Assessing Translation Students in a Brazilian University

From a Translation Studies perspective, translation assessment is gradually becoming more popular thanks to increasing academic interest in translator education. In fact, we believe that evaluation should be more deeply explored in order to systematise and consolidate how it is carried out, especially in a particular Brazilian context. As we still witness an unwelcome focus on summative assessment of students with little room for constructive feedback from educators, the purpose of this article is to discuss ways to assess translation students that move beyond traditional approaches. The focus here is on formative assessment, whose emphasis on feedback better suits the dynamic nature we believe translator education should have. Furthermore, we shall review the concepts of translation competence and translation error as important elements within translation evaluation, as well as peer and self-assessment, which promote a more student-centered and participatory environment.

Silencing of the ER and Integrative Stress Responses in the Liver of Mice with Error-Prone Translation

Translational errors frequently arise during protein synthesis, producing misfolded and dysfunctional proteins. Chronic stress resulting from translation errors may be particularly relevant in tissues that must synthesize and secrete large amounts of secretory proteins. Here, we studied the proteostasis networks in the liver of mice that express the Rps2-A226Y ribosomal ambiguity (ram) mutation to increase the translation error rate across all proteins. We found that Rps2-A226Y mice lack activation of the eIF2 kinase/ATF4 pathway, the main component of the integrated stress response (ISR), as well as the IRE1 and ATF6 pathways of the ER unfolded protein response (ER-UPR). Instead, we found downregulation of chronic ER stress responses, as indicated by reduced gene expression for lipogenic pathways and acute phase proteins, possibly via upregulation of Sirtuin-1. In parallel, we observed activation of alternative proteostasis responses, including the proteasome and the formation of stress granules. Together, our results point to a concerted response to error-prone translation to alleviate ER stress in favor of activating alternative proteostasis mechanisms, most likely to avoid cell damage and apoptotic pathways, which would result from persistent activation of the ER and integrated stress responses.

An analysis of syntactic translation error on communication students’ abstract in Universitas Bengkulu

This research was purposed to find out the syntactic translation errors from source language (Bahasa Indonesia) to target language (English) in communication students’ abstract of Universitas Bengkulu. The method that used by the researcher in this research was qualitative method along with content analysis approach. The error sources of translation were classified as morphological, lexical and syntactic error based on Sager’s theory. However, this research focused on the abstracts in thesis which made and translated by the communication students who’s graduated on 2019. The researcher found out that there were 52 syntactic errors occurred in 7 abstracts which became the object of this research

Comparison of an oblique single cut rotation osteotomy with a novel 3D computer-assisted oblique double cut alignment approach

An oblique double-cut rotation osteotomy (ODCRO) enables correcting a complex bone deformation by aligning, in 3D, the distal, middle and proximal bone segments with a target bone, without intersegmental gaps. We propose virtual preoperative planning of an ODCRO. To minimize a residual translation error, we use an optimization algorithm and optimize towards bone length, alignment in the transverse direction, or a balanced reconstruction. We compare the residual alignment error with an oblique single-cut rotation osteotomy using 15 complex bone deformations. The single-cut approach was not feasible in 5 cases, whereas the ODCRO procedure was feasible in all cases. The residual alignment error was smaller for the ODCRO than for the single-cut approach except for one case. In a subset for length reconstruction, the length error of 7.3–21.3 mm was restored to 0.0 mm in 4 of 5 cases, although at the cost of an increased transverse translation. The proposed method renders planning an ODCRO feasible and helps restoring bone alignment and lengthening better than an oblique single-cut rotation osteotomy. Awareness of the challenges and possibilities in preoperative planning of an ODCRO will be of value for future alignment surgery and for patients.

The Social Media Neologisms: A Case Study of Facebook Users in Kenya.

This study sought to investigate the Kenyan generated neologisms as used in social media. This study was informed by the fact that human language is a dynamic and an ever-changing phenomenon only stable in performing its communicative function. The researcher conducted a Facebook survey as a representation of other social networking channels. The researcher purposely sampled 50 neologisms of Kenyan origin on Facebook and thereafter, using a descriptive qualitative data analysis approach, made a description of one of the commonest sites of social networking in Kenya, people from various walks of life engage on a litany of matters concerning their lives, be it political, socio-economic or even personal. Facebook was chosen explicitly for its wider outreach among Kenyans in comparison to other social networking channels. 50 neologisms belonging to Kenyan origin were purposively sampled on Facebook aftermath; a descriptive method of data analysis approach was used, to make a description of the word-formation processes, which are involved in their generation. A vast number of neologisms on Facebook belonging to Kenyan origin could be identified and documented by the study, most of them laced with a local flavour. Furthermore, the study analysed the word-formation processes that were involved in their development. Some of the neologisms with Kenyan origin documented in this study are; uhunye, saitan, isorait amongst others while some of the most common word formation processes employed include; loan translation, error, compounding and others. This study advocates for research on how words and expressions from indigenous Kenyan languages are being adopted in multicultural discourse among the diverse members of the Kenyan speech community through social media and general cross-cultural interactions.

Mapping in unstructured natural environment: a sensor fusion framework for wearable sensor suites

We present a generalized mapping framework that can withstand the challenges incurred by working in unstructured outdoor environments, such as a snowy forest. The proposed method takes advantage of a sensor fusion scheme, where sensors such as cameras and lidars are used in order to reconstruct the surrounding natural environment. Although mapping techniques such as SLAM and ICP cannot themselves properly handle the complexity of natural scenes, they do have the potential to contribute to the global solution in a proposed sensor fusion scheme, based on a factor graph architecture. In this paper, we propose an innovative map registration scheme for visual maps, and show how it can improve the reconstruction quality after data fusion. We also analyze the behavior and sensitivity of factor graphs to uncertainties, by comparing the residual error with different parameter combinations such as variances, using an exhaustive grid search with ground truth comparison. Finally, we suggest an ICP-inferred loop closure, capable of compensating position and attitude drift. The experiments are carried out by recording in a snowy forest using a wearable sensor suite. In the experiments, ground truth was acquired using a millimeter-accurate total station. The proposed framework is shown to be robust and likewise capable of providing estimates that are otherwise unattainable using classic techniques, such as visual SLAM and ICP for lasers. Finally, a visible improvement in the map reconstruction quality is shown, and the proposed framework achieves a translation error of 0.36 m.

Research on Business English Translation Framework Based on Speech Recognition and Wireless Communication

In order to improve the accuracy of English translation, reduce the error rate of translation results, and increase the correction rate of translation, this paper proposes a business English translation architecture design based on speech recognition and wireless communication. The architecture is partitioned according to the functions of the overall system design, and the voice acquisition module, voice processing module, and peripheral circuit module are designed according to functional requirements. Among them, speech recognition helps users to perform language translation to reduce the possibility of errors in the translation process. At the same time, it uses wireless communication technology to construct a business English translation corpus to meet the personal needs of users. The paper also uses an improved translation model for translation error correction and intelligent proofreading, which improves the reliability of translation results. Experimental results show that the system has a high error correction rate and error correction rate, and the translation results have a certain degree of reliability, which fully verifies the effectiveness and application value of the system.

Translation error clusters induced by aminoglycoside antibiotics

Aminoglycoside antibiotics target the ribosome and induce mistranslation, yet which translation errors induce bacterial cell death is unclear. The analysis of cellular proteins by quantitative mass spectrometry shows that bactericidal aminoglycosides induce not only single translation errors, but also clusters of errors in full-length proteins in vivo with as many as four amino acid substitutions in a row. The downstream errors in a cluster are up to 10,000-fold more frequent than the first error and independent of the intracellular aminoglycoside concentration. The prevalence, length, and composition of error clusters depends not only on the misreading propensity of a given aminoglycoside, but also on its ability to inhibit ribosome translocation along the mRNA. Error clusters constitute a distinct class of misreading events in vivo that may provide the predominant source of proteotoxic stress at low aminoglycoside concentration, which is particularly important for the autocatalytic uptake of the drugs.

Application of a Vision-Based Single Target on Robot Positioning System

In this paper, we propose a Circular-ring visual location marker based on a global image-matching model to improve the positioning ability in the fiducial marker system of a single-target mobile robot. The unique coding information is designed according to the cross-ratio invariance of the projective theorem. To verify the accuracy of full 6D pose estimation using the Circular-ring marker, a 6 degree of freedom (DoF) robotic arm platform is used to design a visual location experiment. The experimental result shows in terms of small resolution images, different size markers, and long-distance tests that our proposed robot positioning method significantly outperforms AprilTag, ArUco, and Checkerboard. Furthermore, through a repeatable robot positioning experiment, the results indicated that the proposed Circular-ring marker is twice as accurate as the fiducial marker at 2–4 m. In terms of recognition speed, the Circular-ring marker processes a frame within 0.077 s. When the Circular-ring marker is used for robot positioning at 2–4 m, the maximum average translation error of the Circular-ring marker is 2.19, 3.04, and 9.44 mm. The maximum average rotation error is also 1.703°, 1.468°, and 0.782°.