Influence of heterosis value in spring wheat hybrids on the efficiency of valuable selection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Abramov ◽  
◽  
I.N. Abramova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Wheat Hybrids

The article presents the results of the influence of the magnitude of heterosis on the main elements of the formation of yield (grain size and productivity of the main spike) of spring wheat in the Irkutsk region. The following were used as maternal varieties: Irgina, Krasnoyarskaya 83, Tulun 15, Tselinnaya 60, Altayskaya 92, Niva 2 and a variety from Mongolia Orkhon 85, as testers - Skala, Angara 86, Tulunskaya 12 The best indicators of hypothetical heterosis were manifested by the number of grains in ear in combinations Krasnoyarskaya 83 × Angara 86, Krasnoyarskaya 83 × Skala, Altai 92 × Skala (81.6 ... 85.7%). In terms of grain weight from the main spike, the best results of hypothetical heterosis were noted in hybrid combinations Krasnoyarskaya 83 × Angara 86, Orkhon 85 × Angara 86, Ni-va × Angara 86, Altai 92 × Angara 86 (100.0 ... 130.7%) ... Krasnoyarskaya 83 × Angara 86, Altai 92 × Angara 86, Or-khon × Angara 86 are recognized as the best hybrid combinations that can give the greatest yield of transgressive forms of elite plants.

scholarly journals Trait inheritance in bread spring wheat hybrids with synthetics with ABD genomic structure

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
K.I. Dokukina ◽  
R.L. Bohuslavskyi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

There are prezented results of a study of early hybrid generations of bread spring wheat with synthetics (ABD genomic structure) combining the genomes of Triticum durum Desf. and Aegilops tauschii Coss. for inheritance of plants height, ear productivity elements: length, spikelet and grain number, grain weight; 1000 grain weight. In all five combinations, transgressive forms were found out on different traits with a frequency of 6% to 8% and a transgression degree of 6 to 17%. In the hybrid Kharkivska 26 / AD 68.112 / Ward // Ae.squarrosa (369), such plants are distinguished on five traits: plant height and parameters of the main ear – length, spikelet and grain number, grain weight. The presence of transgressions indicates an increase in the manifestation level of these traits in bread wheat.

scholarly journals Host-pathogen interaction between spring wheat and Septoria nodorum with reference to resistance breeding

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-66
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Screening Techniques ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Host-pathogen interaction between spring wheat and Septoria nodorum Berk. with applications for wheat breeding were studied. Ultrastructure of interactions was studied using electron microscopic techniques. Following inoculation, conidia of S. nodorum germinate, form appressoria anda penetration peg which directly penetrates through the cell walls. It is suggested that most penetration attempts fail because of cellular defence reactions, formation of papillae and cell wall alterations. Inoculation with low spore concentration reduced grain yield of Hankkija’s Taava cultivar by 10 % and 1000-grain weight by 14 %. Inoculation with high spore concentration on large plots of Tähti cultivar reduced grain yield by 32 % and 1000-grain weight by 18 %. Inoculation with high spore concentration on normal breeding plots of Tähti cultivar reduced grain yield by 35 % and 1000-grain weight by 21 % and the grain yield of Kadett cultivar by 27 % and 1000-grain weight by 20 %. Inheritance studies on F2 progenies of spring wheat crosses involving susceptible and moderately or highly resistant parents suggest that heredity component of symptom expression is moderate level and breeding success depends mainly on efficient screening techniques. Resistance was associated with tallness in crosses, and cultivar trials suggest that resistance is positively associated with late maturation time. Field screening techniques based on small plots and artificial inoculation showed that the most resistant entries were wild Triticum species and late and tall cultivars. Seedling plant tests based on attached seedling leaves and detached leaves revealed easily the most resistant and most susceptible cultivars. The overall correlation between seedling tests and field tests was quite high. The results are discussed in relation to wheat breeding strategies for resistance to S. nodorum.

Dissection of Closely Linked QTLs Controlling Grain Size in Rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pao Xue ◽  
Yu-yu Chen ◽  
Xiao-xia Wen ◽  
Bei-fang Wang ◽  
Qin-qin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Cytological Observation ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Grain Width ◽  
Successive Generations

Abstract Grain size is a key constituent of grain weight and appearance in rice. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the small-effect QTLs on grain size. In the present study, residual heterozygous populations were developed for mapping two genetically linked small-effect QTLs for grain size. After genotyping and phenotyping of five successive generations, qGS7.1 was dissected into three QTLs and two were selected for further analysis. qTGW7.2a was finally mapped into a 21.10-kb interval containing four annotated candidate genes. Transcript levels assay showed that the expression of candidates LOC_Os07g39490 and LOC_Os07g39500 were significantly reduced in the NIL- qTGW7.2a BG1 . Cytological observation indicated that qTGW7.2a regulated grain width through controlling cell expansion. Use the same strategy, qTGW7.2b was fine mapped into a 52.71-kb interval, showing a significant effect on grain length and width with opposite allelic directions but little on grain weight. Our study provides new genetic resources for yield improvement and fine-tunes of grain size in rice.

Searching a spring wheat mutation resource for correlations between yield, grain size, and quality parameters

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saule S. Kenzhebayeva ◽  
Gulina Doktyrbay ◽  
Nicola M. Capstaff ◽  
Fatma Sarsu ◽  
Nargul Zh. Omirbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Quality Parameters

Combining ability and gene action studies for yield-contributing traits in crosses involving winter and spring wheat genotypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sharma ◽  
H. Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Wheat Hybrids

The success of winter × spring wheat hybridization programmes depends upon the ability of the genotypes of these two physiologically distinct ecotypes to combine well with each other. Hence the present investigation was undertaken to study the combining ability and nature of gene action for various morpho-physiological and yield-contributing traits in crosses involving winter and spring wheat genotypes. Five elite and diverse genotypes each of winter and spring wheat ecotypes and their F 1 (spring × spring, winter × winter and winter × spring) hybrids, generated in a diallel mating design excluding reciprocals, were evaluated in a random block design with three replications. Considerable variability was observed among the spring and winter wheat genotypes for all the traits under study. Furthermore, these traits were highly influenced by the winter and spring wheat genetic backgrounds, resulting in significant differences between the spring × spring, winter × winter and winter × spring wheat hybrids for some of the traits. The winter × spring wheat hybrids were observed to be the best with respect to yieldcontributing traits. On the basis of GCA effects, the spring wheat parents HPW 42, HPW 89, HW 3024, PW 552 and UP 2418 and the winter wheat parents Saptdhara, VWFW 452, W 10 and WW 24 were found to be good combiners for the majority of traits. These spring and winter wheat parents could be effectively utilized in future hybridization programmes for wheat improvement. Superior hybrid combinations for one or more traits were identified, all of which involved at least one good general combiner for one or more traits in their parentage, and can thus be exploited in successive generations to develop potential recombinants through various breeding strategies. Genetic studies revealed the preponderance of additive gene action for days to flowering, days to maturity and harvest index, and non-additive gene action for the remaining six traits.

Identification of quantitative trait loci for grain size and the contributions of major grain-size QTLs to grain weight in rice

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Sun ◽  
Dapeng Ma ◽  
Huihui Yu ◽  
Fasong Zhou ◽  
Yibo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Trait Loci

scholarly journals Truncation of grain filling in wheat (Triticum aestivum) triggered by brief heat stress during early grain filling: association with senescence responses and reductions in stem reserves

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Shirdelmoghanloo ◽  
Daniel Cozzolino ◽  
Iman Lohraseb ◽  
Nicholas C. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Stem Reserves

Short heat waves during grain filling can reduce grain size and consequently yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Grain weight responses to heat represent the net outcome of reduced photosynthesis, increased mobilisation of stem reserves (water-soluble carbohydrates, WSC) and accelerated senescence in the grain. To compare their relative roles in grain weight responses under heat, these characteristics were monitored in nine wheat genotypes subjected to a brief heat stress at early grain filling (37°C maximum for 3 days at 10 days after anthesis). Compared with the five tolerant varieties, the four susceptible varieties showed greater heat-triggered reductions in final grain weight, grain filling duration, flag leaf chla and chlb content, stem WSC and PSII functionality (Fv/Fm). Despite the potential for reductions in sugar supply to the developing grains, there was little effect of heat on grain filling rate, suggesting that grain size effects of heat may have instead been driven by premature senescence in the grain. Extreme senescence responses potentially masked stem WSC contributions to grain weight stability. Based on these findings, limiting heat-triggered senescence in the grain may provide an appropriate focus for improving heat tolerance in wheat.

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