scholarly journals ‘Systems of values’, ‘ethical systems’, and sustainability. The economic social ‘entity’ values

Author(s):  
Giuseppe Galassi
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Suwinto Johan
Keyword(s):  

Setiap manusia selalu ingin bertumbuh dan berkembang ke arah yang lebih baik dari waktu ke waktu. Manusia bisa bertumbuh secara pribadi dengan meraih kehidupan yang lebih baik melalui berkarya dan belajar, Sebagai makluk sosial, manusia berkembang biak melalui pertemanan dan interaksi dengan lingkungannya, hingga menghasilkan turunannya. Begitu juga dengan sebuah organisasi yang merupakan kumpulan dari manusia-manusia yang berinteraksi guna mencapai sebuah tujuan. Menurut Stephen P Robbins (1990) organization is a consciously coordinted social entity, with a relatively identifiable boundary, that functions on relatively continous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals. Common goal or set of goals di dunia bisnis atau tujuan sebuah perusahaan adalah memaksimunkan nilai perusahaan dengan salah satunya adalah untuk memperoleh keuntungan yang maksimun dalam menjalankan usahanya. Selain bertumbuh secara organik, perusahaan juga akan bertumbuh secara non-organik atau yang dikenal dengan melalui merger dan akuisisi seperti manusia melalui perkawinan. Akan tetapi, sama seperti manusia, organisasi juga tidak terlepas dari lingkungannya. Selama abad 20, perubahan lingkungan telah menjadi semakin kompleks dan yang belum dikenal sebelumnya baik dari segi jumlah perubahan yang terjadi maupun tingkat kecepatan perubahan itu sendiri (Ansoff, 1990).


Author(s):  
Oryslava Korkuna ◽  
Ivan Korkuna ◽  
Oleh Tsilnyk

Development of a territorial community requires efficient use of its capacity taking into account all possible aspects in the course of elaboration and implementation of the development strategy and other local legal and regulative documents. The approach is directly related to maintaining the living activity of a territorial community and should correspond to the interests of population and European standards of state regional policy. In addition to the definition of a community provided by the Law of Ukraine “On Local Governance in Ukraine”, there are also some other. For example, some authors understand territorial community as a single natural and social entity that operates in spatial boundaries of a state and realizes daily needs and interests of population. The paper aims to analyze legal and regulative foundation of the development of territorial communities in conditions of decentralization. The authors analyze current condition of legal and regulative maintenance of local governance reforming in Ukraine in conditions of decentralization of authorities. The paper argues that the major elements of management strategy in CTCs in Ukraine are independence, efficiency, management innovations, quicker and more substantiated decision-making and everything to meet the needs of community’s residents. Management of this sector is grounded on the principles of the provisions of European Charter of Local Self-Government that provides for decentralization of authorities and transfer of resources and responsibilities to local governments. Liabilities of local governments (of consolidated territorial communities) and the mayors are analyzed. The authors prove that in general legal provision of decentralization of local governance corresponds to European requirements and creates reliable ground for practical stage of the reform. The list of issues that require further legal regulation is outlined.


Author(s):  
Mukul Sharma

Rarely do Indian environmental discourses examine nature through the lens of caste. Whereas nature is considered as universal and inherent, caste is understood as a constructed historical and social entity. Mukul Sharma shows how caste and nature are intimately connected. He compares Dalit meanings of environment to ideas and practices of neo-Brahmanism and certain mainstreams of environmental thought. Showing how Dalit experiences of environment are ridden with metaphors of pollution, impurity, and dirt, the author is able to bring forth new dimensions on both environment and Dalits, without valourizing the latter’s standpoint. Rather than looking for a coherent understanding of their ecology, the book explores the diverse and rich intellectual resources of Dalits, such as movements, songs, myths, memories, and metaphors around nature. These reveal their quest to define themselves in caste-ridden nature and building a form of environmentalism free from the burdens of caste. The Dalits also pose a critical challenge to Indian environmentalism, which has, until now, marginalized such linkages between caste and nature.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Shay Hershkovitz

Marxist criticism is most discernible; despite the oft-repeated claim that it is now irrelevant, belonging to an age now past. This essay assumes that criticism originating in the Marxist school of thought continue to be relevant also in this present time; though it may need to be further developed and improved by integrating newer critical approaches into the classic Marxist discourse. This essay therefore integrates basic Marxist ideas with key concepts from ‘social systems theory’; especially the theory of the German sociologist Niklas Luhmann's. In this light, capitalism is conceptualized here as a ‘super (social) system’: a meaning-creating social entity, in which social actors, behaviors and structures are realized. This theoretical concept and terminology emphasizes the social construction of control and stability, when discussing the operational logic of capitalism.


2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew F. March

This essay discusses an important feature of much modern Islamic writing on law, politics and morality. The feature in question is the claim that Islamic law and human nature (fiṭra) are in perfect harmony, that Islam is the “natural religion” (dīn al-fiṭra), and thus that the demands of Islamic law are easy and painless for ordinary human moral capacities. My discussion proceeds through a close reading of the Moroccan independence leader and religious scholar ʿAllāl al-Fāsī (d. 1974). I discuss the ambiguities within Fāsī’s theory and suggest that the natural religion doctrine might be better understood less as a reduction of Islamic law to “natural law” and more as an apologetic effort to defend the realism and feasibility of Islamic law. In the hands of reformers like Fāsī, this project is beset with unresolved ambiguities around the constraining quality of revealed law in practice and the moral validity of non-Islamic political and ethical systems.



2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Schudt

Abstract:Corporations are often considered as moral agents. Traditional ethical systems are directed toward human beings—how could human rules be expected to apply to corporations? In this paper an alternative system of ethics is proposed, tailored specifically for the corporate entity. I use the method of Aristotle, in which the character traits (virtues) that are conducive to the goal of human activity, happiness, are derived. For corporations, the goal is taken to be the traditional capitalist one of sustainable profit, and corresponding corporate virtues are derived. I argue that corporate virtues such as Efficient Production, Resource Management, Correct Pricing, and Right Relationship will be beneficial to human beings. It is profitable to consider the interests of human beings, because the corporation will avoid a costly war of offense and retaliation. A corporate ethics is developed that protects humans and has motivating force not based on human nature, but rather profit.


Author(s):  
Steven Torrente ◽  
Harry D. Gould

After a long dormancy in the modern era, virtue-based ethical thought has once again become a subject of serious consideration and debate in the field of philosophy. The normative orientation of most International Political Theory, however, still comes primarily from principles-based (deontological) or outcome-based (consequentialist) ethical systems. Virtue ethics differs from focus deontological and consequentialist ethics by emphasizing character, context, and way of life, rather than rule-governed action. This chapter reviews the emergence of contemporary virtue ethics as a challenge to overly abstract, language-based analysis of moral concepts, and its development into a broad and nuanced ethical theory. It then connects virtue ethics to the capabilities approach to human development, which is similarly focused.


2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyanna Slobe

AbstractMock white girl(MWG) performances parody a linguistic and embodied style associated with contemporary middle class white girls in the United States. The article identifies bundles of semiotic resources in the stylization of the white girl persona—for example, creaky voice, uptalk, blondeness, and Starbucks—in three genres of MWG:Savior,Shit white girls say, andTeenage girl problems. While semiotic variables used to index the white girl persona are consistent across performances, there is significant variation in performers’ ideological stances relative to the mocked figure of personhood: white girls in the US are not ‘heard’ in any one way by all social actors. Contextualizing MWG performances through analysis of stance reveals critical variation in how the white girl is interpreted, evaluated, and produced as a meaningful social entity by diverse segments of the population. (Gender, mock, race, parody, persona, stance, style)*


Open Theology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Soboslai

AbstractThe paper investigates the conceptual dichotomy of violence and nonviolence in reference to the self-immolations that have been taking place in Tibet for the last several years. First using the insights of Hannah Arendt to distinguish between the categories of violent, nonviolent and peaceful, I approach the question of violence as the problem of acts that transgress prohibitions against causing harm. Using that heuristic, I examine the ways multiple ethical systems are vying for recognition regarding the selfimmolations, and how a certain Buddhist ambivalence around extreme acts of devotion complicate any easy designations of the act as ‘violent’ or ‘nonviolent’. I conclude by suggesting how any such classification inculcates us into questions of power and assertions of appropriate authority.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document