scholarly journals Zofia Dwornik: Becoming a Female Film Editor

Panoptikum ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Paulina Kwiatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Professional Life ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
First Choice ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S

In this article the author intends to recall the figure of Zofia Dwornik, one of the most appreciated and nowadays rather forgotten female film editors of post-war communist Poland. For the twenty-five years of her creative activity, Dwornik cooperated in the production of more than thirty films with the most important directors of the Polish cinema in the 1950s, 60s and 70s. In the Polish post-war cinema, the profession of film editor was strongly feminised. In the case of Dwornik, her decision to choose this particular profession was, however, based on additional objective considerations, closely related to the context of the Stalinist period in Poland, and was not her first choice of career – she had wanted to become a film director. In this article the author takes a closer look not so much at the achievements of Dwornik in the 1960s and 70s, but at the complex circumstances that influenced her later career. Therefore, the author tries to reconstruct the most important moments in Dwornik’s student and professional life in the first years after WWII and analyse one of the film études she made at the Film School in Łódź, in order to examine the reasons for her decision to become a film editor. This allows also to formulate some hypotheses how her career might have developed, had she been given the chance to graduate and try her hand at directing.

Irish Girls in Liverpool (2)

2018 ◽  
pp. 162-182
Author(s):  
Samantha Caslin
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Irish Immigration ◽  
Irish Women ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World

This chapter focuses on the LVA’s efforts to engage with Irish women in Liverpool during the Second World War and post-war years. Despite a reduction in Irish immigration during the war, which saw the LVA’s staff reduced, the organisation was quick to raise concerns about the moral wellbeing of Irish young women once peace was resumed. As such, the LVA continued, throughout the 1950s and into the 1960s, to provoke concerns about the supposed moral vulnerability of Irish young women in Liverpool in a bid to generate support for their patrols.

Art and Pluralism

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Whiteley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Clement Greenberg ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
Art And Society ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Right ◽  
World Centre

Lawrence Alloway (1926–1990) was one of the most influential and widely respected (as well as prolific) art writers of the post-war years. His many books, catalogue essays, and reviews manifest the changing paradigms of art away from the formal values of modernism towards the inclusiveness of the visual culture model in the 1950s, through the diversity and excesses of the 1960s, to the politicisation in the wake of 1968 and the Vietnam War, on to postmodern concerns in the 1970s. Alloway was in the right places at the right times. From his central involvement with the Independent Group and the Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA) in London in the 1950s, he moved to New York, the new world centre of art, at the beginning of the 1960s. In the early 1970s Alloway became deeply involved with the realist revival and the early feminist movement in art — Sylvia Sleigh, the painter, was his wife — and went on to write extensively about the gallery and art market as a system, examining the critic's role within this system. Positioning himself against the formalism and exclusivism associated with Clement Greenberg, Alloway was wholeheartedly committed to pluralism and diversity in both art and society. For him, art and criticism were always to be understood within a wider set of cultural, social and political concerns, with the emphasis on democracy, social inclusiveness and freedom of expression. This book provides a close critical reading of Alloway's writings.

scholarly journals What's in a Name?: Alcohol and Drug Treatment and the Politics of Confusion

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Edman
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Compulsory Treatment ◽  
Alcohol Abusers ◽  
First Case ◽  
Compulsory Care ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S

Aims The aim of this article is to investigate the use of a rather vague medical conceptual framework within the compulsory treatment of alcohol and drug users in Sweden during the 20th century. The focus lies on exploring how a phenomenon came to be described as pathological, what the causes are for certain actions being suddenly interpreted in medical terms, and what consequences that might lead to. Design Supported by theoretical speculations on medicalization processes and conceptual history, two empirical cases (the compulsory care of alcohol abusers in the 1950s and the legislative process leading to psychiatric compulsory care of drug users in the late 1960s) are investigated. The first case draws mainly upon official reports and archive material from alcohol treatment institutions, whilst the second case is built from reading official reports and parliamentary material. The research task for the two empirical cases has not quite been the same: whereas the first case is illustrated by the discrepancies between the labelling of treatment activities and the treatment actually carried out, the second case rather draws upon the enlargement of the field of signification of the disease concept to cover most aspects of drug use. Results A medicalization process on different levels is traced both in the post-war compulsory treatment of alcohol abusers as well as the compulsory psychiatric care for drug abusers that was introduced from the late 1960s onwards. Conclusion The investigated cases show how the medicalization processes benefited from conceptual vagueness, leading to a widening of the conceptual dimensions of both the treatment and disease concepts. In this, the medicalization of alcohol abuse in the 1950s and drug abuse in the 1960s made way for a paternalistic justification of compulsory care measures that might otherwise have become politically troublesome.

scholarly journals The Unknown Titmuss

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN WELSHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Social Pathology ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Richard Titmuss ◽  
Causes Of Poverty

Recent writing in social policy on the role of agency has made important assumptions about social administration in the post-war period. In particular it is suggested that interpretations of the causes of poverty, and the thinking of Richard Titmuss, were characterised by a ‘denial’ of agency and almost total emphasis on structural factors. The implications were that this left the Titmuss paradigm vulnerable to more individualistic interpretations in the 1980s. In this article we look more closely at Titmuss's work and thought in the three decades of the 1940s, the 1950s, and the 1960s, aiming to produce a fuller and more nuanced analysis. We argue that the distinctive position adopted by Titmuss was in large part his response to earlier and on-going debates about social pathology. What he was trying to do was to make others aware of the broader context in which behaviour had to be analysed. But Titmuss himself became constrained by the paradigm that he did more than anyone else to create. Thus debates about behaviour, structure, and poverty have been marked as much by continuity as by change.

Introduction

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pop Art ◽  
Independent Group ◽  
Women's Art ◽  
Cultural Ideals ◽  
Art Scene ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
Art And Society ◽  
The 1960S

Lawrence Alloway (1926–1990) can be considered one of the founders of contemporary cultural ideals. One of the most esteemed art critics of the post-war years, Alloway was significantly involved with both the Independent Group and the Place and Situation painters in London during the 1950s. At the beginning of the 1960s, he moved to New York, where he became a leading interpreter of Pop art, ‘systemic’ abstraction, and the realist revival as well as women's art. He wrote more than 800 texts ranging from books to reviews and catalogues essays and displayed wholehearted commitment to pluralism and diversity in both art and society. In post-war London, Alloway witnessed an art scene that was impoverished but received a boost from the newly elected Socialist government's emphasis on culture. Art News and Review, a magazine launched by Richard Gainsborough in 1949, proved invaluable to Alloway as an aspiring art critic in the post-war years in London.

Drawing Together? 1945–1979

2020 ◽  
pp. 172-209
Author(s):  
Tobias Harper
Keyword(s):  
State Service ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter explores how the honours system in Britain adjusted to post-war challenges to the legitimacy of established institutions in British social and cultural life in a slow and difficult process that was in certain ways made possible by the divorce of the imperial and domestic honours systems discussed in Chapter 4. It charts attempts at reform and reorientation of the honours system in the 1960s and 1970s that were only partly successful in moving it away from its focus on direct state service as the most worthy service. Harold Wilson, in particular, sought to modify honours to be more populist and socially broad but was hindered at every turn by civil and royal servants. At the same time, the honours system continued to broaden in that it recognized state service—especially in medicine and education—beyond Whitehall to a much greater extent in the 1950s through to the 1970s. A wider range of professions became accustomed to and invested in being included in honours lists and, therefore, in the hierarchies that honours lists enacted.

scholarly journals Unpublished Post-War Writing and Emergent Gay Cultures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Brickell
Keyword(s):  
Same Sex ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Opportunities ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Short Essays

The 1950s and ’60s were pivotal decades in the emergence of modern gay life. New Zealand’s cities expanded rapidly after the end of the war, and the size of homosexual networks grew quickly. There were profound contradictions too. While many men partied, others were imprisoned for same-sex activity. A homemade queer literature accompanied these changes, and four examples illustrate the tensions of the time. The first, an essay called “De Profundis for Today,” was the work of Dunedin businessman Ernie Webber, who wrote it in Mt Eden Prison in 1957. The second piece, an early 1960s novel titled “The Rock Orchid,” is by Bert Pimley, a fellow inmate of Webber at Mt Eden. The third and fourth pieces, short essays by Auckland man Don Goodsell, are very different in their context and tone. The evocatively titled “Did You Ever See a Dream Limping?” and “The Night is Young and We’re So Beautiful” tell not of imprisonment but of the social opportunities of New Zealand’s cities during the 1960s

Non-Marital Pregnancies and ex-nuptial births in New Zealand

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Trlin ◽  
L. T. Ruzicka
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S

SummaryAn investigation of the incidence and pattern of non-marital pregnancies in New Zealand, and their outcome as nuptial or ex-nuptial births, has revealed four major features. The post-war period has been marked by a steady increase in the incidence of non-marital pregnancies, especially since the early 1960s (following the inclusion of Maori vital events). Pre-marital or bridal pregnancies increased during the 1950s, but have steadily declined at all ages between 16 and 23 years during the 1960s and early 1970s. Nuptial fertility rates for women aged 35 years and over have declined continuously since 1945, and since the early 1960s the decline has commenced for women at younger ages as well. Ex-nuptial fertility rates have been increasing throughout the post-war period and particularly since the early 1960s.

Ambivalent Relationships: London's Youth Culture and the Making of the Multi-Racial Society in the 1960s

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Fuhg
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Youth Culture ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
White Working Class ◽  
Ambivalent Relationship ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Class Youth

The emergence and formation of British working-class youth cultures in the 1960s were characterized by an ambivalent relationship between British identity, global culture and the formation of a multicultural society in the post-war decades. While national and local newspapers mostly reported on racial tensions and racially-motivated violence, culminating in the Notting Hill riots of 1958, the relationship between London's white working-class youth and teenagers with migration backgrounds was also shaped by a reciprocal, direct and indirect, personal and cultural exchange based on social interaction and local conditions. Starting from the Notting Hill Riots 1958, the article reconstructs places and cultural spheres of interaction between white working-class youth and teenagers from Caribbean communities in London in the 1960s. Following debates and discussions on race relations and the participation of black youth in the social life of London in the 1960s, the article shows that British working-class youth culture was affected in various ways by the processes of migration. By dealing with the multicultural dimension of the post-war metropolis, white working-class teenagers negotiated socio-economic as well as political changes, contributing in the process to an emergent, new image of post-imperial Britain.

Short Films from a Small Nation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Public Information ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Documentary Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Art And Architecture

The first book-length study in English of a national corpus of state-sponsored informational film, this book traces how Danish shorts on topics including social welfare, industry, art and architecture were commissioned, funded, produced and reviewed from the inter-war period to the 1960s. For three decades, state-sponsored short filmmaking educated Danish citizens, promoted Denmark to the world, and shaped the careers of renowned directors like Carl Th. Dreyer. Examining the life cycle of a representative selection of films, and discussing their preservation and mediation in the digital age, this book presents a detailed case study of how informational cinema is shaped by, and indeed shapes, its cultural, political and technological contexts.The book combines close textual analysis of a broad range of films with detailed accounts of their commissioning, production, distribution and reception in Denmark and abroad, drawing on Actor-Network Theory to emphasise the role of a wide range of entities in these processes. It considers a broad range of genres and sub-genres, including industrial process films, public information films, art films, the city symphony, the essay film, and many more. It also maps international networks of informational and documentary films in the post-war period, and explores the role of informational film in Danish cultural and political history.

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