scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Stress Dissorder Of Kelud Mountain’s Survivor Based On Impact Of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R) In Kali Bladak Nglegok District Blitar Regency

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 046-052
Author(s):  
Agus Khoirul Anam ◽  
Wiwin Martiningsih ◽  
Ilus Ilus

Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an individual response to event or a condition thatcan appear many symptom such as, re-experiencing, avoidance, hyperarousal. Survivors pschycologicalyoften suffering PTSD, if this disorders wasn’t detected and ignored without handling by experts, thecasualties were often psychologically stressfull pasca trauma. If this condition was undetected and beignored, it would cause medical and pshycological complication, so that PTSD will disturb socialaspect of the patients. The aim of this study was to describe Post-Ttraumatic Stress Disorder in KeludMountain’s suvivor based on Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R) in Kali Bladak Nglegok districtBlitar regency. This research used descriptive design . The number of samples was 42 people whosuffered Kelud Mountain’s eruption. The result showed that respondents who suffers PTSD was 66,6%which with less until a lot of symptoms and most of the society experienced Kelud’s mountain eruption.The writer suggested that health institutions of Blitar regency could decrease Post Traumatic StressDisorders symptom from a Kelud’s survivor who had many symptoms become no symptoms trough debriefingteraphy in Kali Bladak Village Nglegok District Blitar Regency.

Author(s):  
Synyshyna V.M.

Purpose. Define the influenceof combat experience on occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in servicemen for better understanding factors that cause the possibility of manifestation of stress disorders in servicemen.Methods. To implement the purpose, the theoretical method of analysis of literary sources on that issue has been applied, the empirical method was to conduct research on such diagnostic techniques as: “The Combat Exposure Scale” and “The Impact of Event Scale”. Based on the methods of The Combat Exposure Scale (CES) we have got an opportunity to define the level of intensity of the stressful action of the combat situation on combatants. The Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) is directed to identifying symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and assessment of the level of their severity.Due to Pirson’s correlation criterion the strength of the correlation connection between two indicators measured in quantitative scales was determined. Mathematical data processing was performed using a package of SPSS 17.0 statistical data for Windows. Results. The study found out that the same situation experienced by a person can be traumatic for one person and not for another, what depends on many factors. Scientists are currently investigating a wide range of factors of occurrence of stress disorders, although it is worth noting the approach of those scientists who consider the external factor as prevalent in the appearance of trauma, emphasizing the relationship between the intensity of combat experience and the emergence of psychogenies. It has been found that near 20% of the investigated servicemen have a high probability of development of PTSD. 79% are dominated by low and medium levels of traumatic event influence that indicates the expected, adequate level of adaptability to military events in combatants, there are no signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, they are well adapted to activities in extreme situations during service in the anti-terrorist operation zone. Quantitative and qualitative features of relation between the intensity of combat experience and PTSD manifestations have been revealed. It has been defined that some additional factors must be taken into account for the occurrence of PTSD, which determine PTSD, beside the intensity of combat experience. Conclusions. Based on the research, we can say that the presence of combat experience and stressful situations associated with it is not a major factor in the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder in combatants. That is those combatants, who had got light and medium intensity of combat experience, also showed some symptoms of PTSD. Conversely, those who had a high degree of intensity of combat experience did not always have manifestations of PTSD.Analysis of the research results showed that probably predominant meaning in the formation of PTSD in comparison with situational factors (intensity of combat experience) may have another factors. As theoretical analysis of scientific research confirmed, post-traumatic stress as a mental state is the result of a complex interaction of biological, psychological and social factors. That problem needs studies. Therefore, the prospect of further research may be to study the personal characteristics of combatants (character, temperament, intellect, etc.) and their influence on the development of PTSD.Key words: combatants, combat experience, post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD factors, psychotraumatic situation. Мета – виявити вплив інтенсивності бойового досвіду на виникнення симптомів ПТСР у військо-вослужбовців для кращого розуміння чинників, що спричинюють можливість маніфестації стресових розладів у військовослужбовців. Методи. Для реалізації мети був застосований теоретичний метод аналізу літературних джерел з даної проблематики. Емпіричний метод полягав у проведенні дослідження за такими діагностичними методиками, як: «Шкала оцінки інтенсивності бойового досвіду» та «Шкала оцінки впливу травматичної події». На основі проведеної методики «Шкала оцінки інтенсивності бойо-вого досвіду» (Combat Exposure Scale – CES) ми мали змогу визначити рівень інтенсивності стресової дії бойової обстановки на комбатантів. Шкала оцінки впливу травматичної події (англ. Impact of Event Scale, скор. IES-R) спрямована на виявлення симптомів посттравматичного стресового розладу і оцінку ступеня їх вираженості.За критерієм кореляції Пірсона визначалася сила кореляційного зв’язку між двома показниками, що виміряні у кількісних шкалах. Математична обробка даних проводилася з використанням пакету статистичних даних SPSS 17.0 для Windows. Результати. У результаті дослідження з’ясовано, що одна і та ж пережита людиною ситуація для однієї людини може стати травматичною, а для іншої – ні. Це залежить від багатьох факторів. Наразі науковці досліджують широкий спектр чинників та факторів виникнення стресових розладів, хоча заслуговує на увагу і підхід тих науковців, які розглядають зовнішній чинник як превалюючий у виникненні травми, наголошуючи на взаємозв’язку інтенсивності бойового досвіду та виникнення психогеній. Виявлено, що близько 20% досліджуваних військовослужбовців мають високу вірогідність розвитку ПТСР. У 79%військовослужбовців переважає низький та середній рівень впливу травматичної події, що свідчить про очікуваний, адекватний рівень адаптивності до військових подій у комбатантів, відсутність ознак посттравматичного стресового розладу. Вони добре адаптовані до діяльності в екстремальних ситуаціях під час проходження служби у зоні АТО. Виявлено кількісні та якісні характеристики зв’язку між інтенсивністю бойового досвіду та проявами ПТСР. Ймовірно, бойовий досвід може іноді спровокувати симптоми ПТСР. Визначено, що для виникнення ПТСР повинні враховуватись деякі додаткові фактори, що детермінують ПТСР, окрім інтенсивності бойо-вого досвіду. Висновки. На основі проведеного дослідження ми можемо стверджувати, що наявність бойового досвіду та стресогенних ситуацій, пов’язаних з ним, не є основним фактором виникнення посттравматичного стресового розладу у комбатантів. Тобто ті комбатанти, які мали легкий та середній ступінь інтенсивності бойового досвіду, також проявляли деяку симптоматику ПТСР. І навпаки, ті, які мали високий ступінь інтенсивності бойового досвіду, не завжди мали прояви ПТСР. Аналіз результатів дослідження показав, що, ймовірно, превалююче значення у формуванні ПТСР порівняно з ситуаційними чинниками (інтенсивність бойового досвіду) можуть мати й інші фактори. Як підтвердив теоретичний аналіз наукових досліджень, посттравматичний стрес як психічний стан є результатом складної взаємодії біологічних, психологічних і соціальних факторів. Це питання ще потребує досліджень. Саме тому перспективою подальших досліджень може стати вивчення особистісних особливостей комбатантів (характер, темперамент, інтелект тощо) та їх вплив на розвиток ПТСР. Ключові слова: комбатанти, бойовий досвід, посттравматичний стресовий розлад, чинники ПТСР, психотравмуюча ситуація.


1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. T. DAVIDSON ◽  
S. W. BOOK ◽  
J. T. COLKET ◽  
L. A. TUPLER ◽  
S. ROTH ◽  
...  

Background. In post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) there is a need for self-rating scales that are sensitive to treatment effects and have been tested in a broad range of trauma survivors. Separate measures of frequency and severity may also provide an advantage.Methods. Three hundred and fifty-three men and women completed the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), a 17-item scale measuring each DSM-IV symptom of PTSD on 5-point frequency and severity scales. These subjects comprised war veterans, survivors of rape or hurricane and a mixed trauma group participating in a clinical trial. Other scales were included as validity checks as follows: Global ratings, SCL-90-R, Eysenck Scale, Impact of Event Scale and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R.Results. The scale demonstrated good test–retest reliability (r = 0·86), internal consistency (r = 0·99). One main factor emerged for severity and a smaller one for intrusion. In PTSD diagnosed subjects, and the factor structure more closely resembled the traditional grouping of symptoms. Concurrent validity was obtained against the SCID, with a diagnostic accuracy of 83% at a DTS score of 40. Good convergent and divergent validity was obtained. The DTS showed predictive validity against response to treatment, as well as being sensitive to treatment effects.Conclusions. The DTS showed good reliability and validity, and offers promised as a scale which is particularly suited to assessing symptom severity, treatment outcome and in screening for the likely diagnosis of PTSD.


2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl-3) ◽  
pp. S508-11
Author(s):  
Kausar Mahmood ◽  
Shanila Feroz ◽  
Iqbal Hussain Udaipurwala ◽  
Aaqil Anwar ◽  
Owais Khan Tareen ◽  
...  

Objective: To find out the occurrence and psychosocial risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder in COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive patients presented to ENT and neurology clinics of a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Creek General Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from Sep to Dec 2020. Methodology: Total 60 patients with positive COVID-19 PCR test were included. After taking written and informed consent, they were evaluated using a semi-structured questionnaire. Questionnaire comprises of four main parts; first part includes demographic data, second part includes information about the course of COVID-19 in patient and other members of family, third part comprised of reasons of anxiety during COVID-19 and fourth part consist of Impact of Event Scale-revised (IES-R). Data was entered and analyzed through SPSS-23. Results: Out of total 60 patients, 36 (60%) had post COVID stress disorder. Females were affected more than the males (63% vs. 57%), above 50 years of age were affected more than below 50 years of age (81% vs 52%), singles were affected more than married (72% vs 38%) and lower socio-economic status were affected more than higher (65% vs 50%). Conclusion: PTSD was observed as long-term psychiatric problem leading to significant morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
pp. 2884-2887
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Joopaka ◽  
Molanguri Umashankar ◽  
Pingali Srilakshmi ◽  
Pradeep Sharma Telkapalli ◽  
Chinni Krishna Banoth ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND Corona virus disease or the (COVID 19) has caused mental health problems in the general population, in people infected and hospitalised for the disease and in patients who have recovered from the disease physically but continue to suffer from lingering mental health problems. Studies have shown stress, depression, and anxiety in one third of the survivors. Similarly post-traumatic stress disorder has been reported to be around 13 % in the survivors of COVID 19. In this study, we wanted to assess the psychological symptoms in the survivors of Covid 19 patients, one month post discharge and also assess various factors associated with the same. METHODS A cross sectional telephonic survey of the patients one month following discharge was done to understand the psychological problems. Sociodemographic data was recorded on a semi structured proforma, whereas psychological distress was recorded on patient health questionnaire - 4 (PHQ - 4) and the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was screened for by the impact of event scale revised (IES - R). RESULTS Of the 200 patients evaluated, 46.8 % scored above 20 on the impact of event scale which was considered to be a positive screen for post-traumatic stress disorder. Moderate psychological distress was reported by 10.5 % and severe by 7.5 % as measured by PHQ - 4. Being married, having other family members effected by the infection and deaths in the family were some of the factors that were significantly associated with psychological distress and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. CONCLUSIONS Continued mental health support needs to be extended to members who are considered to have recovered and discharged from the hospital following the COVID 19 infection. KEY WORDS COVID 19, Psychological Symptoms, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder


1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Feinstein ◽  
Ray Dolan

SYNOPSISA prospective study documenting psychopathology was undertaken in 48 subjects exposed to a range of physical trauma, but whose injuries were of similar severity. No support was found for the DSM-III-R view correlating the severity of the stressor with the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Distress post injury (high scores on the impact of event scale), indicative of difficulty with cognitive assimilation of the traumatic event, was found to be highly predictive of psychiatric morbidity and PTSD at 6 months.


Author(s):  

Understanding the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in quarantined/isolated individuals is essential for decreasing morbidity and mortality caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a paucity of evidence quantifying PTSD status globally during confinement in quarantine/isolation facilities during COVID-19. Therefore, we aimed to assess the PTSD status and factors contributing to PTSD development in quarantined/isolated people during pandemic. Using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) scale, our multicentre, multinational, and cross-sectional online survey assessed the psychological impacts on the quarantine/isolation experience of participants suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19, their PTSD status, and various correlates with developing PTSD. We had 944 (35.33%) valid responses (51.1% from females), mostly from Asian countries (635, 71.4%), and 33.9% were healthcare workers. The number of quarantine days in the PTSD symptoms group (using the IES-R cutoff of 24 for symptomatic or full PTSD) was significantly shorter compared to the non-PTSD group (14 (range 14–40) vs. 14 (14–23.75), p = 0.031). Lower rates of PTSD symptoms were observed in participants practicing Buddhist religion than in participants having no religion (OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13–0.68; p = 0.005); individuals with vocational training had a higher risk of developing PTSD symptoms (OR: 2.28 (1.04–5.15); p = 0.043) compared to university graduates. Individuals forced to be quarantined/isolated had higher odds of developing PTSD symptoms than those voluntarily quarantined/isolated (OR: 2.92 (1.84–4.74); p < 0.001). We identified several PTSD correlations among individuals quarantined/isolated during the COVID-19 pandemic, including religious practice, reason for quarantine/isolation, education level, and being a case of the infection. These findings can inform worldwide policies to minimize the adverse effects of such social control measures.


1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina M. Arata ◽  
Benjamin E. Saunders ◽  
Dean G. Kilpatrick

Using a structured interview to obtain a lifetime history of criminal victimization, a community sample of 266 adult women who had experienced at least one incident of victimization was identified. These women were administered the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, the Impact of Event Scale, and a structured clinical interview was used to identify Crime-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CR-PTSD). A recently derived scale based on responses to items on the SCL-90-R was compared to the IES for predicting current diagnosis of Crime-Related Post-Traumatic Disorder. Both the scale and the IES were found to improve prediction of CR-PTSD above base rates and to perform in a similar manner. The utility of each of these scales as a screening measure is discussed.


2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene S. McClatchey ◽  
M. Elizabeth Vonk

Purpose: This study reports on the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among a sample ( n = 46) of bereaved children. PTSD symptoms in children who have experienced loss due to an expected death through illness have not been previously studied. Method: An exploratory cross-sectional design was used to compare Impact of Event Scale (IES) scores between two groups of bereaved children. One group experienced the sudden, unexpected death of a family member; the second group experienced the expected death of a family member following protracted illness. Findings: Overall, almost two-thirds of the children were found to be experiencing moderate to severe levels of PTSD related symptoms of intrusion and avoidance as measured by the IES. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the IES scores of the two groups of children. Implications: Findings are discussed in relation to current practice with and research on bereaved children.


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