The Eschatological Key

In the first volume of his systemic series, German theologian Jürgen Moltmann begins his systematics with a musical metaphor; “The eschatological is not one element of Christianity, but it is the medium of Christian faith as such, the key in which everything is set …” Moltmann then goes on to propose that the eschaton is a temporal event, which breaks the logic of his initial metaphor of the key signature. This essay will explore the differences between understanding the eschaton explicated as the key that Christian hope is set as opposed to a temporal alternative, such as the time signature. Jeremy Begbie is brought into the conversation to explicate how “harmony” can guide our conversation of music theory, and Miguel De La Torre illuminates how Moltmann’s claim, which while revolutionary in many aspects, continues to rely on Eurocentric understanding of salvation history, just as music theory tends towards Eurocentrism. We also examine what we lose out on when we leave this uninterrogated. To conclude, we explore how Moltmann’s proposal about Christian hope becomes more coherent within the metaphor of key signature and right relationship instead of time signature and temporality.

Study of Obtaining Informed Consent in Pediatric Wards from the Viewpoint of Physicians and Children’s Parents

Background: Obtaining informed consent for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is of great moral and legal importance, which is more important in the field of pediatrics due to its specific issues. Objectives: Obtaining informed consent in the pediatric field is specific because of many factors, including the age of the patients and the necessity of obtaining consent from parents or legal guardians. This study aimed to evaluate the process of obtaining informed consent from the viewpoint of substitute decision-makers (parents or guardians) and physicians. Attention to the differences between the views of these two groups by establishing appropriate and correct communication skills between them can lead to greater satisfaction and increased effectiveness of treatments. Methods: In this descriptive study, the data were collected through questionnaires completed by 188 parents and 23 physicians. Finally, the statistical analysis was conducted using the one-sample t test method in SPSS 16. Results: In 96.3% of the cases, parents believed that where the patient, their relatives, and the medical team disagreed about the kind of treatment, the final decision was made by the medical team. One-third of them did not receive enough information or received no information at all. Informing parents about other possible treatments, complications of the procedures, considering the patients and their relatives’ opinions for the final decision, informing the child about his/her disease and treatment plans, and informing the parents about the possible outcomes were not in the favorable range. Physicians believed that decision about the treatment was made based on the opinion of the parents and the clinical committee, and only in 3.4% of the cases, their opinion was the basis for decision-making. Conclusions: The results showed that there was a gap between the parents and physicians’ opinions about informed consent, as the physicians believed that they act as the patients’ parents wish and the parents believed that their opinion played no important role in the final decision regarding the health of their children. Thus, it seems necessary to institutionalize the culture of participatory decision-making by physicians and parents in decisions related to the diagnosis and treatment of children, and more emphasis should be placed on establishing the right relationship between treatment staff and patients and their relatives.

Healing and Rebalancing in the Aftermath of Colonial Violence: An Indigenous-Informed, Response-Based Approach

What is understood as “healing” is often culturally and socially embedded. One’s culture helps to define what it means to be well or unwell, and what it means to heal or recover. Sometimes, one’s culture sits in contrast to the mainstream, western scientific approach to health, often seen as the freedom from illness. A Métis worldview is holistic in itself, and it incorporates notions and practices of well-being that go beyond just being “illness or problem free”. Wellbeing is often directly linked to our relationship with the food that sustains us, to the various animal and plant worlds, to the elements, and to being in “right relationship” to the world and others. Dr. Catherine Richardson Kinewesquao presents an approach to healing which she refers to as transformative, energetic and spiritual. She draws from Cree teachings related to “mamatowisowin”, the life force inherent in all beings and the act of calling forth this energy into the healing process. This life force is connected to dignity, justice and care. Metaphorically, it can be talked about as being released or made available when an individual opens to discussing/facing fears and sorrows, distressing events and losses, and to finding a way to integrate them into their whole being. It is a form of energy transmutation, of becoming more emotionally fluid and liberated from the negativity of what is “acting upon them”. When energy is unblocked or released, particularly in the presence of a compassionate listener, the person may then have more energy for their chosen life projects. By using a response-based approach in the aftermath of violence and degradation, and by contextualizing events through exploratory conversations, one may transform stress into productive energy to fuel life, growth and action. Kinewesquao articulates the use of cultural processes for stress management and working with the natural world to enhance well-being. Ultimately, she makes a case that “positive social responses” (e.g., love, care, compassionate listening, support and cultural rituals) to one’s suffering can be some of the best healing medicines.

PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMASARAN DAN MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP PERILAKU KONSUMEN CAFE MALAM

A good and right relationship marketing strategy and social media will lead to good consumer behavior as well. This study aims to examine the effect of marketing strategy (X1) and social media (Instagram) (X2) on consumer behavior (Y) café Malam Banjarmasin. This research is a descriptive study, with a sample of 100 at café Malam Banjarmasin consumers. The data collection used a questionnaire, while the data analysis used multiple linear regression. The variables studied were Likert scale. The questionnaire was tested by validity and reliability tests. Data processing using SPSS version 25.0.The t test results on consumer behavior are valid because r > 0.3 and the reliability test shows reliable because alpha cronbach > 0.6. The normality test is obtained 0.05 and it is said that the data is normally distributed and on the normal line of the plot, you can see that the points from the graph spread around the diagonal line and follow the diagonal line. The more the marketing strategy variable (X1) increases, the consumer behavior (Y) increases, while the marketing strategy variable (X1) decreases, the consumer behavior decreases(Y). The conclusion of this study is that there is a marketing strategy and social media that affect consumer behavior by 57%.Keywords: Marketing strategy, social media, consumer behavior.

“Doing Hope”: Ecofeminist Spirituality Provides Emotional Sustenance to Confront the Climate Crisis

Environmental crises caused by our changing global environment evoke intense and difficult emotions, particularly the paralysis that often results from despair. Understanding how people who are deeply engaged in environmental activism deal with their emotions can help in emotionally equipping people to address the climate crisis. Ecofeminist spirituality directly addresses these issues through an environmental stewardship that offers hope and healing for the world. This study includes 14 interviews with workers at an ecojustice center founded by an order of Catholic sisters in the United States. We used thematic analysis to identify three main themes that collectively describe the participants’ perspectives on (a) experiences of difficult feelings, (b) strategies for coping with those feelings, and (c) perspectives on cultivating hope. Participants shared how they were able to cope with difficult emotions and cultivate hope that the work they are doing matters, which was essential to sustaining their ecojustice work. As social workers respond to the changing environment, understanding how to sustain environmental work at the macro-level is essential to addressing largescale problems while also attending to difficult emotions at the microlevel. Further implications for social work practice include the importance of intergenerational organizing, living in “right relationship,” incorporating spirituality, and reinhabiting the profession.

Konsep Uchi-Soto Dalam Penerjemahan Yari-Morai

This study aims to describe the understanding of Japanese language students about the ‘uchi-soto’ concept which is the standard for Japanese people when using the ‘yari-morai’ expression. This also relates to the process of translating speeches containing the verb ‘yari-morai’. Data sources are Japanese manga (Japanese) and a questionnaire that lists structured questions. The method used in data collection is the listening method with tapping technique as the basic technique and the listening-free-engaged-conversation technique as an advanced technique. Whereas in the analysis using contextual and descriptive methods, the sentence is analyzed by explaining the context, the concept of ‘uchi-soto’ in relation to the use of ‘yari-morai’ auxiliary verbs, assessing the results of the translation and relating it to the concept of ‘uchi-soto’ in the linguistic realm. The results of this study indicate 1) in the yaru and ageru verbs, it was found that the respondents' understanding of the uchi-soto concept was the same lack. 2) on the morau verb, the authors found that respondents were able to determine the uchi-soto relationship and 3) in the kureru verb, some respondents can distinguish and determine the uchi-soto relationship well, however, when the kureru verb becomes kudasaru, even though the respondent can still recognize the uchi-soto relationship, some 100% of the translating results of the respondent are incorrect. So, from the students' understanding of the concept of uchi-soto which is associated with the results of translation it is known that it does not significantly correlate with student competence in translating utterances that contain yari-morai verbs and vice versa. Although some respondents answered correctly the uchi-soto relationship of the speakers involved in a conversation, it was not in accordance with the translation that resulted from both accuracy and acceptance. On the other hand, although the respondent is able to translate the fragments from the utterances, it is not able to determine the right relationship between speakers with other parties in the given conversation situation. Keywords: expressions; uchi-soto; yari-morai; translation

Temporal and Spiritual, Pope and Prince, the Right Way Up

These identifications of the community of interest between the ill-intentioned (that is to say, Jesuits and puritans) in turn provided a platform for cases to be made about the right relationship between political and spiritual authority and, in particular, for an interrogation of what was the proper place in western Christendom of the pope and whatever authority it was that he possessed. The appellants’ claims on this score provoked, not unpredictably, Robert Parsons into an equal-and-opposite defence of papal authority. Here, however, appellant writers were also trying to distance themselves from the more strident analyses of this topic which had been associated, for example, with William Allen and which, with the collapse of the French Holy League and the approach, as seemed likely, of some sort of peace in northern Europe, and the very likely accession of James VI in England, were arguably inappropriate. This also raised the issue of how Catholicism might eventually be restored in England again.

Kajian terhadap Fenomena Dipenuhi Roh Kudus Berdasarkan Efesus 5:18-21

This study aims to present biblical facts about the consequences when believers are filled with the Holy Spirit based on Ephesians 5: 18-21. Some people are taught that people who are filled with the Holy Spirit must be able to speak in tongues or what is called tongues. This research is qualitative research using the method of exegesis and inductive exposition approach to Ephesians 5: 18-21, so that its contents are expected to provide input in the form of the correct understanding of the consequences of being filled with the Holy Spirit in the lives of believers. As a result, being filled with the Holy Spirit results in believers having a right relationship with God, and having a relationship and communication spiritually and effectively with others, both in words and in attitudes of life, so that they are not limited to understanding that, filled with the Holy Spirit can result in someone having to be able to speak in tongues or in tongues. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan fakta alkitabiah tentang akibat apabila orang percaya dipenuhi dengan Roh Kudus berdasarkan Efesus 5:18-21. Sebagian umat diajarkan bahwa, orang-orang yang dipenuhi dengan Roh Kudus itu harus dapat berkata-kata dalam bahasa roh atau yang disebut sebagai bahasa lidah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan eksegesis dan eksposisi secara induktif terhadap Efesus 5:18-21, sehingga hasinya diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan berupa pemahaman yang benar tentang akibat dipenuhi dengan Roh Kudus dalam kehidupan orang percaya. Hasilnya, dipenuhi dengan Roh Kudus mengakibatkan orang percaya memiliki hubungan secara benar dengan Tuhan, dan memiliki hubungan dan komunikasi secara rohani dan efektif dengan yang sesamanya, baik dalam perkataan maupun dalam hal sikap hidup, sehingga tidak hanya dibatasi pada pemahaman bahwa, dipenuhi dengan Roh Kudus dapat mengakibatkan seseorang harus bisa berbahasa roh atau bahasa lidah.