scholarly journals Plastics that made history - the contribution of conservation science for the history of the Portuguese Plastics Industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana França de Sá ◽  
Sara Marques da Cruz ◽  
Maria Elvira Callapez ◽  
Vânia Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Conservation Science ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Characteristic Absorption ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plastics Industry

The plastic objects from our cultural heritage are material testimonies of our history, technology and industry. Still, in Portugal, there is no museum of plastics, and the collections are spread through private collectors and industries. The research project, 'The Triumph of Bakelite - Contributions to a History of Plastics in Portugal', aims at creating this museum. To this end, the research work gave rise to the exhibition, 'Plasticity - A History of Plastics in Portugal', in Museu de Leiria in 2019. This study focuses on the contribution of conservation science for the writing of this history and preparation of ca. 150 historical plastic objects for display. Bakelite, melamine, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and plasticized polyvinyl chloride are just a few examples of the polymers identified by infrared spectroscopy. This identification was crucial to tell the history of the plastics industry in Portugal. Both the spectra and characteristic absorption bands of each polymer are presented.

scholarly journals Atlas of Shipwrecks in Inner Ionian Sea (Greece): A Remote Sensing Approach

Heritage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1210-1236
Author(s):  
Maria Geraga ◽  
Dimitris Christodoulou ◽  
Dimitrios Eleftherakis ◽  
George Papatheodorou ◽  
Elias Fakiris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Political Economic

Underwater cultural heritage (UCH) sites constitute an important part of the overall cultural heritage both nationally and globally as they carry cultural, environmental, scientific, technological, political, economic and social viewpoints. UCH includes not only submerged sites and buildings, but also vessels and aircrafts. The Inner Ionian Sea in Greece is a place rich in a significant number of shipwrecks with a timespan ranging from ancient times right through to the 20th century. The results herein present the study of ancient, World War I (WWI), World War II (WWII) and more recent shipwrecks in the inner Ionian Sea. A total of 11 out of 36 known shipwrecks in the area have been systematically studied using marine remote sensing and ground truthing techniques. The marine remote sensing sensors include: side scan sonars, sub-bottom profilers and multi-beam echo-sounders. At each wreck site, the condition of the wreck, the debris field and man-made activities were determined based mainly on acoustic data. The history of each wreck is also briefly documented. The conclusion of the current research work is that there is an immediate need for a shipwreck protection framework in the Inner Ionian Sea; wrecks included in this work are a highly important part of UCH and man-made activities (e.g., fishing) threaten their integrity.

scholarly journals A CONSTITUIÇÃO DA CIÊNCIA DA CONSERVAÇÃO E A PROJEÇÃO DA CIÊNCIA DO PATRIMÔNIO

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacy-Ara Froner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Early History ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Conservation Science ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Heritage Science ◽  
History Of

Resumo: A integração gradual da ciência no âmbito museológico e o fortalecimento da colaboração entre conservadores-restauradores, cientistas da conservação e curadores podem fornecer as pistas necessárias para compreender a história da Ciência da Conservação e a projeção atual da Ciência do Patrimônio. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a Primeira Conferência Internacional para o Estudo de Métodos Científicos para o Exame e Conservação de Obras de Arte, que ocorreu em Roma, em 1930. Realizado sob os auspícios do Escritório Internacional de Museus (1926-194), do Instituto Internacional de Cooperação Intelectual (1924-1946) e por meio das ações dos comitês nacionais, este encontro pode ser considerado um marco no estabelecimento da área da Ciência da Conservação, tanto no que se refere à visibilidade dos primeiros laboratórios, quanto no que concerne as discussões de formação do Conservador-restaurador.Palavras Chave: ciência do patrimônio, ciência da conservação, conservação-restauro, epistemologia, formaçãoAbstract: SCIENCE CONSTITUTION OF CONSERVATION AND THE PROJECTION OF HERITAGE SCIENCE. The gradual integration of science into the museum and the strengthening of the collaboration between the conservators-restorers, the conservation scientists, and the curators describe the early history of the Conservation Science and the current launch of the Heritage Science. This paper aims to discuss the First International Conference for the Study of Scientific Methods for the Examination and Preservation of Works of Art, which took place in Rome 1930. It was held under the auspices of the International Museums Office (1926-1946), of the International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation (1924-1946), and of the Nationals Committees. Also, it must be realised as the landmark in the discussion of the Conservation Science of the Cultural Heritage because of the visibility of the first laboratories, besides of the establishment of the debates about to the conservator-restorer training.Keywords: heritage science, conservation science, conservation-restoration, epistemology, training

scholarly journals Исследование структуры бивня мамонта методом ИК спектроскопии

2022 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
В.В. Павлова ◽  
Е.С. Петухова ◽  
Т.А. Исакова ◽  
Е.С. Колесова ◽  
А.А. Чириков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Organic Part ◽  
Characteristic Absorption ◽  
Carbonate Anion

The structure of mammoth tusk was investigated by infrared spectroscopy, including after heat treatment. The whole complex of functional groups of the tusk components - hydroxyapatite, collagen and water - was revealed. It was found that collagen in the IR spectrum is represented mainly by characteristic absorption bands of amide and aliphatic groups. After heat treatment at 600 °C, the organic part is completely removed from the sample. It was found that hydroxyapatite in mammoth tusk is presented in a carbonate-substituted form, however, heat treatment at 900 °C leads to the removal of carbonate anion and water from the sample, which is accompanied by the transition of hydroxyapatite from the nonstoichiometric state to the stoichiometric state.

scholarly journals Merchant Libraries in the Cultural Heritage of Irkutsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-528
Author(s):  
Vadim Shakherov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
State University ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

The article considers the role of merchant libraries in the history of the city. The reviewed books open a new publishing series of the scientific library of Irkutsk University, dedicated to merchant libraries of Irkutsk. Its publications provide an opportunity to get familiar with the old book collections of Irkutsk residents, know more about the interest in books and reading in our city as well as the history of private libraries. The first book in the series, published in 2019, was dedicated to the book collection of the largest Irkutsk merchant, the philanthropist and bibliophile V.N. Basnin, whose estate was one of the largest cultural salons in Irkutsk in the first half of the 19th century. The book under review contains the most complete catalog of Basnin’s library, which he had been collecting for more than 40 years. It should be noted that he was not only a reader, but also quite a professional bibliographer, ordered by mail novelty books, making their systematization and description. The second book in the series is dedicated to other merchant libraries. Its compilers have done a lot of research work to find these publications, systematize them and identify their owners. The catalog presented by the Irkutsk State University library most fully reflects the merchants’ interest in printed publications. It includes 969 book titles, reflecting 1 194 editions with exlibrises, autographs and notes of their owners. Despite the purely bibliographic nature of the peer-reviewed publications, which are considered in the research, they are of interest to different groups of people. The author notes the importance of the books not only to library workers, but also to all the readers who are not indifferent to the history of cultural life in Irkutsk, as well as to the role of books and home libraries in personality development and formation of human abilities.

scholarly journals Innovation in preservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Richard Velthuizen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Grain Elevators ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Maritime Museum

The preservation of a large and complex museum vessel is often demanding work in building good practices and beneficial networks among specialists, supporters, and the community. The grain elevator “Stadsgraanzuiger 19” that can be visited either at Maritime Museum Rotterdam or Museum aan de Stroom in Antwerp is a case in point. It’s story exemplifies that challenges in museum collections and research work to permanently preserve such a spectacular and massive machine. In this article Richard Velthuizen revisits the history of grain elevators, the socio-technical change at Rotterdam port, and the preservation and cultural heritage efforts in saving this historic elevator. He also unentangles the social process with which the large, floating machine has been preserved.

scholarly journals SPHERICAL IMAGES FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE: SURVEY AND DOCUMENTATION WITH THE NIKON KM360

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-2 ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gottardi ◽  
F. Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Panoramic Images ◽  
Spherical Images ◽  
Spherical Camera

The work presented here focuses on the analysis of the potential of spherical images acquired with specific cameras for documentation and three-dimensional reconstruction of Cultural Heritage. Nowadays, thanks to the introduction of cameras able to generate panoramic images automatically, without the requirement of a stitching software to join together different photos, spherical images allow the documentation of spaces in an extremely fast and efficient way.<br> In this particular case, the Nikon Key Mission 360 spherical camera was tested on the Tolentini’s cloister, which used to be part of the convent of the close church and now location of the Iuav University of Venice. The aim of the research is based on testing the acquisition of spherical images with the KM360 and comparing the obtained photogrammetric models with data acquired from a laser scanning survey in order to test the metric accuracy and the level of detail achievable with this particular camera.<br> This work is part of a wider research project that the Photogrammetry Laboratory of the Iuav University of Venice has been dealing with in the last few months; the final aim of this research project will be not only the comparison between 3D models obtained from spherical images and laser scanning survey’s techniques, but also the examination of their reliability and accuracy with respect to the previous methods of generating spherical panoramas. At the end of the research work, we would like to obtain an operational procedure for spherical cameras applied to metric survey and documentation of Cultural Heritage.

scholarly journals After the Fall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
William Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Periods

<p>Since 2011, the Syrian Civil War has been causing devastation to ancient historic sites and forcing Syrians out of their ancestral homes. These people have the ability to flee from their country to temporary safe havens while the war continues - the ancient ruins however do not have the ability to avoid the war. This design-led thesis looks at innovative ways to create a new symbol of hope in the form of a museum acting as a memorial to the horrific disaster. It looks at a how new architecture may preserve fragments from not only the war but all historical periods as an allegorical time line. In doing so, the outcome hopes to allow the returning people to recognise the building as a reminder to the war in a sensitive way which then holds key fragments to a time which is now part of the history of Syria.  The ancient city of Bosra al-Sham is the site for this thesis as it (along with many others) has sustained considerable destruction due to the ongoing war. Bosra has obtained significant loss to not only contemporary homes, but also to its ancient ruins, which represents Bosra’s cultural heritage to Syria. This research project looks at speculative ideas of how to best preserve both contemporary and historic artefacts which have sustained damaged from the war in a museum context - in turn creating a memorial through the experience and journey of each space.</p>

scholarly journals After the Fall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
William Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Periods

<p>Since 2011, the Syrian Civil War has been causing devastation to ancient historic sites and forcing Syrians out of their ancestral homes. These people have the ability to flee from their country to temporary safe havens while the war continues - the ancient ruins however do not have the ability to avoid the war. This design-led thesis looks at innovative ways to create a new symbol of hope in the form of a museum acting as a memorial to the horrific disaster. It looks at a how new architecture may preserve fragments from not only the war but all historical periods as an allegorical time line. In doing so, the outcome hopes to allow the returning people to recognise the building as a reminder to the war in a sensitive way which then holds key fragments to a time which is now part of the history of Syria.  The ancient city of Bosra al-Sham is the site for this thesis as it (along with many others) has sustained considerable destruction due to the ongoing war. Bosra has obtained significant loss to not only contemporary homes, but also to its ancient ruins, which represents Bosra’s cultural heritage to Syria. This research project looks at speculative ideas of how to best preserve both contemporary and historic artefacts which have sustained damaged from the war in a museum context - in turn creating a memorial through the experience and journey of each space.</p>

PROBLEMS OF CLASSIFICATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
SVETLANA IVANOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Cultural Inheritance ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
Cultural Monuments

The purpose of the research work is to analyze the norms of Federal laws, as well as the laws of the Russian Federation's constituent entities, devoted to the definitions and classification of the concepts “cultural heritage”, “historical and cultural monuments”, “cultural values”. Conclusions obtained in the course of the research: based on the study of current legislation, it is concluded that the definitions of “cultural values”, “cultural property”, “objects of cultural inheritance” contained in various normative legal acts differ in content. Based on the research, the author proposes the concept of “cultural values”.

First Nano-Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging Measurements of Single Phospholipid Bilayers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Cernescu ◽  
Michał Szuwarzyński ◽  
Urszula Kwolek ◽  
Karol Wolski ◽  
Paweł Wydro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Absorption Band ◽  
Spectral Region ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayers ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Protein Complement ◽  
20 Nm

<div><div>Scattering-mode Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy (sSNOM) allows one to obtain absorption spectra in the mid-IR region for samples as small as 20 nm in size. This configuration has made it possible to measure FTIR spectra of the protein complement of membranes. (Amenabar 2013) We now show that mid-IR sSNOM has the sensitivity required to measure spectra of phospholipids in individual bilayers in the spectral range 800 cm<sup>-1</sup>–1400 cm<sup>-1</sup>. We have observed the main absorption bands of the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine headgroups in this spectral region above noise level. We have also mapped the phosphate absorption band at 1070 cm<sup>-1</sup> simultaneously with the AFM topography. We have shown that we could achieve sufficient contrast to discriminate between single and multiple phospholipid bilayers and other structures, such as liposomes. This work opens the way to further research that uses nano-IR spectroscopy to describe the biochemistry of cell membranes and model systems.</div></div><div></div>

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