scholarly journals 3D Discrete Macro-Modelling Approach for Masonry Arch Bridges

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Caddemi ◽  
Ivo Caliò ◽  
Francesco Cannizzaro ◽  
Domenico D'Urso ◽  
Bartolomeo Pantò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nonlinear Fem ◽  
Masonry Arch ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Arch Bridges ◽  
Continuous Dynamic

<p>Masonry multi-span arch bridges are historical structures still playing a key role in many transportation networks of numerous countries. Most of these bridges are several decades old and have been subjected to continuous dynamic loadings, due to the vehicular traffic, and in many cases their maintenance required structural modifications. The currently adopted health monitoring strategies are based on in situ inspections as well as structural assessments based on numerical models characterised by different levels of reliability according to the required purpose. Simplified approaches are generally adopted for fast structural evaluation, on the other hand more rigorous approaches are fundamental for a reliable structural assessment of these particular structures, often characterized by very complex geometrical layouts and structural alterations not always sufficiently documented. This paper presents an original Discrete Macro-Element Method (DMEM) that allows a reliable simulation of the linear and nonlinear response of masonry structures and masonry bridges characterised by a lower computational burden, compared to classical nonlinear FEM analyses, although maintaining a good accuracy. The method is applied to a real masonry bridges and the results are compared with those obtained from a more sophisticated three- dimensional nonlinear FEM model both in linear and nonlinear context.</p>

Three-dimensional adaptive limit analysis of masonry arch bridges interacting with the backfill

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 113189
Author(s):  
Tommaso Papa ◽  
Nicola Grillanda ◽  
Gabriele Milani
Keyword(s):  
Limit Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Masonry Arch ◽  
Arch Bridges

scholarly journals Real Geometrical Imperfection of Bow-String Arches—Measurement and Global Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4530
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Odrobiňák ◽  
Matúš Farbák ◽  
Jakub Chromčák ◽  
Ján Kortiš ◽  
Jozef Gocál
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Bridge Superstructure ◽  
Geometrical Imperfections ◽  
Theoretical And Numerical Analysis ◽  
Arch Bridges

In order to analyse the buckling behaviour of existing bow-string arch bridges, it is necessary to deal with the imperfections that influence the global stability of their superstructures. Direct quantification of the material imperfections represents an extremely difficult task for this type of structure. On the other hand, the geometrical imperfections can be measured in more detail by using special scanners or high-accuracy surveying instruments. This contribution represents a beginning part of the research activities focusing on the real values of geometric imperfections of existing steel arch bridges using three-dimensional (3D) scanning. The possibility of using these data for further theoretical and numerical analysis based on the finite element method (FEM) and for further creating the building information modelling (BIM) of the bridges is proposed. When verifying the stability of bow-string arch bridges, much higher attention has to be paid to the out-of-plane stability of the arches. The numerical models of an existing bridge superstructure were developed to execute a nonlinear analysis with geometrical imperfections included. Both the theoretical and actual imperfections obtained by 3D scanning were taken into account. The obtained data, their comparison and the applicability of the presented method are finally discussed.

scholarly journals Arch bridges subject to pier settlements: continuous vs. piecewise rigid displacement methods

Meccanica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marialaura Malena ◽  
Maurizio Angelillo ◽  
Antonio Fortunato ◽  
Gianmarco de Felice ◽  
Ida Mascolo
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Path Following ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Masonry Arch ◽  
Rigid Displacement ◽  
Historic Masonry ◽  
Displacement Capacity ◽  
Arch Bridges

AbstractSettlements severely affect historic masonry arch bridges worldwide. There are countless examples of structural dislocations and ruins in recent years due to severe settlements at the base of pier foundations, often caused by shipworm infestation of wooden foundations or scouring and riverbed erosion phenomena. The present paper proposes an original way to approach the failure analysis of settled masonry arch bridges. The proposed method combines two different 2D numerical models for the prediction of masonry arch bridge capacity against settlements and for safety assessment. The first one is the Piecewise Rigid Displacement method, i.e. a block-based limit analysis approach using the well known Heyman's hypotheses; the second one is a continuous Finite Element approach. The case study of the four-span Deba Bridge (Spain, 2018) failure is presented with the aim to illustrate how the methods work. The failure analysis produced satisfactory results by applying both methods separately, in confirmation of their reliability. Their combination also allowed to obtain a significantly reduction in computational cost and an improvement of prediction accuracy. A sensitivity and a path-following analysis were also performed with the aim to demonstrate the robustness of the presented method. The obtained simulations highlighted that the results do not depend on the friction angle and that a proper prediction of the evolution of the structural behavior can be obtained only taking into account geometric nonlinearities. Such results demonstrate once again that in settled masonry arches geometry prevails over the mechanical parameters. The current study paves the way for the fruitful use of the proposed approaches for a wider range of applications, as, for example, the mechanism identification or the displacement capacity assessment of masonry structures under overloading as seismic loads.

scholarly journals Inspection and Assessment of Masonry Arch Bridges: Ivanjica Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13363
Author(s):  
Neda M. Sokolović ◽  
Milica Petrović ◽  
Ana Kontić ◽  
Suzana Koprivica ◽  
Nenad Šekularac
Keyword(s):  
Collapse Mechanism ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Masonry Arch ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
3D Simulation Model ◽  
Arch Bridges ◽  
Longitudinal Cracks

The importance of masonry arch bridges as a traffic network element calls for a thorough analysis focused on both structural stability and loading capacity of these historical structures, considering the usage of these bridges in contemporary traffic conditions. This paper focuses on the analysis of longitudinal cracks in a single span masonry arch bridge to evaluate its influence on structural behaviour of the system. As longitudinal cracks do not necessarily present an inevitable collapse mechanism, analysis of the causes is crucial for evaluating the serviceability and functionality of the bridge investigated. The methodology is based on the following: literature review, observation of the stone bridge in Ivanjica, geological testing of the site, geophysical testing of the bridge, laboratory testing of mechanical characteristics of stone used for the bridge construction and biological analysis of the samples of implemented materials on the bridge. Finite element analysis of the bridge was conducted to define the causes of the longitudinal cracks. The 3D simulation model was based on the data collected through observation and experimental analysis. This paper provides extensive research on a single span masonry bridge, examining how different deterioration mechanisms, in conjunction, can lead to the appearance of cracks in masonry arch bridges and provide remedial measures accordingly.

Updating Numerical Models of Masonry Arch Bridges by Operational Modal Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 760-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Costa ◽  
António Arêde ◽  
Aníbal Costa ◽  
Elsa Caetano ◽  
Álvaro Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Operational Modal Analysis ◽  
Masonry Arch ◽  
Arch Bridges

scholarly journals Three-dimensional mesoscale modelling of multi-span masonry arch bridges subjected to scour

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 486-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Tubaldi ◽  
Lorenzo Macorini ◽  
Bassam A. Izzuddin
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mesoscale Modelling ◽  
Masonry Arch ◽  
Arch Bridges

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Investigation of 3D Dam-Break Wave Propagation in an Enclosed Domain with Dry and Wet Bottom

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5638
Author(s):  
Selahattin Kocaman ◽  
Stefania Evangelista ◽  
Hasan Guzel ◽  
Kaan Dal ◽  
Ada Yilmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dam Break ◽  
Dam Failure ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Negative Wave ◽  
Through Flow ◽  
Instantaneous Removal ◽  
Surface Patterns

Dam-break flood waves represent a severe threat to people and properties located in downstream regions. Although dam failure has been among the main subjects investigated in academia, little effort has been made toward investigating wave propagation under the influence of tailwater depth. This work presents three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations of laboratory experiments of dam-breaks with tailwater performed at the Laboratory of Hydraulics of Iskenderun Technical University, Turkey. The dam-break wave was generated by the instantaneous removal of a sluice gate positioned at the center of a transversal wall forming the reservoir. Specifically, in order to understand the influence of tailwater level on wave propagation, three tests were conducted under the conditions of dry and wet downstream bottom with two different tailwater depths, respectively. The present research analyzes the propagation of the positive and negative wave originated by the dam-break, as well as the wave reflection against the channel’s downstream closed boundary. Digital image processing was used to track water surface patterns, and ultrasonic sensors were positioned at five different locations along the channel in order to obtain water stage hydrographs. Laboratory measurements were compared against the numerical results obtained through FLOW-3D commercial software, solving the 3D Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) with the k-ε turbulence model for closure, and Shallow Water Equations (SWEs). The comparison achieved a reasonable agreement with both numerical models, although the RANS showed in general, as expected, a better performance.

Ice-Phase Precipitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 6.1-6.36 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gultepe ◽  
A. J. Heymsfield ◽  
P. R. Field ◽  
D. Axisa
Keyword(s):  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Microphysical Parameters ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Ice Phase

AbstractIce-phase precipitation occurs at Earth’s surface and may include various types of pristine crystals, rimed crystals, freezing droplets, secondary crystals, aggregates, graupel, hail, or combinations of any of these. Formation of ice-phase precipitation is directly related to environmental and cloud meteorological parameters that include available moisture, temperature, and three-dimensional wind speed and turbulence, as well as processes related to nucleation, cooling rate, and microphysics. Cloud microphysical parameters in the numerical models are resolved based on various processes such as nucleation, mixing, collision and coalescence, accretion, riming, secondary ice particle generation, turbulence, and cooling processes. These processes are usually parameterized based on assumed particle size distributions and ice crystal microphysical parameters such as mass, size, and number and mass density. Microphysical algorithms in the numerical models are developed based on their need for applications. Observations of ice-phase precipitation are performed using in situ and remote sensing platforms, including radars and satellite-based systems. Because of the low density of snow particles with small ice water content, their measurements and predictions at the surface can include large uncertainties. Wind and turbulence affecting collection efficiency of the sensors, calibration issues, and sensitivity of ground-based in situ observations of snow are important challenges to assessing the snow precipitation. This chapter’s goals are to provide an overview for accurately measuring and predicting ice-phase precipitation. The processes within and below cloud that affect falling snow, as well as the known sources of error that affect understanding and prediction of these processes, are discussed.

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