragments from not only the war but all historical periods as an allegorical time line. In doing so, the outcome hopes to allow the returning people to recognise the building as a reminder to the war in a sensitive way which then holds key fragments to a time which is now part of the history of Syria.  The ancient city of Bosra al-Sham is the site for this thesis as it (along with many others) has sustained considerable destruction due to the ongoing war. Bosra has obtained significant loss to not only contemporary homes, but also to its ancient ruins, which represents Bosra’s cultural heritage to Syria. This research project looks at speculative ideas of how to best preserve both contemporary and historic artefacts which have sustained damaged from the war in a museum context - in turn creating a memorial through the experience and journey of each space.</p>

scholarly journals Historical-Anthropological Ethno-Genesis of Albanian Society Development, Especially the Gjakovar with Surrounding One

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Bekim Avdiaj ◽  
Lumnije Avdiaj
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Phases ◽  
Unique Part ◽  
Historical Periods

Albanian society inherits an ethno-genesis since ancient ages. Part of this, is also the Gjakovar society with surrounding. Through development phases, as many other societies, this one faced with challenges from the most different. Among the main ones was the war for surviving from numerous invaders, and that until the last decade of the 20th century. Of course that all of them who had claims toward these lands, they tried through different ways, to make the history of this society as their own, alluding that this population wasn't existent in this land. However, the Albanian society managed to survive all historical periods and that by keeping its genesis clear. It had been achieved through 'inherits' guides of traditions and culture over generations, and that, leaving deep footprints not only for itself, but even for the stories of neighbor societies. So, through this study, we will try to tell how the society of Gjakova region has kept its ethno-genesis, proving that it was a unique part of Albanian society and that was one of the very first in Europe. We will prove it through showing historical-anthropological fact since the antiquity to the newest artifacts. To clarify that this population is really autochthonous in this land, it is told also by saving and taking-after the cultural heritage. As an argument it is also the keeping of surnames based on cultivated artisans through ages, which are still being held by a part of this population.

21. The Onset of the Syrian Uprising and the Origins of Violence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinoud Leenders
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
Short History ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Arab Uprisings ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Popular Mobilization

This chapter examines the early stages of mass mobilization in Syria that sparked the Arab uprisings. Starting from December 2010 in Tunisia, Arabs from various walks of life took to the streets in protest against decades-long authoritarian rule, repression, and corruption in what came to be known as the Arab uprisings, or Arab Spring. These waves of protest reached Syria in March 2011. While Syria’s protests initially were largely peaceful, they soon gave way to violence, which culminated in an armed insurgency by the end of 2011 and, combined with regime brutality, a civil war. Before explaining how, when, and why the uprisings happened, the chapter provides a short history of growing popular discontent that resulted in the onset of the Syrian uprisings. It then analyses the roots of the uprising’s militarization and the ensuing popular mobilization and concludes with an assessment of the Syrian civil war.

scholarly journals Activities of Local Historians on Conservation Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Kursk Province during the Civil War

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-388
Author(s):  
Kirill A. Listopad
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Local History ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects

Introduction. The local history movement, which was formed on a voluntary basis in the Russian Empire, was placed in difficult conditions during the Civil War: a fratricidal war, which did not spare human lives, also destroyed the country’s historical and cultural values. This served as an impetus for the activation of the activity of local historians in the center, and especially in the localities. In the center are active figures of local lore S. F. Oldenburg and V. P. Semenov-Tian-Shansky called on the intelligentsia to make efforts to preserve cultural values maximumly; the All-Russian Collegium for Museums and the Preservation of Antiquities was created as part of the People’s Commissariat of the RSFSR, which included, inter alia, the famous artists I. E. Grabar, A. V. Grishchenko, K. S. Malevich. In the provinces, local historians united into the Academic Archival Commissions. They fought against the robbery of noble estates, collected and preserved cultural and historical values, and organized educational conversations. Methods. The solution of the research problems was provided by a set of interconnected theoretical (analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization) and empirical (study and generalization of sources, hermeneutic) methods. Results. The local history movement in the Soviet Russia was placed under the control of the state authorities. During the Civil War local historians performed the function of preserving the cultural and historical heritage, organized another area of work – the history of studying the activities of the Bolshevik party on the fieldwork. Conclusion. The dedicated work of members of local history organizations in extreme conditions helped to save many cultural heritage objects from destruction: in the Kursk province, for example, the noble estates of the Nelidovs, Baryatinsky, Yusupovs and others. They managed to maintain the personnel of the organizations. Their budget even existed, which indicates a high organization of their work.

Innocent Children in the Syrian Civil War

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Mehmet Emin Çelikkaya ◽  
Ahmet Atıcı ◽  
Çigdem EL ◽  
Bülent Akçora
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
War Injuries ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
War Victims ◽  
Trauma Score ◽  
Type Of Injury

Abstract Introduction Our aim is to present the clinical and surgical characteristics of the children affected by the Syrian civil war. Materials and Methods Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for Syrian war victims between the ages of 0 and 18 who were brought to the emergency department of the Education and Research Hospital between March 2011 and March 2019. Each patient was evaluated with respect to demographic data (gender, age), type of injury, history of operations in Syria, injured organ(s), accompanying traumas and the mortality and trauma score. Results The majority of our study population of 147 patients were male (108/147, 73.46%), and 39 of the total were girls (26.53%). The mean age of the patients was 9 (7.5 ± 4). The mean age of the girls was 8.5 (range: 7 months to 16 years), and the mean age of the boys was 9.2 (4 months to 17 years). Seventeen patients who had abdominal surgery in Syria were operated on again after clinical and radiological observations. A total of 83 patients were operated on in Turkey. For 66 of those patients, the operation in Turkey was their first surgery on their war injuries. Seventeen patients were operated on in Syria but needed surgery again in Turkey. Conclusion War affects not only the battlefield, but also the neighboring countries in many aspects such as medical, social, and economic. Hollow organ injuries are the most common intraabdominal pathologies. Delayed intervention is associated with increase mortality and morbidity.

scholarly journals Plastics that made history - the contribution of conservation science for the history of the Portuguese Plastics Industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana França de Sá ◽  
Sara Marques da Cruz ◽  
Maria Elvira Callapez ◽  
Vânia Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Conservation Science ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Characteristic Absorption ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plastics Industry

The plastic objects from our cultural heritage are material testimonies of our history, technology and industry. Still, in Portugal, there is no museum of plastics, and the collections are spread through private collectors and industries. The research project, 'The Triumph of Bakelite - Contributions to a History of Plastics in Portugal', aims at creating this museum. To this end, the research work gave rise to the exhibition, 'Plasticity - A History of Plastics in Portugal', in Museu de Leiria in 2019. This study focuses on the contribution of conservation science for the writing of this history and preparation of ca. 150 historical plastic objects for display. Bakelite, melamine, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and plasticized polyvinyl chloride are just a few examples of the polymers identified by infrared spectroscopy. This identification was crucial to tell the history of the plastics industry in Portugal. Both the spectra and characteristic absorption bands of each polymer are presented.

scholarly journals Coffee Frontier in Proto-Colonial and Colonial Angola

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jelmer Vos
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Coffee Cultivation

Coffee plantations were unquestionably one of the defining features of Angola’s colonial landscape. From the 1870s to independence, coffee was the main export of this former Portuguese colony, barring a couple of intervals during which rubber and diamonds held first place. During this time, Angola ranked consistently among the world’s largest robusta producers, which it might still have been today had the country’s civil war (1975-2002) not made commercial farming all but impossible. In Angolan popular memory, coffee occupies an ambivalent position: for some people it brings up memories of colonial forced labor, while others recollect stories of successful family farms. My research project, “Coffee and Colonialism in Angola, 1820-1960,” aims to reconstruct the multiple, intertwined realities behind these contrasting memories. Focusing on northern Angola, where smallholding and estate farming always coexisted, it investigates how African farmers, colonial settlers, foreign traders, and global consumers shaped one of the oldest commercial coffee frontiers in sub-Saharan Africa. In doing so, it reflects on the question to what extent “colonialism” is the proper lens through which to study the history of coffee cultivation in Angola. 

HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE 1917 REVOLUTION AND THE CIVIL WAR IN SIBERIA IN THE FUNDS OF THE KANSK MUSEUM OF LOCAL LORE

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 398-402
Author(s):  
MALYUCHENKO L. ◽  
◽  
KHMYROVA S. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peculiar Phenomenon

The article is devoted to the consideration of the history of preservation, study, popularization of the historical and cultural heritage of the period of the revolutionary events of 1917 and the civil war of 1918-1920 in the Kansk Museum of Local Lore. The characteristics of the features of these periods for Kansk and the Kansk district of the Yenisei province are given, the main stages in the work of the museum with the historical and cultural heritage are highlighted and their distinctive features are noted. The life and work of R.P. Eideman, VG. Yakovenko, VYa. Zazubrin, VA. Itin, whose heritage has not only regional, but also all-Russian significance, are associated with the Kansk and Kansk uyezds during the period under study. The Kansk Museum of Local Lore is studying and popularizing it. The article describes the characteristics of this work. For the history of Siberia during the civil war, the Taseev partisan republic is a peculiar phenomenon. The article draws attention to the importance of this topic for the museum. The article emphasizes that in modern conditions, the historical and cultural heritage of the period of the revolutionary events of 1917 and the civil war of 1918-1920 remains in demand, and new opportunities appear for its study and popularization. Keywords: historical and cultural heritage, museum, Sibiria, civil war

scholarly journals A Short Review of Influencing Factors of Islamic Architecture in Aleppo, Syria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5689-5693
Author(s):  
E. Noaime ◽  
A. Osman ◽  
M. A. Said ◽  
G. Abdullah ◽  
M. Touahmia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Human Scale ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Civil War Era ◽  
Islamic Civilization

This research aims to examine Aleppo’s distinctive architectural design profiles, most precisely those of residential buildings, and to highlight factors that indicate how the Islamic culture influenced the architectural structure in the pre-civil war era. Descriptive research, observation, and documentation of architectural elements that determine the general characteristics of housing in the city of Aleppo were used. The study focused on Wakil and Zamriah houses as case studies because of their accessibility and excellent exemplary style. The current study sheds light on the history of Aleppo’s urban development and its influence by the Islamic civilization during the late Ottoman era up to the Syrian civil war in 2011. It is shown how Islamic civilization influenced Aleppo's residential buildings in terms of simplicity, respect for human scale, equality, and privacy.

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