Serotonin-containing Cells of Diffuse Endocrine System of the Uterus Endometrium in Pregnancy and Postnatal Period

Introduction Olfaction is considered to be the ability to: perceive, conduct and recognize scents and odors. With its numerous connections to the limbic system and reticular formation, the olfactory system affects regulation of numerous vegetative functions, visceral functions and sexual behavior. Since estrogen and progesterone protect the olfactory function, changes in their levels in particular physiological states in women (in pregnancy and postmenopause) exert an influence on the ability to feel and recognize smells. It has its role in creating emotions and adjustment of visceral and vegetative response to particular emotional states. Also, it represents the connection between higher cortical functions and the endocrine system. Material and methods Our investigation was performed at the Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic in Novi Sad. The research included 80 healthy women classified into 4 groups; 20 women aged between 20 and 30; 20 women in the first trimester of pregnancy aged between 20 and 30; 20 premenopausal women aged between 41 and 50; and 20 women at least 3 years in postmenopause, aged between 41 and 50. For our research we used an olfactometer and the Fortunato-Niccolini method. Results and discussion In pregnancy the thresholds of perception (TP) and identification (TI) of examined substances were slightly lower in comparison to nonpregnant women of the same ages, but without any statistical significance (p>0.05). In climacteric-postmenopausal women there was a significant decrease of olfactory ability in comparison to nonmenopausal women of the same ages (p<0.01). Conclusion All changes of the olfactory function in pregnancy are explained by mental changes of pregnant women as well as their hormonal status. Significant decrease of olfactory ability in postmenopause is explained by decline in sexual hormone levels.

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Neuroendocrine tumour markers

Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes ◽

10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.0625 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 897-900

Author(s):

R. Ramachandran ◽

W. Dhillo

Keyword(s):

Hormone Receptors ◽

Neuroendocrine Tumour ◽

Parathyroid Tissue ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Prognostic Indicator ◽

Tumour Marker ◽

Tumour Markers ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Neuroendocrine Cells ◽

Diffuse Endocrine System

Neuroendocrine cells occur either singly or in small groups in a variety of tissues and organs. Although morphologically and embryologically diverse, they are characterized by a number of unifying features. They have dense core secretory vesicles in the cytoplasm and hormone receptors on the cell membranes. There is evidence of prohormone activity within the cells and they synthesize, store, and secrete hormones. In addition, neuroendocrine cells possess an ability to take up and decarboxylate amine precursors. Components of this diffuse endocrine system are particularly prominent in the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, C cells of the thyroid, adrenal medulla, parathyroid tissue, respiratory tract, skin, and genitourinary system. Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are known to occur in all these tissues. Historically, the diagnosis of NET was made on the basis of characteristic histological findings. The significantly worse prognosis in advanced disease and the availability of multiple therapeutic options have highlighted the need for robust tumour markers that can be used both for diagnosis and follow-up. Currently, a number of normal and abnormal forms of peptides, biogenic amines, and hormones, secreted by NETs, are routinely measured as markers of disease. An ideal tumour marker would be one that is secreted exclusively by the tumour cells and is useful (1) for screening and differential diagnosis of NETs; (2) as a prognostic indicator; (3) as an estimate of tumour burden; and (4) as a surveillance tool. Although none of the currently available markers completely fits the paradigm for an ideal tumour marker, when measured in conjunction with each other, they are useful not only for making a diagnosis but also for monitoring response to therapy and in surveillance post-remission.

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Conserved genetic pathways controlling the development of the diffuse endocrine system in vertebrates and Drosophila

General and Comparative Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.12.002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 166 (3) ◽

pp. 462-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Volker Hartenstein ◽

Shigeo Takashima ◽

Katrina L. Adams

Keyword(s):

Endocrine System ◽

Genetic Pathways ◽

Diffuse Endocrine System

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A longitudinal study of skin barrier function in pregnancy and the postnatal period

Obstetric Medicine ◽

10.1177/1753495x14547428 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 156-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aine Gallagher ◽

Jonathan O’B Hourihane ◽

Louise C Kenny ◽

Alan D Irvine ◽

Ali S Khashan

Keyword(s):

Water Loss ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Postnatal Period ◽

Skin Barrier Function ◽

Normal Range ◽

Changes In Pregnancy ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

First Time ◽

In Pregnancy

Background It is unknown whether skin’s barrier function changes in pregnancy. Trans Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL) refers to the total amount of water loss through the skin and TEWL can be measured non-invasively as an index of skin barrier function. We measured TEWL during and after pregnancy to evaluate pregnancy-related skin barrier function. Methods This was a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of 52 low-risk, first-time pregnant women nested within the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) Ireland study. TEWL (gwater/m2/h) was measured three times during pregnancy: 19–21 weeks, 27–32 weeks and 36 weeks; and three times postnatally: 2–4 days, 2 months and 6 months post-delivery. Data were analysed using SPSS 18.0 and P > 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A rise in TEWL was seen between each visit with the highest readings, exceeding the normal range of 0–20 gwater/m2/h, recorded at two months post-delivery. Forty women attended at two months post-delivery of whom 22 women had an average reading between 0 and 20 gwater/m2/h; 10 women had an average reading between 21 and 40 gwater/m2/h and 8 women had an average reading between 41 and 75 gwater/m2/h. Readings had returned to an average of 0–20 gwater/m2/h at six months postnatally. Conclusion TEWL increases slightly in pregnancy and the postnatal period. The clinical significance of this is unclear and requires further investigation.

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Structural organization of the ileum of laboratory animals in normal and in a comparative view aspect

Reports of Morphology ◽

10.31393/morphology-journal-2019-25(2)-09 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 72-77

Author(s):

M.I. Sydorenko

Keyword(s):

Mucous Membrane ◽

Structural Organization ◽

Lymphatic Vessels ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽

Morphological Features ◽

Nerve Endings ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Diffuse Endocrine System

In recent decades, diseases of the digestive system that require immediate, both therapeutic and surgical treatment, have become widespread, and it is therefore a natural task to find new and optimize existing technologies and methods for correcting the above-mentioned nosologies. Preclinical studies of such developments are conducted exclusively on laboratory animals and knowledge of the morphological features of their structure for further comparison with the morphology of similar human organs is an urgent task of modern medical and biological science. The purpose of the study was to study the structural organization of the ileum of rabbits in comparative species and to obtain control data on its morphological features. Adequate research methods were used in the work according to the set goal, namely: histological, histochemical, electron microscopic, morphometric and statistical and biopsies of the ileum of 10 rabbits were studied. The correctness of the distribution of traits by each of the variations obtained, the average values for each trait studied, standard errors and standard deviations were evaluated. The significance of the difference of values between independent micrometric values in the normal distribution of features was determined by Student’s criterion. The paper describes the main structural components of the ileum of rabbits and compared with similar structures of the human ileum. The ileum of rabbits, as in humans, has been determined to have four membranes: mucous, submucosal, muscular and serous. The mucous membrane is constructed from the epithelial layer, which is located on the basement membrane and the muscular plate and contains cellular elements (exocrinocytes, enterocytes of various kinds, elements of the diffuse endocrine system associated with the mucous membrane, intraepithelial lymphocytes), blood and lymphatic vessels and nerve endings. The submucosa is composed of loose fibrous connective tissue, which contains collagen and reticular fibers, elements of diffuse lymphoid tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings. The muscular and serous membranes are constructed in the same way as in the human ileum. Thus, after the study, it was determined that the morphological organization of the ileum of rabbits at the optical and electron microscopic levels has general patterns of structure similar to those in the ileum of the person.

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EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN PISANG AMBON DAN VITAMIN B UNTUK MENURUNKAN HIPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM DI BPM ENDAH BEKTI

Media Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.30989/mik.v7i1.259 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 17-21

Author(s):

Elvika Fit Ari Shanti ◽

Liberty Barokah ◽

Budi Rahayu

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽

Post Partum ◽

Endocrine System ◽

First Trimester ◽

The Other ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Difference Test ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Endocrine system changes during pregnancy are important to keep the pregnancy, fetal growth and post partum recovery. Around 50-90% of pregnant women experience vomit and nausea. To solve those problems, ‘pisang ambon’ (Musa paradisiacal) consumption is one of choices because of its flavonoid and vitamin B6 which can overcome vomit and nausea in pregnancy. Objective: The aim of this research was to identify the effectiveness between pisang ambon (Musa paradisiacal) consumption and vitamin B6 to reduce hyperemesis gravidarum in BPM Endah Bekti. Methods: A quasy experimental design with two-group posttest only was assigned to 20 pregnant women on their first trimester. First ten sample was given vitamin B6 and the other ten sample were given vitamin B6 plus pisang ambon. Data were then analyzed using two independent mean difference test. Results: The result shows that in vitamin B6 consumption for hyperemesis gravidarum in 10% pregnant women were in the effective category. While in the pisang ambon consumption shows 100% of pregnant women are in the effective category. Conclusion: There is difference in effectiveness between vitamin B6 and pisang ambon consumption to overcome hyperemesis gravidarum (p=0,003<α). Keywords: Hiperemesis gravidarum, vitamin B6, Pisang ambon

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