scholarly journals ElasticWISP: Energy-Proportional WISP Backhaul Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Duncan Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Wireless Internet ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Wireless Backhaul ◽  
Backhaul Networks

<p>The provision of rural broadband infrastructure is a challenge for network operators across the globe, irrespective of their size. Wireless Internet Service Providers (WISPs) have shown that the small-scale deployment of wireless broadband infrastructure is a viable alternative to relying on cellular network providers for remote coverage. However, WISPs must often resort to using off-grid renewable energy sources such as solar energy for powering network sites, often resulting in undesirable, low-performance backhaul radios being used between sites out of concern for excessive energy consumption.  The challenges of managing performant wireless backhaul networks in respect to energy constraints at remote, off-grid sites informs the need for energy-proportional design. Backhaul radios typically used by WISPs are not energy-proportional, meaning they use a consistent amount of energy, irrespective of wireless link utilisation. Using data from a real WISP network, diurnal traffic patterns show that WISP networks could benefit from energy-proportional design, without having to sacrifice performance.  To encourage the development of high-performance, energy-proportional WISP backhaul networks, ElasticWISP, an optimisation architecture that reduces network-wide backhaul energy consumption while satisfying the user-demand for traffic, is introduced. ElasticWISP dynamically controls the configuration of backhaul radios based on bandwidth demands and the network-wide energy consumption of these radios. Through simulations driven by real WISP topology and data traffic, results show that ElasticWISP can offer energy savings of approximately 65% when WISP operators follow the proposed backhaul design methodology.  Finally, a lightweight Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)-based traffic engineering scheme, based on Segment Routing, is proposed. The implementation, named Segment Routing over MPLS (SR-MPLS), keeps traffic engineering path-state within each packet, meaning per-flow state is only held at SR-MPLS ingress routers. The lightweight approach of SR-MPLS also eliminates the otherwise necessary network-wide label flooding of traditional Segment Routing, making it ideal for bandwidth-sensitive wireless backhaul networks. Evaluation of SR-MPLS shows that it can perform as well as – and sometimes better than – competitor schemes.</p>

scholarly journals ElasticWISP: Energy-Proportional WISP Backhaul Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Duncan Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Wireless Internet ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Wireless Backhaul ◽  
Backhaul Networks

<p>The provision of rural broadband infrastructure is a challenge for network operators across the globe, irrespective of their size. Wireless Internet Service Providers (WISPs) have shown that the small-scale deployment of wireless broadband infrastructure is a viable alternative to relying on cellular network providers for remote coverage. However, WISPs must often resort to using off-grid renewable energy sources such as solar energy for powering network sites, often resulting in undesirable, low-performance backhaul radios being used between sites out of concern for excessive energy consumption.  The challenges of managing performant wireless backhaul networks in respect to energy constraints at remote, off-grid sites informs the need for energy-proportional design. Backhaul radios typically used by WISPs are not energy-proportional, meaning they use a consistent amount of energy, irrespective of wireless link utilisation. Using data from a real WISP network, diurnal traffic patterns show that WISP networks could benefit from energy-proportional design, without having to sacrifice performance.  To encourage the development of high-performance, energy-proportional WISP backhaul networks, ElasticWISP, an optimisation architecture that reduces network-wide backhaul energy consumption while satisfying the user-demand for traffic, is introduced. ElasticWISP dynamically controls the configuration of backhaul radios based on bandwidth demands and the network-wide energy consumption of these radios. Through simulations driven by real WISP topology and data traffic, results show that ElasticWISP can offer energy savings of approximately 65% when WISP operators follow the proposed backhaul design methodology.  Finally, a lightweight Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)-based traffic engineering scheme, based on Segment Routing, is proposed. The implementation, named Segment Routing over MPLS (SR-MPLS), keeps traffic engineering path-state within each packet, meaning per-flow state is only held at SR-MPLS ingress routers. The lightweight approach of SR-MPLS also eliminates the otherwise necessary network-wide label flooding of traditional Segment Routing, making it ideal for bandwidth-sensitive wireless backhaul networks. Evaluation of SR-MPLS shows that it can perform as well as – and sometimes better than – competitor schemes.</p>

A Novel QoS Aware Shortest Path Algorithm for VSDN

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur Sandhu ◽  
Jyoteesh Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Service Level Agreement ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Software Defined Networks ◽  
Shortest Path Algorithm ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Decrease Energy Consumption

This article describes how a rapid increase in usage of internet has emerged from last few years. This high usage of internet has occurred due to increase in popularity of multimedia applications. However, there is no guarantee of Quality of Service to the users. To fulfill the desired requirements, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) establish a service level agreement (SLA) with clients including specific parameters like bandwidth, reliability, cost, power consumption, etc. ISPs make maximum SLAs and decrease energy consumption to raise their profit. As a result, users do not get the desired services for which they pay. Virtual Software Defined Networks are flexible and manageable networks which can be used to achieve these goals. This article presents shortest path algorithm which improves the matrices like energy consumption, bandwidth usage, successful allocation of nodes in the network using VSDN approach. The results show a 40% increase in the performance of proposed algorithms with a respect to existing algorithms.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Cost of Solar Biomass Hybrid Dryer Systems for Cashew Drying of Nuts in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saravanan Dhanushkodi ◽  
Vincent H. Wilson ◽  
Kumarasamy Sudhakar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Cashew nut farming in India is mostly carried out in small and marginal holdings. Energy consumption in the small scale cashew nut processing industry is very high and is mainly due to the high energy consumption of the drying process. The drying operation provides a lot of scope for energy saving and substitutions of other renewable energy sources. Renewable energy-based drying systems with loading capacity of 40 kg were proposed for application in small scale cashew nut processing industries. The main objective of this work is to perform economic feasibility of substituting solar, biomass and hybrid dryer in place of conventional steam drying for cashew drying. Four economic indicators were used to assess the feasibility of three renewable based drying technologies. The payback time was 1.58 yr. for solar, 1.32 for biomass and 1.99 for the hybrid drying system, whereas as the cost-benefit estimates were 5.23 for solar, 4.15 for biomass and 3.32 for the hybrid system. It was found that it is of paramount importance to develop solar biomass hybrid dryer for small scale processing industries.

scholarly journals Comparison of Evolutionary Algorithm and Heuristics for Flow Optimization in P2P Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kucharzak ◽  
Adam Siwek ◽  
Krzysztof Walkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Algorithm ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Random Search ◽  
File Sharing ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Web Traffic ◽  
Flow Optimization ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
P2p Systems

Comparison of Evolutionary Algorithm and Heuristics for Flow Optimization in P2P SystemsNowadays, many Internet users make use of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems to download electronic content including music, movies, software, etc. Growing popularity in P2P based protocol implementations for file sharing purposes caused that the P2P traffic exceeds Web traffic and in accordance with to many statistics, P2P systems produce a more than 50% of the whole Internet traffic. Therefore, P2P systems provide remarkable income for Internet Service Providers (ISP). However, at the same time P2P systems generates many problems related to traffic engineering, optimization, network congestion. In this paper we focus on the problem of flow optimization in P2P file sharing systems. Corresponding to BitTorrent-based systems behaviour, the optimization of P2P flows is very complex and in this work we consider different heuristic strategies for content distribution and moreover we propose a new evolutionary algorithm (EA) for this problem. We compare results of the algorithms against optimal results yielded by CPLEX solver for networks including 10 peers and relation to random algorithm for 100-node systems. According to numerical experiments, the EA provides solutions close to optimal for small instances and all of the heuristics exhibit a superior performance over random search.

scholarly journals A Study on Comparison of Network Location Efficiency of Web Application Firewall

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.33) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Sung-Ho Cho ◽  
Sung-Uk Choi ◽  
. .
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Web Security ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
The Web ◽  
Line Type

This paper proposes a method to optimize the performance of web application firewalls according to their positions in large scale networks. Since ports for web services are always open and vulnerable in security, the introduction of web application firewalls is essential. Methods to configure web application firewalls in existing networks are largely divided into two types. There is an in-line type where a web application firewall is located between the network and the web server to be protected. This is mostly used in small scale single networks and is vulnerable to the physical obstruction of web application firewalls. The port redirection type configured with the help of peripheral network equipment such as routers or L4 switches can maintain web services even when physical obstruction of the web application firewall occurs and is suitable for large scale networks where several web services are mixed. In this study, port redirection type web application firewalls were configured in large-scale networks and there was a problem in that the performance of routers was degraded due to the IP-based VLAN when a policy was set for the ports on the routers for web security. In order to solve this problem, only those agencies and enterprises that provide web services of networks were separated and in-line type web application firewalls were configured for them. Internet service providers (ISPs) or central line-concentration agencies can apply the foregoing to configure systems for web security for unit small enterprises or small scale agencies at low costs.  

Automation of Network Services for the Future Internet

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-211
Author(s):  
Samier Said Barguil ◽  
Oscar Gonzalez de Dios ◽  
Victor Lopez ◽  
Kellow Pardini ◽  
Ricard Vilalta
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Target Architecture

Internet service providers are shifting to an open, modern, software-based architecture that enables both new operating and business models. The target architecture is loosely coupled, cloud-native, data and artificial intelligence-driven, and relies on traffic engineering-related protocols to get the full potential of the network capabilities. The components need to use standard interfaces to be easily procured and deployed without the need for customization. Achieving these goals will require a significant change in how the network resources are architected, built, procured, licensed, and maintained. Some levers to drive this transformation rely on adopting open protocols such as NETCONF/RESTCONF or gNMI to operate the network and use standard data models to interact with the network more programmatically. This chapter presents such architecture, including service provider experiences.

scholarly journals Broadband for Remote and Rural Communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Wireless Internet ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Internet Connectivity

<p>Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP) networks are an essential part of providing Internet connectivity in remote and rural areas. Typically operating where large commercial Internet service providers deem it financially unviable to do so, WISPs frequently deal with sparse population densities and financial constraints that inhibit reliable network performance. Venture Networks, a research partner, and a WISP that serves the rural Horowhenua Region, has observed that many WISPs fail to become sustainable businesses, and pondered what could be done to improve outcomes for those providing Internet access where limited other options exist. This research proposes to investigate what commercial opportunities may exist for assisting WISP operators to run their networks in an easier, sustainable manner. </p> <p>To encourage the ubiquitous deployment of high-performance WISP networks, it was recognised that first the unique challenges faced by WISP operators on a wide scale must be understood. A Grounded Theory research methodology was adopted, and a study was conducted to develop an objective understanding of issues commonly encountered by WISP network operators. Interviews were conducted with WISP network operators, digital advocacy organisations, and network engineering consultants. Interview participants came primarily from New Zealand and North America. Of the New Zealand participants, nearly every WISP known to operate within the country was interviewed. </p> <p>Results of the Grounded Theory study helped to isolate a potential Minimum Viable Product (MVP) and formed the basis for product development and commercialisation. It was shown that start-up and established WISPs frequently lack the technical knowledge to design and implement high-performance networks. Unsurprisingly, a WISP operator that does not thoroughly understand their network will struggle to operate it without difficulty. Consequently, it was proposed that developing a platform around the shortcomings in the knowledge that WISP operators have would be appropriate. Given the proposed platform would take form as a physical network appliance, it was decided that initially leveraging a disruptive, solution provider business model would be appropriate. The business model chosen enables Venture Networks to work directly with other WISPs, ideally forming long-term relationships through a customer-centric approach. </p> <p>Venture Networks has several engineering resources devoted to continued development of the proposed MVP, and envisions developing an ecosystem of products to assist WISPs in operating higher-performance, higher-reliability networks. Ongoing testing of the platform is being carried out with Venture Networks, and a small number of other WISPs selected during the interview phase of this research. Feedback from the trials is continuously integrated into revised versions on the platform. Development of the platform has been carried out using the Agile product development methodology, which enables feedback-responsive development and quick-to-release iterations of the platform. </p> <p>Upon final release, it is envisioned that the platform designed will not only enable WISPs to design and implement networks in a straightforward manner, but also offer significant cost-savings over alternative solutions available for sale today. For a prospective WISP operator without strong technical competencies, improving Internet connectivity in a remote or rural area would be a daunting challenge. The proposed MVP seeks to make such a task achievable. </p>

Penta-band microstrip patch antenna with small frequency ratios using metamaterial for wireless applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 968-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Chaurasia ◽  
Binod Kumar Kanaujia ◽  
Santanu Dwari ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Khandelwal
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Wireless Internet ◽  
Small Frequency ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Ansoft Hfss ◽  
Frequency Ratios

AbstractA novel shape penta-band microstrip patch antenna is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna shows five operating frequencies and can be used for various wireless applications, i.e. 2.58 GHz for non-direct line of sight, wireless Internet service providers, and compatible with Navini Networks; 3.17 and 3.42 GHz for WiMAX; 4 GHz for C-band application such as weather radar systems; and 5.3 GHz for higher WLAN. Very small frequency ratios of the values 1.2286, 1.078, 1.169, and 1.325 are achieved between two consecutive resonant frequencies. Antenna design techniques for achieving five bands are presented and discussed step by step. The analysis is done by Ansoft HFSS v.15, and results are verified with experimental results of fabricated prototypes.

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