Innocent Children in the Syrian Civil War

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Mehmet Emin Çelikkaya ◽  
Ahmet Atıcı ◽  
Çigdem EL ◽  
Bülent Akçora
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
War Injuries ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
War Victims ◽  
Trauma Score ◽  
Type Of Injury

Abstract Introduction Our aim is to present the clinical and surgical characteristics of the children affected by the Syrian civil war. Materials and Methods Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for Syrian war victims between the ages of 0 and 18 who were brought to the emergency department of the Education and Research Hospital between March 2011 and March 2019. Each patient was evaluated with respect to demographic data (gender, age), type of injury, history of operations in Syria, injured organ(s), accompanying traumas and the mortality and trauma score. Results The majority of our study population of 147 patients were male (108/147, 73.46%), and 39 of the total were girls (26.53%). The mean age of the patients was 9 (7.5 ± 4). The mean age of the girls was 8.5 (range: 7 months to 16 years), and the mean age of the boys was 9.2 (4 months to 17 years). Seventeen patients who had abdominal surgery in Syria were operated on again after clinical and radiological observations. A total of 83 patients were operated on in Turkey. For 66 of those patients, the operation in Turkey was their first surgery on their war injuries. Seventeen patients were operated on in Syria but needed surgery again in Turkey. Conclusion War affects not only the battlefield, but also the neighboring countries in many aspects such as medical, social, and economic. Hollow organ injuries are the most common intraabdominal pathologies. Delayed intervention is associated with increase mortality and morbidity.

Attitude Examination Related to Breast Cancer Among Women in Bács-Kiskun County, Hungary

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Annamária Pakai ◽  
András Oláh ◽  
Gabriella Farkasné-Buzánczky ◽  
Mónika Sélleyné-Gyúró ◽  
Éva Brantmüller
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Population Mortality

AbstractBreast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and a leading cause of mortality among women both in developed and developing countries all over the world. Our research questions were the following: 1. What is the ratio of women participating in mammography screening? 2. What factors influence the attendance of the screening? A quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study (2013) examined women aged 35-65 without a history of breast cancer from Kecskemét City and its region. Non-random, convenience sampling method was applied in the study. The self-edited and self-administered questionnaire included the following groups of questions: socio-demographic data, attitude examination related to screening, reasons for absence. Besides SPSS Statistics, 20.00 test, x2 test, t-test, and ANOVA were used (p<0.05). During the Principal Component Analysis, 23 variables of the motivational scale were grouped into six theoretical subgroups, and the Cronbach-alpha value was 0.758. The mean age of the participants was 49.96±8.91 years.71% of the interviewees never attended breast cancer screening. Regarding the sample, the mean age of women participating in the screening for the first time was 39.66±12.21 years. Women with college/university degree attained high scores on the knowledge test (p<0.05). A significant part of women went to the screening because they feel responsibility for their health status or due to the family history of breast cancer. Fear, shame, or inconveniencies during examination did not affect participation in screening. Prevention programs play a significant role in the improvement of the health status of the Hungarian population. Mortality and morbidity indicators can be reduced by regularly organized, preventive activities based on appropriate knowledge. Thus, the number of healthy years can be increased.

scholarly journals Determinants of anemia among pregnant women: A hospital based cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3609
Author(s):  
P. Kalpana ◽  
A. Kavitha
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Segment Cesarean Section ◽  
Menstrual History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background: The objective was to study the determinants of anemia among pregnant women. There is a negative effect on the health of the mother and as well as that of the child due to anemia in women with pregnancy. Death rate is more in women who are pregnant and having anemia. The objective of this study was to study the determinants of anemia among pregnant women.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 40 pregnant women over a period of six months. Demographic data like age, residence, occupation etc was recorded. Obstetric data like gravida, parity, previous LSCS was also recorded. The data was presented as means and student’s t test was applied.Results: The mean age was 23.43±3.4 years. Majority were young between the ages of 19-22 years. Majority belonged to urban residents i.e. 57.5%. 20% of the subjects were found to be illiterate. Majority of the mothers were housewives i.e. 82.5%. Majority were multi-gravida i.e. 60%. Majority had no history of abortions in the past i.e. 75%. Out of total 19 repeat pregnancies, majority i.e. 84.2% had lower segment cesarean section. Majority reported that they had normal menstrual history. The mean hemoglobin level was found out to be 7.94 gm/dl. It was found that the mean hemoglobin level did not differ significantly across age, residence, education, occupation, gravidity, history of abortions, type of delivery but differed significantly by abnormal menstrual cycle.Conclusions: Mean hemoglobin level was more in women with normal menstrual history compared to those women with abnormal menstrual history and this difference was found out to be statistically significant. Hence abnormal menses should be promptly treated, hemoglobin assessed.

scholarly journals Congenital malformations among newborns in Morocco: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Elghanmi ◽  
Rachid Razine ◽  
Mohamed Jou ◽  
Rachid Berrada
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tertiary Teaching Hospital ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neonates And Infants

Congenital malformations are one of the leading causes of neonates and infants’ mortality and morbidity. The frequency of these congenital malformations varies in different populations. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence and pattern of congenital malformations in a tertiary teaching hospital in Rabat, Morocco. This four-year retrospective descriptive study was conducted from January 2011 to December 2014. All newborns with congenital malformations diagnosed at birth were included. Mothers and newborn characteristics were analyzed using SPSS 13.0. A total of 706 newborns were noted to have congenital malformation. The prevalence rate was 1.02%. The mean maternal age was 28.8±7.2 years. The mean maternal body mass index was 28.1±6.9 kg/m2. 13.3% of the mothers had a history of abortion. The nervous system was the most affected system (19.4%) followed by the musculoskeletal system (14.2%), the chromosomal abnormalities (12.3%) and the genito-urinary system (10.8%). Males newborns (57.9%) had more congenital malformations than females (40.5%). The rates for live-births, fetal asphyxia and stillbirths were 75.2%, 7.2% and 17.3%, respectively. This retrospective study provides recent and detailed data about congenital malformations in a Moroccan region. The result from this study will contribute to the knowledge of congenital malformations in this particular area and hence the supportive preventive policy.

scholarly journals Treatment of secondary hip arthritis from shell fragment and gunshot injury in the Syrian civil war

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raif Özden ◽  
Serkan Davut ◽  
Yunus Doğramacı ◽  
Aydıner Kalacı ◽  
İbrahim Gökhan Duman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Harris Hip Score ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Hip Arthritis ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
Shell Fragment ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background In gunshot and shell fragment injuries to the hip joint, orthopedic intervention includes wound assessment and care, osteosynthesis of fractures, and avoiding of infection and osteoarthritis. Individuals injured in the Syrian civil war were frequently transferred to the authors’ institution in neighboring city. Orthopedic trauma exposures were determined in approximately 30% of these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the patients with secondary hip arthritis due to prior gunshot and shell fragment (shrapnel) injuries who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty. Methods This retrospective study reviewed 26 patients (24 males, 2 females) who underwent hip arthroplasty due to prior gunshot and shell fragment injuries from November 2013 to January 2019. For all patients, the Harris Hip Score (HHS) was evaluated preoperatively and after surgery. Results Mean age was 31.5 (range, 19–48) years. The mean preoperative HHS was 52.95 points, and the mean postoperative HHS was 79.92 points at the final follow-up after surgery. Patients with shell fragment injuries to the hip joint had higher infection rates, but it is not statistically significant. Conclusions An anatomic reduction of the fracture may not be possible in these cases as a result of significant bone and/or cartilage loss. Total hip arthroplasty can be done after gunshot- and shell fragment-related posttraumatic arthritis. It is an effective treatment choice to reduce pain and improve function, but the surgeon must be very careful because of high rate of infection.

Assessment of Mortality and Morbidity in Covid patients with Previous Pulmonary Pathology of SKZH/CMH

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2954-2955
Author(s):  
Syed Sajid Ali Bukhari ◽  
Munazza Nazir ◽  
Sohail Khan Raja ◽  
Abdur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pulmonary Pathology ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Aim: To study the severity of symptoms, rates of mortality and morbidity in COVID patients with and without previous pulmonary pathology. Methodology: The cohort study consisted of 244 patients and nearly all the individuals had underlying diseases. Data collection forms included demographic data, medical history, history of exposure to infection, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, HRCT results, treatment measures especially history of corticosteroid use, and duration of illness. Results: In 244 patients, 180 patients were having the pulmonary pathology and other 64 were having no pulmonary pathology. 77.2% (139/180) of the patients showed severe symptoms in the previous pulmonary pathology while 21.8% (10/64) showed severe symptoms in the group with no pulmonary pathology. 16.1% (29/180) patients died because of COVID and were also having pulmonary pathology. While 10.9% (7/64) patients died in the group having no pulmonary pathology. Conclusion: In this study, 16.1% patients died of COVID with pulmonary pathology. While 10.9% patients died having no pulmonary pathology. 77.2% of the patients showed severe symptoms with previous pulmonary pathology while 21.8% showed severe symptoms with no pulmonary pathology. Keywords: Covid-19, Mortality, morbidity

scholarly journals Clinical profile of congenital limb anomalies in neonates

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh N. Parikh ◽  
Mitul B. Kalathia ◽  
Dhanya Soodhana
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Limb Anomalies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Limb Malformations ◽  
Congenital Limb ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Reported birth prevalence of congenital limb defects vary from country to country. Epidemiological studies permit the timely detection of trends in congenital limb anomalies and the associations with other birth defects. The objective of this study was to know the prevalence and the variety of congenital limb anomalies and their association with other anomalies.Methods: A prospective observational study in which all newborns reported to the neonatal department were surveyed to find out the incidence, diversity and association of limb anomalies. Age of the mother, risk factors and other demographic data of the newborns was analyzed. Babies born less than 28 weeks were excluded from the study.Results: The prevalence was 6.34 per thousand live births. The majority of the neonates were term babies and female. 28 % of the babies were born out of consanguineous marriage. The mean age of the mother was 25. Median parity was 1. 9.52 % of the babies had a history of anomaly in the sibling. 4.76 % had a history of still birth. The most common congenital anomaly was congenital talipo equino varus. The other congenital limb anomalies observed were polydactyly, syndactyly, bifid thumb and absence of the radius. There were multiple congenital anomalies in 28.57 % of the babies.Conclusions: The study has given us an insight into the variety of congenital limb malformations and also into the possible etiological factors. A study done on a larger population would probably help us assess the incidence and pattern of occurrence of limb anomalies and help us counsel the parents. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Bhuj district: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1412
Author(s):  
Vinayak Chauhan ◽  
Kashyap Buch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Test ◽  
Serum Uric Acid Level ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background: In order to control any disease basic knowledge about the prevalence and risk factors of the particular disease is required.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2600 individuals aged between 25 and 70 years old were recruited. Participants were selected from the general population residing in Bhuj, Gujarat, India via simple random sampling. Demographic data were collected. Urine and blood test were performed, and the glomerular filtration rate was estimated.Results: One hundred and thirty participants (10%) had CKD. The mean age was significantly higher in the CKD group. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were significantly more prevalent among the participants with CKD than those without CKD (P < 0.001 for both). Proteinuria was significantly associated with CKD, whereas a history of urinary tract infection, a history of nephrolithiasis, smoking, serum uric acid level, lipid profile, and blood glucose level were not.Conclusions: Overall, it seems that CKD is a common health problem in Gujarat, but further studies in other parts of this country is recommended for the better estimation of CKD prevalence. This study shows the importance of screening for CKD.

scholarly journals Acetaminophen Serum Levels in Patients with unknown Poisoning and Loss of Consciousness

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Alireza Ala ◽  
Samad Shams Vahdati ◽  
Ghader Bakhsh Rigi ◽  
Paria Habibollahi ◽  
Shahrad Tajodini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Toxic Level ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Outcome Mortality

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of acetaminophen in patients with unknown poisoning and loss of consciousness, and to assess whether measuring serum acetaminophen level in all patients with drug overdose or decreased level of consciousness changes outcome. Methods & Materials: In a descriptive-analytical study, 300 patients with loss of consciousness and a history of drug toxicity with an unknown drug that referred to the emergency unit constituted the study sample. Serum acetaminophen levels of patients, the outcome, mortality, and morbidity of patients were evaluated. Results: The mean age of patients was 28.88±8.67 years. The minimum age of patients was 15 years and the maximum age of patients was 58 years. The mean serum level of acetaminophen in patients was 0.62±0.55 μg/ml. The highest level and the lowest level of acetaminophen in patients were 2.8 μg/ml and 0.2 μg/ml respectively. Serum acetaminophen level in patients was less than the toxic level (less than 30 μg/ml). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, acetaminophen as a widely used and available drug is not a common cause of poisoning in patients with loss of consciousness in our region.

scholarly journals Treatment of Secondary Hip Arthritis from Shell Fragment and Gunshot Injury in the Syrian Civil War

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raif Özden ◽  
Serkan Davut ◽  
Yunus Doğramacı ◽  
Aydıner Kalacı ◽  
İbrahim Gökhan Duman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Harris Hip Score ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Hip Arthritis ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
Shell Fragment ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: In gunshot and shell fragment injuries to the hip joint, orthopaedic intervention includes wound assessment and care, osteosynthesis of fractures, and avoiding of infection and osteoarthritis. Individuals injured in the syrian civil war were frequently transferred to the author's institution in neighboring city. Orthopaedic trauma exposures were determined in approximately 30% of these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the patients with secondary hip arthritis due to prior gunshot and shell fragment (shrapnel) injuries who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 26 patients (24 males, 2 females) who underwent hip arthroplasty due to prior gunshot and shell fragment injuries from November 2013 to January 2019. For all patients Harris Hip Score (HHS) were evaluated preoperatively and after surgery. Results: Mean age was 31,5 (range, 19-48) years. The mean preoperative HHS was 52.95 points and the mean postoperative HHS was 79.92 points at the final follow-up after surgery. Patients with shell fragment injuries to the hip joint, had higher infection rates but it is not statistically significant.Conclusions: An anatomic reduction of the fracture may not be possible in these cases as a result of significant bone and/or cartilage loss. Total hip arthroplasty can be done after gunshot and shell fragment related posttraumatic arthritis. It is efective treatment choice to reduce pain and improve function but the surgeon must be very carefull because of high rate of infection.

21. The Onset of the Syrian Uprising and the Origins of Violence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinoud Leenders
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
Short History ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Arab Uprisings ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Popular Mobilization

This chapter examines the early stages of mass mobilization in Syria that sparked the Arab uprisings. Starting from December 2010 in Tunisia, Arabs from various walks of life took to the streets in protest against decades-long authoritarian rule, repression, and corruption in what came to be known as the Arab uprisings, or Arab Spring. These waves of protest reached Syria in March 2011. While Syria’s protests initially were largely peaceful, they soon gave way to violence, which culminated in an armed insurgency by the end of 2011 and, combined with regime brutality, a civil war. Before explaining how, when, and why the uprisings happened, the chapter provides a short history of growing popular discontent that resulted in the onset of the Syrian uprisings. It then analyses the roots of the uprising’s militarization and the ensuing popular mobilization and concludes with an assessment of the Syrian civil war.

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