scholarly journals Estimation of malaria transmission in high-risk provinces of Morocco

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-547
Author(s):  
C. Faraj ◽  
E. Adlaoui ◽  
M. Rhajaoui ◽  
M. Lyagoubi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Mosquito Collection ◽  
Transmission Level

The malaria transmission level of Plasmodium vivax was monitored in four high-risk provinces in Morocco. Intensive mosquito collection by light traps and manual catches resulted in the capture of four species: Anopheles labranchiae, An. sergenti, An. cinereus, and An. claviger. All An. sergenti and An. labranchiae females collected were tested for the presence of two phenotypes of P. vivax [PVK210 and PVK247] antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. No P. vivax antigen was detected in 1347 mosquitoes analysed. A parallel parasitological investigation was conducted. Of 2665 slides examined from a population of 4343 people for detection of P. vivax, no slide was positive. The results confirm the break in malaria transmission in residual foci. The use of ELISA is recommended in future epidemiological studies of human malaria.

Quantitative measurement of anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using purified recombinant human aquaporin-4

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woojun Kim ◽  
Ji-Eun Lee ◽  
Xue Feng Li ◽  
Su-Hyun Kim ◽  
Byeong-Gu Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Longitudinal Measurement ◽  
Longitudinal Measurements ◽  
Baculovirus System

Background: Antibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4-Ab), known as NMO-IgG, are a sensitive and specific marker for neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Methods: To develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for AQP4-Ab, we expressed M23 isoform of human AQP4 in a baculovirus system, and used it as an antigen. We measured AQP4-Ab in the sera of 300 individuals: 64 with definite NMO, 31 with high-risk NMO, 105 with multiple sclerosis (MS), 57 with other neurological diseases (ONDs), and 43 healthy controls. We also performed longitudinal measurements of AQP4–Ab in 787 samples collected from 51 patients with definite or high-risk NMO. Results: AQP4-Abs were positive in 72% with definite NMO, 55% with high-risk NMO, and 4% with MS, but none of the OND patients and the healthy individuals. The longitudinal measurement showed AQP4-Ab levels correlating with disease activity. Out of 38 initially seropositive patients, 21 became seronegative under effective immunosuppressive therapy. During most relapses, the serum AQP4-Ab levels were either high or rising compared with the previous value, although rising AQP4-Ab levels did not always lead to acute exacerbation. Two of the 13 initially seronegative patients converted to seropositive following acute exacerbations. Conclusions: We established an AQP4-Ab ELISA, which could be a potential monitoring tool of disease activity.

scholarly journals An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of IgG antibodies against Babesia equi in horses

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1525-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Divan Baldani ◽  
Rosangela Zacarias Machado ◽  
Paulo de Tarso Landgraf Botteon ◽  
Felipe Santoro Takakura ◽  
Carlos Luiz Massard
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Babesia Equi ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

A crude antigenic preparation of Babesia equi was used to develop and establish the suitability of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of parasite carriers. Optimal dilutions of the antigen, using positive and negative reference sera, were determined by checkboard titrations. The specificity and sensitivity of the ELISA were 100 %. A total of 90 serum samples were taken from horses from the Northeast region of São Paulo State and examined for diagnosis of equine B. equi infection by ELISA. Approximately 75% (n=67) of all the horses tested were found serologically positive for B. equi. These results suggest that the ELISA described may prove to be an appropriate serological test for epidemiological studies on B. equi infections in the field and that equine piroplasmosis is a cause for serious concern in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.

Identification of Plasmodium Vivax Sporozoites in Mosquitoes using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1048-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Wirtz ◽  
T. R. Burkot ◽  
W. E. Collins ◽  
R. G. Andre ◽  
D. R. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF SANDFLIES (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) BLOOD MEALS IN AN ENDEMIC LEISHMANIASIS AREA IN BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline TANURE ◽  
Jennifer Cunha PEIXOTO ◽  
Margarete Martins dos Santos AFONSO ◽  
Rosemere DUARTE ◽  
Aimara da Costa PINHEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Blood Meals ◽  
Chicken Blood

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to identify blood meals of female sandflies captured in the municipality of Governador Valadares, an endemic area of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. From May 2011 to January 2012, captures were performed using HP light traps in four districts. There were 2,614 specimens (2,090 males and 524 females) captured; 97 engorged females were identified belonging to the species Lutzomyia longipalpis (82.1%) and Lutzomyia cortelezzii (17.9%). Considering simple and mixed feeding, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed a predominance of chicken blood (43.6%) in Lutzomyia longipalpis, showing the important role that chickens exert around the residential areas of Governador Valadares. This finding increases the chances of sandflies contact with other vertebrates and consequently the risk of leishmaniasis transmission.

scholarly journals Detection of Cattle Naturally Infected with Anaplasma marginale in a Region of Endemicity by Nested PCR and a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Recombinant Major Surface Protein 5

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Torioni de Echaide ◽  
Donald P. Knowles ◽  
Travis C. McGuire ◽  
Guy H. Palmer ◽  
Carlos E. Suarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Major Surface Protein ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Major Surface

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant major surface protein 5 (rMSP5-cELISA) of Anaplasma marginale was validated in a naturally infected cattle herd in an area of eastern Oregon where A. marginale is endemic. The true positive and negative A. marginale infection status of 235 randomly selected cattle was determined by using a nested PCR (nPCR) coupled with msp5 sequence analysis and hybridization. Judgment of the reliability of the nPCR and hybridization for detection of persistent infections was based on three observations. First, the nPCR was able to detect as few as 30 infected erythrocytes per ml. Second, the nPCR was able to consistently detect low levels of rickettsemia in seven carrier cattle experimentally infected with A. marginale. Third, msp5sequence analysis showed >95% identity among 30 nPCR amplicons from cattle naturally infected with field strains of A. marginale. The nPCR and hybridization identified 151 infected and 84 uninfected cattle among the 235 animals tested. With a cutoff point of 28%, the rMSP5-cELISA showed a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 95%. These results indicate that the rMSP5-cELISA can sensitively and specifically detect cattle with naturally acquired persistent A. marginale infections and suggest that it is an excellent assay for epidemiological studies, eradication programs, and regulation of international cattle movement.

scholarly journals Improved Assessment of Plasmodium vivax Response to Antimalarial Drugs by a Colorimetric Double-Site Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase Antigen Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 2112-2116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Druilhe ◽  
Philippe Brasseur ◽  
Catherine Blanc ◽  
Michael Makler
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Antigen Capture

ABSTRACT The occurrence of Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine has been reported in several countries of Asia and South America. However, the resistance of P. vivax is insufficiently documented for three reasons: it has received far less attention than P. falciparum; in vivo investigations are handicapped by the existence of hypnozoites, which make it difficult to distinguish between recrudescences due to drug failure and relapses due to dormant forms in the liver; and in vitro studies are greatly limited by the poor growth of P. vivax. We report on the adaptation to P. vivax of a colorimetric double-site Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay previously developed for P. falciparum. The assay proved remarkably sensitive, as under optimal conditions it could detect P. vivax parasitemia levels as low as 10−8. The technique, which relies on the detection of protein synthesis by the parasite, yielded steep drug-response curves, leading to the precise determination of the 50% inhibitory concentrations for a high proportion of isolates. Chloroquine-resistant parasites were identified in an area where this phenomenon had been documented by in vivo methods. Thus, the results indicate that the in vitro susceptibility of P. vivax can now be monitored easily and efficiently. The data suggest that the threshold of resistance is similar to that of P. falciparum, i.e., in the range of 100 nM for chloroquine and 15 nM for pyronaridine. However, further studies are required to precisely define the cutoff for resistance and the sensitivity to each drug.

The application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or an immunofluorescent assay test leads to different estimates of seroprevalence ofCoxiella burnetiiin the population

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. BLAAUW ◽  
D. W. NOTERMANS ◽  
B. SCHIMMER ◽  
J. MEEKELENKAMP ◽  
J. H. J. REIMERINK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immunofluorescent Assay

SUMMARYThe diagnosis and epidemiological studies of Q fever depend on serology. Among the main methods employed are the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the immunofluorescent assay test (IFAT). We show that two commercial assays representing the two methods with two different cut-off titres can lead to significant differences in diagnostic and seroprevalence estimates. This in turn emphasizes the need for a standardized gold method to compare the various assays; whether this standard is ‘in-house’ or commercially obtained.

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