scholarly journals The Quality of Machine Translation Assessment On Gender Markers Lingual Units

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Hapni Nurliana H.D Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Mt Evaluation ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Readability Level

Machine Translation (MT) is one of the most advanced and elaborate research fields within Translation Technology, the quality of MT output has always been a great concern, and MT evaluation is a popular research topic. This research aims to assess the quality translation on the gender markers lingual unit of the Arabic short story "عَبْدُ اللهِ وَالْعُصْفُوْرُ" which is translated to English and Indonesian using Machine Translation. The research was qualitatively-based method. The subject is gender markers lingual unit that taken from the Arabic short story "عَبْدُ اللهِ وَالْعُصْفُوْرُ".  The key instrument of this research is human instrument. Additional instruments used to support this research consisted tables of the lingual units of gender markers and table of rating scales based on Nababans' theory (2012). The research findings showed that this analysis has discovered were 72 lingual units of gender markers in the short story.  Further, the dominant type was personal pronoun. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the google translate translation on the gender markers lingual units have the high quality on the accuracy, acceptance, and readability level.

Human vs. AI

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Hanji Li ◽  
Haiqing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Applications Of Ai

As one of the most important applications of AI, machine translation has always been the hot topic among scholars in linguistics, computer science, cognitive science and other areas. This article made an assessment of translations of 4 selected major online machine translation platforms from perspectives of efficiency, operating mode and condition. The outputs of machine and human were compared by employing new “6-4” table and comprehensive error rate. The assessment shows that although the quality of machine translation is improving, the gap still exists between the quality of machine translation and human translation. Based on the research findings, the author predicts that machine translation cannot possibly replace human translation and the two will continue to coexist in the foreseeable future.

How to evaluate machine translation: A review of automated and human metrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-161
Author(s):  
Eirini Chatzikoumi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Quality Estimation ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Mt Evaluation ◽  
Error Classification ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Detailed Presentation

AbstractThis article presents the most up-to-date, influential automated, semiautomated and human metrics used to evaluate the quality of machine translation (MT) output and provides the necessary background for MT evaluation projects. Evaluation is, as repeatedly admitted, highly relevant for the improvement of MT. This article is divided into three parts: the first one is dedicated to automated metrics; the second, to human metrics; and the last, to the challenges posed by neural machine translation (NMT) regarding its evaluation. The first part includes reference translation–based metrics; confidence or quality estimation (QE) metrics, which are used as alternatives for quality assessment; and diagnostic evaluation based on linguistic checkpoints. Human evaluation metrics are classified according to the criterion of whether human judges directly express a so-called subjective evaluation judgment, such as ‘good’ or ‘better than’, or not, as is the case in error classification. The former methods are based on directly expressed judgment (DEJ); therefore, they are called ‘DEJ-based evaluation methods’, while the latter are called ‘non-DEJ-based evaluation methods’. In the DEJ-based evaluation section, tasks such as fluency and adequacy annotation, ranking and direct assessment (DA) are presented, whereas in the non-DEJ-based evaluation section, tasks such as error classification and postediting are detailed, with definitions and guidelines, thus rendering this article a useful guide for evaluation projects. Following the detailed presentation of the previously mentioned metrics, the specificities of NMT are set forth along with suggestions for its evaluation, according to the latest studies. As human translators are the most adequate judges of the quality of a translation, emphasis is placed on the human metrics seen from a translator-judge perspective to provide useful methodology tools for interdisciplinary research groups that evaluate MT systems.

scholarly journals COSTA MT Evaluation Tool: An Open Toolkit for Human Machine Translation Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Chatzitheodorou
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Machine Translation Evaluation ◽  
Translation Error ◽  
Mt Evaluation ◽  
Java Program ◽  
Error Classification ◽  
The One ◽  
Language Pair

Abstract A hotly debated topic in machine translation is human evaluation. On the one hand, it is extremely costly and time consuming; on the other, it is an important and unfortunately inevitable part of any system. This paper describes COSTA MT Evaluation Tool, an open stand-alone tool for human machine translation evaluation. It is a Java program that can be used to manually evaluate the quality of the machine translation output. It is simple in use, designed to allow machine translation potential users and developers to analyze their systems using a friendly environment. It enables the ranking of the quality of machine translation output segment-bysegment for a particular language pair. The benefits of this tool are multiple. Firstly, it is a rich repository of commonly used industry criteria (fluency, adequacy and translation error classification). Secondly, it is freely available to anyone and provides results that can be further analyzed. Thirdly, it estimates the time needed for each evaluated sentence. Finally, it gives suggestions about the fuzzy matching of the candidate translations.

scholarly journals MEDIA GAMBAR YANG DIPROYEKSIKAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS PUISI PADA SISWA KELAS 3 SD BANYURIPAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
NFn Isyani
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
The Third ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Slide Image ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Academic Year

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media gambar yang diproyeksikan untuk meningkatkankualitas pembelajaran dan hasil belajar menulis puisi pada siswa kelas III SD.Penelitian ini menggunakan metodePenelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) model Kemmis and Mc Taggart. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas III SDBanyuripan yang berjumlah 16 siswa pada tahun pelajaran 2015-2016. Terdapat 4 indikator dalam penelitian ini,yaitu: (1) memperhatikan penjelasan guru tentang pembuatan puisi melalui gambar yang diproyeksikan, (2) menuliskanide puisi dengan bantuan gambar yang diproyeksikan, (3) menentukan 4 kata kunci dengan bantuagambar yangdiproyeksikan, dan (4) mengembangkan kata kunci menjadi bait puisi. Ada 4 indikator kompetensi menulis puisi,yaitu: (a) bunyi/rima, (b) diksi/pilihan kata, (c) bentuk visual, dan (d) makna. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkanpembelajaran menggunakan media gambar yang diproyeksikan lebih tinggi daripada metode ceramah. Hal ini bisadilihat pada: (1) prosentase ketuntasan menulis puisi yang lulus KKM mencapai 87,5%, (2) Kualitas proses pembelajarannaik dari 70,83% menjadi 90,62%, (3) Nilai rerata hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari 68,50 (denganmetode ceramah) menjadi 77,69 pada siklus I menjadi 81,06% pada siklus II, (4) Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalahmedia gambar yang diproyeksikan dapat meningkatkan kompetensi menulis puisi siswa, namun diperlukan tambahanaktifitas pembelajaran yang berupa: (a) latihan menebak gambar, (b) menambah daftar kosa kata, dan (c) pemberianpedoman struktur kalimat lengkap dan tak lengkap.Kata Kunci: Media gambar yang diproyeksikan, keterampilan menulis, puisi.Abstract:The purpose of this research is to describe the application of slide image media in improving the skill ofpoem writing on the third grade of Banyuripan Elementary School, Kasihan, Bantul, Jogjakarta Province.This researchwas classroom action research method using Stephen Kemmis and Mc Taggart model. The subject of the researchwere sixteen students in the third grade of SD Banyuripan in the academic year 2015-2016. It was handle with twocycles. There are four indicators of learning process, thatare (1) giving the teacher’s explanation about how to makea poem, (2) writing the idea of poem based on the slide’s images (3) finding the four keywords based on the slide’simages proyected, (4) developing the keywords become the poem. A good poem has four basic characteristics,included: (a) rhyme, (b) diction, (c) visual type, and (d) meaning. The analysis technique was quantitative descriptiveapproach.The concludes is the result of theresearch using slides’ images is higher than ekspository method, they are:(1) the percentage of class competenceon poem writing over KKM (minimum competences) is 87,5%. It is higher thanthe first cycle that was 50%, (2) the quality of learning process increased from 70,83% to 90,62%. (3) the averageclassscore increased from 68,50 (using ekspository method) became 77,69% at first cycle to 81,06% at second cycleusing slide’s images proyected media, (4) the research findings is to increase the students’ capability on writing poemis required three adding activities, those are: (a) excercises for guessing picture’s content, and (b) providing vocabularies,(c) providing grammer guide, complete and uncomplete structure.Keywords: Slide’s images projected media, writing skill, poem.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Mobile Health in Education From 2000 to 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Hakan Altinpulluk
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Citation Analysis ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Subject

This article aims to examine the mobile health (mHealth) in education articles in journals covered by the SSCI and SCI-EXPANDED indices between 2000-2016. Five hundred and ninety-four (594) articles have been analyzed with a systematic review method. The change of the articles by year, the distribution according to the countries, universities, authors, citation analysis, and research fields were examined. As a result of this research, it was determined that the articles and citations have tended to increase rapidly after 2012. The US plays a pioneering role in this field, the universities in the USA publish most of the articles on the subject, and the USA-based authors dominate the field. In addition, it has been determined that mHealth-related articles tend to increase in undeveloped and developing countries, where mHealth projects are concentrated. Finally, based on research findings, some suggestions were made for researchers, developers and practitioners.

scholarly journals The concept of a maturity index for narrative disclosures of risk areas and factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-170
Author(s):  
Anna Karmańska ◽  
Monika Łada
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Research ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Narrative Reporting

Purpose: The subject of the considerations is a proposal for a maturity index for narrative disclosures on risk areas and factors as a tool for diagnosis and analysis, but also for im-proving narrative reporting in the area under study. Methodology/approach: The study is conceptual and was prepared based on a literature review and the results of previous empirical research. Findings: The proposed method of constructing a maturity index enables the measure-ment of the quality of narrative disclosures of risk areas and factors on a universal five-point scale. Research limitations/implications: The proposed index has been designed with entities that operate in non-financial sectors in mind. Originality/value: The index is a universal tool that can be used in narrative research on risk reports and in improving the practices of preparing annual reports of enterprises from non-financial sectors

Cathartic Effect of Suicide Attempts Not Limited to Depression

Crisis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Sarfati ◽  
Blandine Bouchaud ◽  
Marie-Christine Hardy-Baylé
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
World Health ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Short Term

Summary: The cathartic effect of suicide is traditionally defined as the existence of a rapid, significant, and spontaneous decrease in the depressive symptoms of suicide attempters after the act. This study was designed to investigate short-term variations, following a suicide attempt by self-poisoning, of a number of other variables identified as suicidal risk factors: hopelessness, impulsivity, personality traits, and quality of life. Patients hospitalized less than 24 hours after a deliberate (moderate) overdose were presented with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression and Impulsivity Rating Scales, Hopelessness scale, MMPI and World Health Organization's Quality of Life questionnaire (abbreviated versions). They were also asked to complete the same scales and questionnaires 8 days after discharge. The study involved 39 patients, the average interval between initial and follow-up assessment being 13.5 days. All the scores improved significantly, with the exception of quality of life and three out of the eight personality traits. This finding emphasizes the fact that improvement is not limited to depressive symptoms and enables us to identify the relative importance of each studied variable as a risk factor for attempted suicide. The limitations of the study are discussed as well as in particular the nongeneralizability of the sample and setting.

Measuring Service Quality in The Context of Higher Education in Vietnam

2013 ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Yen Nguyen Thi Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Education Service ◽  
The Subject

This paper focuses on the understanding of service quality in the context of Vietnamese universities. It proposes an approach for measuring the quality of the higher education service provided by universities in Vietnam. Firstly, an exploratory study was conducted. Then, the set of items which were generated became the subject of a questionnaire that was then administered to 675 students of a Vietnamese university to determine the dimensions of higher education service quality in this context. The obtained results permit us to appropriate a measurement scale which is slightly different from the SERVQUAL scale widely known as the standard for measuring service quality. The results also show that tangible elements, responsiveness and assurance seem to be three specific dimensions of the higher education service of Vietnamese universities.

‘Do you think you're at the Gresham?’: Accepting Imperfection in ‘The Dead’

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi Saloman
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Secondary Quality ◽  
The Dead

Dublin's Gresham Hotel, where Gabriel and Gretta Conroy end their evening in Joyce's most famous short story, has a fascinating history. It was founded in 1817 by Thomas Gresham, who began life as a foundling rescued from the steps of London's Royal Exchange and was thereby given the name of the Renaissance statesman who built that exchange. This sixteenth-century Thomas Gresham was even better known, however, for his eponymous ‘Gresham's Law’. Both Gresham's Law and the hotel setting and history enter into and help to shape ‘The Dead’. Questions of value and valuing suggested by Gresham's Law are shown to be more complicated than they initially appear, as they intersect with the various forms of hospitality traced in the story. The ‘secondary’ quality of the famous Dublin hotel (built by the second, unknown Thomas Gresham) underscores – and ultimately redeems – the theme of secondariness that runs through ‘The Dead’.

Thomas More’s Correspondence in a Spanish Ambiance

Moreana ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (Number 149) (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio M. Olivares Merino
Keyword(s):  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

The recent reprinting of Álvaro de Silva’s 1998 edition of a selection of More’s letters prompts the author to examine the subject of Spanish translations of More, and of de Silva’s general commentary on More’s correspondence and on his relationship to other humanists. The author reflects on aspects of More’s personality as exposed in his letters and uses what he finds as a corrective to several biographical misconceptions. He points out the strengths and weaknesses of de Silva’s work and compares it with that of other translators, particularly Elizabeth Rogers, and notes the particularly Spanish quality of de Silva’s edition.

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