scholarly journals Pathogenetic Changes in the Expression of Apoptotic Marker Caspase-3 in Patients with Type IІ Diabetes Mellitus and Excess Body Weight and Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
A. A. Solovyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Apoptosis Marker

The determination of molecular mechanisms, genetic control pathways, and modeling of apoptotic processes are necessary for understanding the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially in combination with obesity and excess body weight, which in the future may create prerequisites for the search for pathogenetic treatment. The purpose of the study was to assess the state of apoptosis processes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with excess body weight and obesity, depending on the clinical characteristics of the disease. Material and methods. 98 people with diabetes mellitus were examined. The first group consisted of 64 people with excess body weight and obesity (body mass index >25). The second group included 34 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal body weight (body mass index ≤25). The control group consisted of 28 practically healthy individuals, who were comparable to the first and second groups by gender and age. Results and discussion. The presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, excess body weight and obesity in patients led to increasing the level of the marker of apoptotic death of body cells – caspase-3 by 16.52%. Patients with glycated hemoglobin HbA1c more than 8% showed an increase in caspase-3 compared with patients with compensated diabetes mellitus; the difference was more pronounced in patients with excess body weight and obesity (19.13%, p <0.05). An increase in the duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus led to the activation of apoptosis processes, which was manifested in the rise of the studied apoptosis marker, caspase-3, both in patients with and without obesity (p <0.05). The development of the complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients increased caspase-3 levels by 29.04% (p <0.05) in the absence of significant changes in this marker in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without obesity. Conclusion. The dynamics of apoptotic processes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with and obesity, depending on the clinical characteristics of patients, is closely related to the level of apoptosis marker – caspase of the cysteine proteinase group – caspase-3

scholarly journals The Role of Diet and Weight Loss in Improving Secondary Hypogonadism in Men with Obesity with or without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Angelo Giagulli ◽  
Marco Castellana ◽  
Isanna Murro ◽  
Carla Pelusi ◽  
Edoardo Guastamacchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Secondary Hypogonadism

Despite growing recognition of the issue, obesity represents one of the most common public health problems, and its rates are still increasing globally. Among the number of comorbidities and complications associated with obesity, hypogonadism is listed, and this disorder, although frequently neglected, is characterized by a relevant impact on both quality of life and life expectancy. It is generally accepted that hypogonadism secondary to obesity is functional since it is reversible following weight loss. This review summarizes all current research examining the bidirectional relationship between excess body weight and low testosterone levels. Specifically, it evaluates the role that diet, with or without physical activity, plays in improving body weight and hypogonadism in adult and elderly men with obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding/managing type 2 diabetes mellitus

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Aschner
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Drug Action ◽  
Diabetes Remission ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Effective Drugs

The treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus has evolved in the present century toward safer and maybe more effective drugs, which in some cases can also reduce the risk of cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Nevertheless, we still need better strategies to reduce excess body weight in order to achieve diabetes remission, which is now a feasible target, as has been demonstrated with bariatric surgery. This review focuses on the significant advances in the management of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus, including the current understanding of the mechanisms of drug action but keeping in mind that the treatment of the disease is multifactorial.

scholarly journals The effects of Metformin Use on Body Mass Index: A Prospective Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Tiwari ◽  
Aseem Bhattarai ◽  
Ramesh Prasad Acharya ◽  
Pratap Narayan Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Metformin Group ◽  
First Choice

BACKGROUND: Limited number of studies has compared metformin with other Oral Hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) for reducing BMI and few of the results are controversial. Perhaps, this is of clinical importance because the Nepalese population presents different dietary habits in comparison with the European population. The objective of this study was to study the comparative evaluation of metformin with other OHAs influence on Body Mass Index (BMI) in Nepalese patients with diagnosed type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)). METHODS: A prospective cross sectional database of patients treated at diabetic clinic, TUTH, was analysed. Patients (N = 115) with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and with complete BMI and HbA1c and treated with metformin and other OHAs, for at least three visits were included. Analysis of BMI and the type of oral agent was performed. Individuals were categorized as ideal weight, overweight, or obese (BMI <25, 25–29.9, and >30 kg/m2, respectively). RESULTS: There were differences between the values of BMI at presentation, the third, the sixth and the ninth months, between the metformin-treated groups compared to other OHAs treated groups. Metformin was given to 48 patients and OHAs to other 57 patients. In the metformin group, mean BMI decreased significantly during the treatment time, from 29.93±5.7 to 28.95±5.2 (<0.001). The obese the patients, the lower their BMI levels at the end of the analysis period. The mean BMI dropped by 0.9±1.18 in metformin group (from 29.93±5.7 to 24.83±3.6kg/m2; p<0.001). It was found that the patients who had BMI higher than 30 kg/m2 were significantly more likely to lose weight during the metformin therapy (p<0.05). However, the baseline change in body weight observed during metformin treatment correlated with the baseline metabolic control or its improvement during the analysis period. CONCLUSION: Metformin use is associated with a significant decrease in body weight and BMI over long periods of time and it should remain a first choice drug for newly diagnosed T2DM patients, even more so for patients that are overweight or obese. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/acclm.v1i1.12309 Ann. Clin. Chem. & Lab. Med. 1(1) 2015: 16-20

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical hit of anti type 2 Diabetes mellitus on the phenolic extract of Malaka (Phyllanthus emblica L.) flesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musri Musman ◽  
Mauli Zakia ◽  
Ratu Fazlia Inda Rahmayani ◽  
Erlidawati Erlidawati ◽  
Safrida Safrida
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Phenolic Extract

Abstract Background Ethnobotany knowledge in a community has shaped local wisdom in utilizing plants to treat diseases, such as the use of Malaka (Phyllanthus emblica) flesh to treat type 2 diabetes. This study presented evidence that the phenolic extract of the Malaka flesh could reduce blood sugar levels in the diabetic induced rats. Methods The phenolic extract of the P. emblica was administrated to the glucose-induced rats of the Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus for 14 days of treatment where the Metformin was used as a positive control. The data generated were analyzed by the two-way ANOVA Software related to the blood glucose level and by SAS Software related to the histopathological studies at a significant 95% confidence. Results The phenolic extract with concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight could reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. The post hoc Dunnet test showed that the administration of the extract to the rats with a concentration of 100 mg/kg body weight demonstrated a very significant decrease in blood glucose levels and repaired damaged cells better than administering the extract at a concentration of 200 mg/kg weight body. Conclusion The evidence indicated that the phenolic extract of the Malaka flesh can be utilized as anti type 2 Diabetes mellitus without damaging other organs.

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